外國人 直接投資에 대한 硏究 : 對外經濟證屬이 經濟成長과 所得分配에 미치는 影響에 관한 實증硏究

徐東錫,金洙槿,宋燮瑋,金喆煥 亞洲大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Dependency theory claims that economic dependency retards economic development and increases income inequlity within peripheral countries. On the other hand, neoclassical development theory predicts that economic linkage to the world economy facilitates economic growth and improves the income distribution. This paper aimes to test the general validity of dependency theory by using a cross section data over 1970s and time series data over the period 1962-1984 of Korea. The time series data allow us to observe the dynamics of dependency theory which emphasizes the "historical process". Four measures of economic dependency or external linkage are used to regress the economic growth rate and Gini coefficients. The control variables additionally employed in our empirical analysis are exports and domestic capital formation. The research design employed is a regression analysis incorporating lag structure. The results indicate that economic dependency has no significant negative effects on growth and income distribution. Thus we conclude that the denpendency theory is not substantiated by our empirical data. The data rather supports the neoclassical development theory.

공동주택조명 설비 기준 설정을 위한 조사 연구

김동관,송진원,이경섭,김병인,김창석 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2001 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.23 No.2

Current interior lighting design way that is consisting uniformly by designer's experience or simple capacity calculation diversifies according to standard of living elevation and there is problem that do not reflect been individualising resident's change request in lighting plan, design properly. Therefore, because this resident's request, enough judgment data that is worth reflecting dissatisfaction item in design concretely or standard is not saved up in business post, had gotten into bottleneck at lighting design. Diagnose resident's consciousness and feedback degree about interior lighting to existent apartment complex in this research and examined improvement plan. As a result, in the case of illumination, wanted higher brightness and showed reason that is most Afirmativ about order way of lighting fixtures. The reason is because can select registration nine that want by oneself directly. Plan qualitative elevation of house lighting environment making lighting image which is coincided in our real condition, and is thought to reflect various resident's character, fondness in design and solved dissatis faction.

白鼠의 카드뮴中毒時 Diallyldisulfide가 카드뮴 排泄에 미치는 影響에 關한 硏究

沈贊燮,宋東彬,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.3

The garlic has been proved to have protective effect on the poisoning of cadmium and mercury in previous studies. Diallyldisulfide, the major substance of garlic extract, was expected to have the similar protective effect to the heavy metal poisoning. In this study the effect of diallyldisulfide on the excretion of cadmium from body and accumulation of cadmium in the target organs, liver, kidney and testis was studied and was also compared with the effect to 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). For the experiment, cadmium (1 mg/kg) was injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats for 4 days and diallyldisulfide and DMSA were administered respectively per os with oral tube once a day for 11 days which was started 1 day before starting cadmium injection. The 24 hours feces and urine were collected seperately using metabolic cage for 10 days and studied the effect of diallyldisulfide and DMSA on the excretion of cadmium. The results of the experiment were as follows. 1. The simultaneously administered groups of cadmium and diallyldisulfide or cadmium and DMSA showed more excellent effect on the excretion of cadmium than the cadmium alone administered groups. Especially fecal excretion of cadmium was remarkable between at 2nd and 8th day of diallyldisulfide or DMSA administration. In comparison with the effect of two regimen, ratio of the total excretion to the total administration of cadmium in 10 days was higher in the diallyldisulfide administered group than in the DMSA administered group. The effect of urinary excretion in diallyldisulfide administred group was inferior to DMSA administered group and its excretion effect was weak comparing with the fecal excretion. 2. The accumulation of cadmium in testis and kidney was decreased markedly in diallyldisulfide or DMSA administered groups than cadmium alone administered group, but in liver and spleen it was not decreased markedly. Especially the treated with diallyldisulfide or DMSA groups showed the accumulation of cadmium in kidney 28-31% less than the cadmium alone administered group. Also in testis they showed 34% less accumulation of cadmium in diallyldisulfide administered group and 50% less accumulation in DMSA administered group than cadmium alone administered group respectively.

소양호 부영양학의 연변화 추이

김범철,조규송,허우명,김동섭 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The trend of trophic status change in Lake Soyang from 1981 to 1989 was studied by the measurement of chlorophyll a concentration, transparaency, total phosphorus concentration, and the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit rate. And the phosphorus loading from the watershed was measured monthly at the main inflowing river, Soyan River. The increasing trend of chlorophyll was clear at the rate of 0.4 /￡㎍/l/yr. The advent and expansion of Anabaena bloom was the major cause of chlorophyll, increase and transparency reduction. The rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit also increased from 0.032 mg Ο_(2)/cm^(2)/day in 1986 to 0066 in 1988. The trophic state of Lake Soyang can be assessed as oligotrophy before 1983, mesotrophy from 1984 to 1988, and eutrophy since 1989. Phosphorus loading from floating net fishfarms was estimated to be larger than 45% of total. The phosphorus loading from only watershed is smaller than the dangerous critical loading, but, if the fishfarms loading added, it exceeds the critical loading.

장티푸스 진단에 있어서 Vi-Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test의 민감도 및 특이도

장경희,류동렬,박성하,박병규,이준구,염준섭,최영화,송영구,김현숙,정윤섭,김준명 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.4

목 적 : 장티푸스는 체액의 세균배양검사에서 Salmonella typhi의 분리로 확진하지만 조기진단을 위해서는 혈청학적인 검사가 도움이 된다. 저자 등은 1989년 이후 장티푸스진단에 S. typhi의 Vi항원을 이용한 간접형광항체법 (Vi-indirect fluorescent antibody test : Vi-IFAT)을 도입하였다. 이에 지난 7년간의 검사결과를 토대로 Vi-IFAT의 민감도 및 특이도를 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1989년부터 1996년까지 연세대학교 의과대학 세브란스 병원에 발열을 주소로 내원하여 Vi-IFAT가 의뢰된 환자 중 발열의 원인이 확진된 744명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, Vi-IFAT에 있어서 양성반응은 1:64이상으로 하였다. 결 과 : 1) 세균배양검사에서 확진된 장티푸스 환자 178예 중 168예에서 양성반응을 보여 민감도는 94.4%이었다. 항체가는 1:64가 89예, 1:128이 36예, 1:256이 27예, 그리고 1:512가 16예이었다. 위음성이었던 10예의 항체가는 1:32가 7예, 1:16이하가 3예이었다. 2) 발열을 주소로 내원한 환자 중 장티푸스 이외의 다른 질환으로 확진된 566예 중 538예에서 음성반응을 보여 특이도는 95.1%이었다. 항체가는 1:32가 117예, 1:16이하가 421예이었다. 위양성이었던 28예의 항체가는 1:64가 23예, 1:128이 5예이었으며, 장티푸스 이외의 살모넬라증이 4예, 요로계감염이 10예, 소화기계감염이 6예, 호흡기 계감염이 5예, 악성 종양이 2예, 그리고 바이러스 감염이 1예이었다. 3) Vi-IFAT 양성인 196예 중에서 장티푸스는 168예로 양성예측율은 85.7%이었으며, Vi-IFAT 음성인 548예 중 장티푸스 이외의 발열질환은 538예로 음성예측율 98.2%이었다. 4) 배양검사와 Widal test 사이의 일치율 (Kappa value)는 0.28로 poor agreement를 보였으며 Vi-IFAT와 Widal test 사이의 Kappa value는 0.74로 good agreement를 보였다. 그러나 배양검사와 Vi-IFAT 사이의 Kappa value는 0.86으로 excellent agreement를 보여 일치율이 가장 높은 검사는 배양검사와 Vi-IFAT라 할 수 있겠다. 5) 장티푸스 환자에 있어서 Vi-IFAT의 양성율은 발열기간이 1중 미만인 환자에서는 68%, 1내지 2주인 환자에서는 89.5%, 2주이상인 환자에서는 100%이었다. 결 론 : Vi 항원을 이용한 간접형광항체법 (Vi-IFAT)은 장티푸스 진단에 높은 민감도 및 특이도를 가지며, 또한 조기진단에 있어서도 임상적으로 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다. Background : Typhoid fever is diagnosed by culture or serological study. The confirmative diagnosis of typhoid fever is made by culture of the causative organism usually from body fluids. Serological test is a supportive diagnositic tool, which is useful for early diagnosis. In Severance Hospital, Vi-indirect foluorescent antibidy test(Vi-IFAT) using the Vi-antigen of Salmonella typhi has been used in the diagnosis of typhoid fever since 1989. We investigated the test results from the past 7 years, in order to clarify the sensitivity and specificity of Vi-IFAT. Methods : A retrospective study was done on patients whose chief complaint was fever and who were tested using Vi-IFAT in the Severance Hospital from 1989 to 1996. The positive value for Vi-IFAT was defined as 1:64 or higher. Results : The sensitivity and specificity of Vi-IFAT for typhoid fever was 94.4% and 95.1%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% and 98.2% respectively. Positive rates of Vi-IFAT after fever onset increased with time and 68% were positive before the first week. From the first to the second week, 89.5% were positive and after the second week, 100% were positive. Conclusion : Vi-IFAT is not only a valuable serologic test for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, but also useful in the early diagnosis of the disease.

Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과

김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6

목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.

Deterministic BIST Based on a Clustered Reconfigurable Interconnection Network

Dong-Sup Song,Sungho Kang 대한전자공학회 2005 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2005 No.1

Clinical significance of metabolic tumor volume by PET/CT in stages II and III of diffuse large B cell lymphoma without extranodal site involvement

Song, Moo-Kon,Chung, Joo-Seop,Shin, Ho-Jin,Lee, Sang-Min,Lee, Su-Ee,Lee, Ho-Sup,Lee, Gyeong-Won,Kim, Seong-Jang,Lee, Seok-Mo,Chung, Dong-Seop Springer-Verlag 2012 Annals of hematology Vol.91 No.5

<P>The objective of this study was to investigate whether metabolic tumor volume (MTV) by positron emission tomography (PET) can be a potential prognostic tool when compared with Ann Arbor stage, in stages II and III nodal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We evaluated 169 patients with nodal stages II and III DLBCL who underwent measurements with PET prior to rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Cutoff point of MTV was measured using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. During a median period of 36 months, stage II was 59.2% and III was 40.8%. Using the ROC curve, the MTV of 220 cm<SUP>3</SUP> was the cutoff value. The low MTV group (<220 cm<SUP>3</SUP>) had longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), compared with the high MTV group (≥220 cm<SUP>3</SUP>) (<I>p</I> < 0.001, <I>p</I> < 0.001). Stage II patients had longer survival than those in stage III (PFS, <I>p</I> = 0.011; OS, <I>p</I> = 0.001). The high MTV group had lower PFS and OS patterns, regardless of stage, compared with the low MTV group (<I>p</I> < 0.001, <I>p</I> < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed an association of the high MTV group with lower PFS and OS (PFS, hazard ratio (HR) = 5.300, <I>p</I> < 0.001; OS, HR = 7.009, <I>p</I> < 0.001), but not stage III (PFS, <I>p</I> = 0.187; OS, <I>p</I> = 0.054). Assessment of MTV by PET had more potential predictive power than Ann Arbor stage in the patients that received R-CHOP.</P>

Influence of Filament Number on Workability and Critical Current Density of Bi-2212/Ag Superconducting Wires

Dong-Woo Ha,Sang-Cheol Kim,Jae-Gun Oh,Hong-Soo Ha,Nam-Jin Lee,Kyu-Jeong Song,Tae-Hyung Kim,Rock-Kil Ko,Ho-Sup Kim,Seong-Kuk Park,Sang-Kil Lee,Yu-Mi Roh,Sang-Soo Oh IEEE 2007 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.17 No.2

<P>The important merit of Bi-2212/Ag high T<SUB>c</SUB> superconducting wire is to apply cable as round wire geometry. Bi-2212/Ag wires were fabricated in order to develop Rutherford cable for SMES near the future. Various Ag ratio and various numbers of filaments for PIT (powder-in-tube) process were applied to investigate the workability during drawing and to improve critical current property of the wires. In order to find proper working process, we investigated the variation of drawing stress during working. Post-annealing of Bi-2212/Ag wires at various atmospheres was carried out after main heat-treatment in order to increase critical current density. The results of post-annealing in nitrogen were better than that of post-annealing in oxygen. J<SUB>c</SUB> of Bi-2212/Ag wire was increased as increased maximum temperature,T<SUB>m</SUB> , for partial melting until 890degC, and highest J<SUB>c</SUB> was over than 2000 A/mm<SUP>2</SUP>. The shape of grain was observed by SEM to investigate Bi-2212 phase formation in filaments. The critical current density increased in proportion to the increase of Bi-2212/Ag wire's filaments number.</P>

경계스캔 구조를 사용한 시스템의 온라인 버스 모니터링

宋東燮(Dong-Sup Song),裵相民(Sang-Min Bae),姜成昊(Sungho Kang),朴英鎬(Young-Ho Park) 대한전기학회 2000 전기학회논문지 D Vol.49 No.12