촉매-크래킹에 의한 나프타로부터 경질 올레핀 제조기술

박용기,전종열,한상윤,김정리,이철위 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.5

세계적으로 에틸렌 생산공장에서 배출되는 이산화탄소의 양은 매년 141백만 톤에 이르며, 석유화학산업에서 소비되는 전체 에너지 중 약 40%는 나프타 스팀크래킹에 사용된다. 이로인한 지구 온난화를 막기 위하여 에너지 효율 증대를 통하여 이산화탄소 배출양을 최소화할 수 있는 나프타 크래킹 기술개발이 시급하다. 또한 천연가스로부터 얻어지는 에틸렌의 양이 점점 증가하기 때문에 프로필렌/에틸렌 비를 증대하기 위한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 그러므로 에틸렌과 프로필렌 수요를 맞추기 위한 thermal cracking의 대안으로 촉매를 이용한 크래킹기술이 시도되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 나프타로부터 에틸렌, 프로필렌 등과 같은 경질 올레핀 제조에 관하여 지난 수 년간 공개된 특허와 실용화 가능한 공정 기술을 소개하고자 한다. In the whole world, the amount of CO₂ emission from the ethylene plant is about 141 million tons per year, and currently about 40% of the energy in petrochemical industry is used for steam cracking of naphtha. So, global warming issues have stimulated the development of new cracking process of naphtha which can minimize CO₂ emission through the increase of energy efficiency. Also there is an effort to increase the ratio of propylene/ethylene in naphtha cracking since the natural gas cracker which can produce ethylene preferentially increases more and more. Therefore, catalytic cracking of naphtha has been studied as an alternative of thermal cracking to balance ethylene and propylene demand and to reduce CO₂ emission. This paper will review the various routes which have been investigated and applied over the past years, hut will focus particularly on the recently patented and commercially demonstrated processes for the production of lower olefins from naphtha.

벼 육묘기 개발 및 육묘 실용성

박성태,김상열,황동용,홍연규 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

벼 농사에서 기계화가 어려운 육묘를 못자리 없이 간편하고 저비용으로 할 수 있는 육묘기 개발 및 개발 육묘기의 실용성 평가시험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개발 조립식 육묘기는 파종상자 치상선반, 플라스틱판, 부직포와 비닐로 만든 보온덮개로 구성되어 있고 35상자 육묘용 육묘기는 규격이 가로 152㎝, 세로 63㎝, 높이 147㎝이며 무게 75㎏이며, 육묘일수에 따라 육묘선반 간격을 간단히 조절할 수 있다. 2. 개발 육묘기를 이용 육묘시 묘소질은 관행 못자리 모와 비슷하고 결주율는 3.2%로 못자리 육묘상자모 2.8%와 거의 같았다. 3. 개발 육묘기는 대당 20만원정도로 기존 자동화 육묘시설 (198평:7,360상자 육묘기준 및 장비에 비하여 시설비가 43% 절감 된다. 4. 육묘 노력시간은 개발 육묘기는 ㏊당 7.9시간으로 자동화 시설육묘 및 못자리 육묘에 비하여 각각 18%, 76%절감 되었다. 5. 물 사용량은 개발 육묘기 이용 육묘는 ㏊당 2.5kl로 자동화 시설육묘 및 못자리 육묘에 비하여 6~8배 절감되었다. Raising seedling in nursery bed needs not only a lots of time but also labor input which are hard especially to the old and lady farmers. On the other hand, construction of seedling raising facilities such as automated seedling raising house also requires a lots of money. To overcome those problems, a simple seedling raising shelf, which is not necessary for preparation of the seedling raising nursery bed, was developed and its feasibility of seedling raising was evaluated. The dimension of the seedling raising shelf has 152㎝ in length by 63㎝ in width with 147㎝ in height. The shelf is composed of 6 to 7 layers of shelf frame, plastic tray for seedling raising, water supply pipes and white polyester cover. The height of a seedling raising shelf can be adjusted to 6 or 7 layers simply by changing the height of plastic pipes. One unit shelf can accomodate 30 to 35 seedling trays which can transplant about 1000 ㎡ rice field. The seedling height and dry weight of rice seedling grown in the shelf-type seedling raising apparatus was not significantly different from those seedlings grown in the conventional nursery bed. Missing hill percent-age of the seedling grown in shelf-type seedling raising apparatus was 4.3% similar to that of nursery bed of 4.3%. The seeding raising shelf has following advantages. The seedling raising shelf reduces cost of the seedling raising facilities by 43%, labor input hour by 18%, irrigation water saving by 83% versus automated the automated seedling raising house and labor saving by 76% and irrigation water saving as much as 6~8 times versus the conventional seedling raising method of nursery bed.

연 착화제 효능에 관한 동물실험적 연구

서병성,김준연,김정만,김용규,정갑열,김성환,김인식,김병권 동아대학교 부설 산업의학연구소 1997 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.3

This experiment was carried out to compare the efficacy of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) and calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetate(CaEDTA) as chelating agents for lead poisoning. The rats had been fed water containing 0.5% lead acetate for 3 months and randomly divided into three groups. We administered DMSA only for group I(n=5), CaEDTA only for group II(n=5), and both DMSA and CaEDTA for group III(n=10), for 4 days. We evaluated urinary lead(PbU) level, blood lead(PbB) level and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) level before and after administration of the chelating agents. The results obtained were as follows; 1. After administration of chelating agents, the mean PbU levels, which were 248.2㎍/dl, 252.6㎍/dl and 270.0㎍/dl in group I, II and III before administration, were increased to 484.6㎍/dl, 479.9㎍/dl and 1,792.1㎍/dl in group I, II and III, respectively(p<0.05). 2. After administration of chelating agents, the mean PbB levels, which were 67.4㎍/dl, 59.9㎍/dl and 62.5㎍/dl in group I, II and III before administration, were decreased to 38.1㎍/dl, 36.3㎍/dl and 31.3㎍/dl in group I, II and III, respectively(p<0.05), but there were no different changes of ZPP level among groups. 3. The blood lead clearances, which were calculated by PbB level before and after administration of chelating agents, were 49.8%, 43.5% and 39.5% in group III, I and II, respectively.

洛東江 流域의 土壤 特色 및 土地 利用 實態 調査

이충열,김용철,박현철,김성만,최인수 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1998 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

1980년에 발표한 자료와 그 후 토양조사를 한 결과를 종합하여 낙동강 유역의 토양을 중심으로 우리 나라의 토양특성을 비롯한 각종 토양해설 자료를 근거로 요약하면 다음과 같다. 우리 나라 지형은 매우 복잡하나 산악이 대부분을 차지하고 있으며, 태백산을 중심으로 동부는 급경사의 지형이 발달하여 있고, 서부는 완만한 경사를 이루는 산악지가 많을 뿐만 아니라 우리 나라의 곡창지대라 할 수 있는 평야지는 한강을 비롯하여 낙동강, 금강, 및 영산강 유역에 분포하고 있다. 산악지의 면적이 많아 농경지의 절반 이상이 경사지에 분포하고 있는 것이 특징이라 할 수 있다. 토양 모재는 산성암 조립질인 화강암 또는 화강편마암이 전국의 2/3 이상 점유하고 있으며 수성암인 혈암 및 사암은 낙동강 유역이 위치한 경상남북도에 많이 분포하고 있다. 석회암은 강원도에 가장 많이 분포하고 있고 경기 및 경북의 북부지방에 약간 분포하며 기타 지역에는 산재하여 분포하고 있다. 이외에도 반암, 안산암, 유문암 및 편암 등이 분포하고 있으며 충적층은 주로 낙동강 유역을 포함한 4대강 및 이들 4대강의 재류에 넓게 분포하고 있다. 정밀 토양조사 결과 면적은 9,577,000ha(논 879,000ha, 밭 1,288,000ha, 과수 및 뽕밭 119,000ha, 초지 103,000ha, 임지 6,425,000ha, 기타 763,000ha), 이 중 낙동강 유역은 논, 밭을 포함한 농경지 240,731ha, 임지 1,132,655ha 및 기타 154,945ha로서 총 면적은 대략 1,565,332ha이다. The summary of the survey, which was based on the published data since 1980, on soil characteristics and land utilization of Korea including the basin of the Nakdong river is as follows : The mountainous area comprises the various physiographic features. The eastern part from Taebaeg Mountain is mostly covered by the steep sloped land and the western part perches on gently sloped hil1y area in which the major productive area is distributed along the alluvial plains of the major river basins, Han river, Nakdong river, Kum river and Youngsan river in Korea. More than half of the cultivated lands occur on the local valleys and mountain foot slopes. Soils from coarse textured acidic crystalline rocks such as granite and granitic gneiss cover more than 2/3 of the country. Soils from sedimentary rocks like shale and sandstone are mainly confined Kyungbuk province, soils from limestone are mainly in Kangwon and partly in Kyungki, Kyungbuk and other provinces, and others are from porphyry, andesite, gabbro, rhyolite and schist. Alluvial soils are mainly developed on four river basins and their tributaries. The area of whole cultivated land covered by the detailed soil survey was turned out to be 9.577.000ha, upland 879.000ha, paddy land 1,288,000ha, orchard and mulberry 119.000ha, grass land 103,000ha, forest 6,425,000ha and the others 763,000ha, In Nakdong river valley, total area was approximately 1,565,332ha and the cultivated area including upland and paddy land was 240,731ha. The area of forest and the others were respectively 1,132,655ha and 154,945ha.

탄소섬유보강판의 홈삽입에 따른 철근콘크리트 보의 보강효과

한상훈,최만용,조홍동,박중열,황선일 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 建設技術論文集 Vol.21 No.1

This paper presents a feasibility study of an alternative strengthening method by slot-bonded CFRP plates for reinforced concrete beam. A total 14 reinforced concrete beam were constructed, tested and the response of the beams in terms of deflection, strains, failure load and failure mode were examined. Each specimen was initially loaded for 75% of ultimate load, cracked specimen were strengthened with CFRP plate and then tested until complete failure. Test variables included the strengthening method, steel ratio and strengthening length, and the effects according to each test variables are analysed. The experimental results show that proposed methods can increase the flexural strength and stiffness of the beam significantly. Also, the failure of the specimens strengthened by the proposed method are more ductile than externally bonded specimen.

우심방과 우심실의 거대 심장 혈관종 1예

김제열,조상호,김건일,허경림,김현숙,조구영,최영진,이원용,임종윤 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

Cardiac tumors, especially the primary tumors involving any part of the heart are extremely rare and its relative incidence has been reported to be approximately 0.02%. We report a patient with huge cardiac hemangioma who complained of shortness of breath, general weakness, and dizziness, Imaging study by echocardiography and computed tomography of thorax revealed a huge lobulating mass like a bunch of grapes in the right chamber of heart. The surgical exploration of thorax was performed and a histological diagnosis of spindle cell hemangioma was obtained by microscopy. The patient was treated by surgical resection of the tumor and doing well after surgery. Our experience indicated that prompt diagnosis and treatment of cardiac hemangioma is imperative for patients' prognosis.

土壤水分別 播種期와 窒素施肥方法이 율무의 光合成과 生育 및 엽고병에 미치는 影響

金容撤,李忠烈,崔仁洙,朴賢哲,金成萬,林銖三 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

In order to establish optimal seeding date and nitrogen fertilization of adlay in barley-dlay cropping system of south-eastern part of Korea, yield and its components of adlay grown under at 3 different seeding dates and 2 nitrogen fertilizations were compared and analyzed. In addition, edible nutriants of adlay grain were compared with rice and woheat, between upland and paddy cultivation, and among three cultivars. The results obtained are summarized as follow: 1.Heading date and maturity date was fasted later seeding date than early seeding. Days to heading was decreased as the seeding date was delayed. 2.Stem leagth, stem diameter and No. of tiller were increased irrigation than control(non-irrigation), and was decreased as the seeding date was delayed. 3.Top and root dry weight were increased moisture were decreased irrigation than control(non-irrigation), and was decreased as the seeding date was delayed. 4.Net photosynthetic rate was increased at treatment of irrigation. Key word : adlay, seeding daye, soil water content, photosynthesis, growth.

위 유문동 평활근세포의 Caffeine 활성화 전류에 미치는 Ascorbate의 효과

이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.4

In order to observe the effects of ascorbate on the background current in pyloric circular smooth muscle cells, caffeine of which action was fairly clarified, was used to induce the current systems. To block all of the known currents, various blocking agents were added in the external bathing solution. A part of pyloric circular muscle tissue was excised out, and enzymatic isolation technique was used to obtain Ca^2+ -tolerant single circular muscle cells. The whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. The results were as follows : 1. Ascorbate induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and quite a large increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Caffeine also induced similar results, but the magnitude of outward current was smaller than that of assorbate in the depolarized ranges. 3. These phenomena were disappeared by addition of the anion channel blocker. 4. Replacement of external NaCl with NMG·Cl was rarely affected the effects of ascorbate and and caffeine. But the effects of ascorbate and caffeine were almost abolished when sxternal Cl^- was substituted for aspartate. These results suggested that ascorbate affected chloride current which thought as a component of the background currents in the pyloric circular smooth muscle cells.

CFRP Sheet 감싸기로 구속된 원형 콘크리트 기둥의 보강효과에 관한 연구

박상렬,김문관,고광민,홍성룡 제주대학교 해양과환경연구소 2006 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.30 No.2

진해만 해성점토의 토질특성에 관한 연구

이광열,윤성현,홍진원,안용수 東西大學校 2001 동서논문집 Vol.7 No.-

This study presents the physical and mechanical characteristics of dredged clays from Jin-Hae costar area. Dredged clays generally used as a land reclamation materials for land use in the shoreline. Experimental studied were performed on the samples directly obtained from the field. The results of direct shear test, unconfined test and consolidation test were presented for variable water contents. From the study, it is indicated that the strength of soil is decreased as increase of water contents, and the strength is increased as time passing.