傷寒論에 대한 精神醫學的 硏究

文相泰,辛容玹,具炳壽 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was aimed to get the course which is caused by Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sang-Han. Therefore this study is based on 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門.傷寒』) classfied mainly by symptoms. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』) are explained as Pal-Gang(八綱), which shows those are settled down to a systematic oriental medical theory. 2. Pal-Bup (八法) used in the cure of symptomatische psychose in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』), which is intended to boost the effect of cure, choosing the respondent cure method about various causes. 3. Pal-Gang(八綱) and Pal-Bup(八法) in『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門·傷寒』) are improved by Lee-Chun(李 ) who added Jang-gi(張機)'s Sang Han theory and new medical thought in the ages of Geum. Won. 4. Lee-Chun(李 ) believed that Neuropsychiatric symptoms which appeared in Sang Hang is caused by the "Unbalance(不平)". So he wanted to reach harmony of "Jeong(精), QI(氣), Shin(神), Hyul(血)" after improving the status of "Unbalance(『不平』)" toward the status of "Balance(平)".

A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

단순다각형의 최단 외부가시선분을 구하는 최적 알고리즘

이승용(Seung-Yong Lee),신성용(Sung Yong Shin),좌경룡(Kyung-Yong Chwa) 한국정보과학회 1991 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.18 No.1

다각형 P의 내부를 지나지 않는 선분 L로 부터 P의 경계가 모두 보이면 L을 P의 외부가시선분이라 한다. Shin은 정점이 n개인 다각형 P가 주어졌을 때 P의 외부가시선분이 존재하는 가를 조사하고 존재할 경우 외부가시선분을 구하는 O(nlogn) 시간 알고리즘을 제시하였고 Bhattacharya 등은 다각형의 sector 가시성을 이용하여 같은 문제가 O(n) 시간에 해결됨을 보였다. Bhattacharya와 Toussaint은 주어진 다각형이 정점이 n개인 볼록다각형일 때 최단 외부가시선분을 구하는 O(n) 시간 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 정점이 n개인 단순다각형 P가 주어졌을 때 P의 최단 외부가시선분을 구하는 O(n) 시간 알고리즘을 제시한다.

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

응급실을 내원한 구강악안면외과 안면골 골절 환자의 변화에 대한 비교 연구

신상훈,성화식,강영훈,황대석,김용덕,김욱규,김종렬,정인교 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2008 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.24

Although there have been many clinical studies about the facial trauma in the recent as well as in the past, severity and frequency of facial trauma are reported multifarious. It seemed to be because of variety of social, cultural, and environmental factors, and the view point of investigators. In this study, we investigated about the patients visiting emergency room during recent 4 years(2004-2007), and compared with retrospective study during former 10 years(1992-1996, 1999-2003) in Dept. OMS Pusan National University Hospital. We assessed the cause, type, demographic, etc, and analyzed alterations of facial bone fractures during past 3 periods. The results were as follows. The total number of patients was increased. 429 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures between January 1992 and December 1996, 466 patients treated between January 1992 and December 1996 and 764 patients treated between January 2004 and December 2007. The male-to-female ratio were 4.6:1, 3.9:1, and 4.16:1, respectively. Patient in the age groups of 10-19 years and 20-29 years increased in the latter two periods. Assaults and falls are decreased gradually, but slip down s are increased. Traffic accidents are still major cause of facial trauma. The mandibular fractures showed the highest incidence thorought three periods. Symphysis fractures of mandible was increased and condyle fractures of mandible was drecreased in the third period.

대형 화재로 인한 사상자의 손상 유형과 합병증 : 동인천 라이브호프 화재를 중심으로

신중호,김재광,염석란,신종환,민순식,임용수,양혁준,이근,황성연 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: High risks of fire alway exist for buildings in urban areas, especially those in downtown. Crowds, as well as more complex and larger structures, may cause more victims in the event of fire; therefore, emergency medical service plans must be established for such disastrous events. Methods: On the evening of October 30,1999, a fire broke out in downtown, Dong-Incheon Live-Hof restaurant; 56 people were killed and 76 were injured. Most of them were teenagers. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the victims, Results: 1) Among the 56 dead, 54 died from smoke inhalation, one from extensive burns, and one from sepsis during treatment. 2) Among the 76 injured, 70 patients suffered from smoke inhalation, 53 from burns, and 9 from several types of trauma (sprains, contusions, lacerations, abrasions, fractures, etc.). 3) Later complications were laryngeal edema, pulmonary edema, scar contracture, and hypoxic brain damage, and so forth. 4) Post traumatic stress syndrome was unexpectedly more prevalent in mildly to moderately injured survivors and witnesses than in seriously injured survivors. Conclusion: Many complications exist after a fire. Some may be resolved in time, but others may result in permanent sequelae. Early rescue, early triage, and early management during transport by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel can result in fewer complications and a lower mortality rate. Therefore, we propose the establishment of plans to be followed during various major disasters.

구리의 전기석출시 젤라틴이 물성에 미치는 영향

신석재,강현춘,안형환,강안수,김용렬,한성만,이한섭 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In the electrodeposition of copper foil for preparing printed circuit boards, a little amount of gelatin as a addition agent has been used for the better characteristics of a coat of electroplating. Gelatin modifies the physical properties such as mechanical strength, matte-side roughness, ultimate tensile strength(U.T.S), and elongation of copper foil, furthermore gelatin have influence on the structure of electrodeposits and the cathode polarization. The electrolyte used was of a composition; CuSO₄·5H₂O 300g/ℓ, H₂SO₄ 100g/ℓ, NaCl 10 ppm as a brightner, and was gelatin 0-7 ppm as a addition agent. Current density was 50 A/dm², and the temperature of electrolytic bath was 50 to 52 ℃. Experiments showed that the optimum gelatin concentration was 5 ppm with the consideration of the numbers of electrodeposited nuclei. And the nuclei numbers was sharply increased under 5 ppm, but was almostly constant above 5ppm. Average matte-side roughness by Surfcorder was gradually increased with the increasing gelatine concentration up to 2 ppm, and maximum roughness was observed at 2ppm. The roughness showed gradual decrease within the concentration range of 2 to 4 ppm, and was almost constant above 4ppm . Within the gelatine concentration range of 0 to 7 ppm, as the concentration increased, UTS was increased and elongation was decreased logarithmically. Also, in comparison between UTS and elongation, gelatin was identified as an addition agent acting inversely.

정신분열병에 대한 Risperidone의 효과 및 안전성에 관하여

신석철,왕성근,지익성,이선우,이규광,이봉희,이진영,황선희,신용재,배경도,김정란 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1997 충남의대잡지 Vol.24 No.1

In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of risperidone, 10 patients with chronic schizophrenia were examined for 8 weeks in a silgle-open study. After the wash-out period of 1 week, risperidone was administered. Efficacy was evaluated by means of Positive and Negative syndrome Scale for Schizophernia(PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression(CGI). Safety assessment included the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS), vital signs, body weight, ECG, and laboratory tests. The results were as follows 1) On the PANSS total score, there was significant improvement of total score after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 2) On the PANSS positive and negative subscal, there were significant improvement of posotive and negative scores after 2 weeks (P<.05) of administration. 3) On the PANSS general psychopatholgy subscals, there were significant improvement of general psychopathologyscores after 1 week (P<.05) of administratiom. 4) On the CGI, there was significant decreasement of clinical impression of severity of schizophrenia score after 2 week (P<.05) of administration. 5) A statistically significant increase in body weight (P<.05) was observed after 8 weeks of administration. 6) EPS reached the peak at the end of the 1st week of administration of risperidone (11.8± 24.25) but they were easily relieved by addition of benztropine and clonazepam. There was not significant change in laboratory tests, vital sign, ECG after 8 weeks of administration. These results suggest that Risperidone is an effective antipsychotics and clinically safe except for increased body weight in chronic schizophrenia.

CAE 응용설계 기법을 이용한 클램프 척(Clamp chuck)의 금형설계 개선에 관한 연구

신명균,허용정,강성남 호서대학교 반도체제조장비국산화연구센터 2000 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2000 No.1

사출성형에 관한 연구는 오랜 역사를 가지고 있으며 공정 시뮬레이션을 위한 상용화된 CAE 프로그램을 포함하여 많은 연구가 진행되는 분야중의 하나이다 그러나 다양한 고분자 재료의 성질, 금형의 복잡한 형상 및 성형조건 등의 변화로 인해 금형설계 및 제작 그리고 사출성형시 상당한 어려움을 겪게 된다. 사출성형 공정에서는 금형온도, 플라스틱 재료, 냉각수, 보압과 사출압 등의 여러 가지 공정변수가 있어 현장전문가의 경험에 의해 사출금형의 제작이 이루어지는 경우가 보통이다. 이와 같은 경험에 의한 금형 제작은 상당한 납기지연과 노동집약적인 방식으로 흘러가게 된다. 금형 제작시 가장 고려해야 될 사항 중의 하나는 사출성형품의 수축이다. 사출성형에서 용융수지는 냉각, 고화하면서 수축하는데 성형품 치수를 유지하기 위해서는 수축하는만큼 금형의 치수를 보정하여야 한다. 이 수축률은 사용수지의 종류와 성형품 트기, 살두께 등에 따라 다르다. 또 동일한 수지일 경우에도 성형조건에 따라 변화하고 특히 배향성을 가진 수지는 유동방향에 따라서도 변화가 있다. 즉, 금형의 온도가 높으면 수축률은 증가하고 사출압력이 높으면 감소한다. 또한 살두께가 두껍고 길이가 길 때 수축률은 증가한다. 방향성이 있는 수지는 유동방향에 대하여 직각방향에서 가장 적다. 특히 방향성이 현저한 HDP에서는 유동방향에 따라 수축차가 크므로 성형할 때 변형을 일으키는 경우가 많다. 일반적으로 PE, PP, PA와 같은 결정성 수지는 PS, SAN, ABS 등의 비결정성 수지보다 수축률이 크다. 본 연구에서는 한조산업사에서 제작한 '클램프 척' 금형 제작과정에서 성형품의 수축으로 인한 금형의 치수보정에 있어서의 문제점을 유동해석 전용 CAE 프로그램인 C-mold를 사용하여 해석하고 평가하였다. 그리하여 현장 전문가가 경험적으로 여러 번의 시행착오를 거쳐 완성된 금형을 제작하던 기존의 방법보다 체계적이고 합리적이며 또한 신속하게 문제를 해결함으로써 궁극적으로 금형설계 및 제작 기간을 단축하고자 한다.

천연 활엽수림의 입지 유형별 미기후 추정과 직경생장과의 관계 : 강원도 평창 지역 국유림을 중심으로 A Case Study on the National Forest in Pyungchung, Kangwon Province

신만용,정상영,이돈구 한국농림기상학회 2001 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This study was conducted to estimate microclimate of natural deciduous forest in national forest of Pyungchang, Kangwon province and to investigate the effects of the microclimatic conditions on the periodic annual increment of diameter by site types. In this study, site was first classified by nine types considering both elevation (higher than 1,000 m, 700~1,000 m, and lower than 700 m) and topographical conditions (ridge, slope and valley). For each of site types, diameter growth was measured by using increment borer and periodic annual increment of diameter was then analyzed. A topoclimatological technique, for estimating microclimatic conditions, which make use of empirical relationships between the topographical factor and the climatic normals in the study area was applied to produce monthly mean, maximum and minimum temperatures, relative humidity, precipitation and hours of sunshine. From these monthly estimtes, 17 weather variables such as warmth index, coldness index, index of aridity etc. which affect the diameter growth were computed for each of site types. The periodic annual increment of diameter was then correlated with and regressed on the 17 weather variables to examine effects of microclimatic conditions on the diameter growth by site types. From the correlation analysis, it was found that the diameter growth by site types was positively correlated with all of 17 weather variables except the warmth index. Especially, the conditions such as high relative humidity and large amount of sunshine hours provide favorable environment for the growth of diameter. On the other hand, it was also found that diameter growth was negatively influenced by warmth index. According to the regression analysis, the periodic annual increment of diameter could be well predicted by index of aridity and mean relative humidity for the growing season.