이상 문학과 신화

심상욱 ( Sang Wook Shim ) 세계문학비교학회 ( 구 한국세계문학비교학회 ) 2007 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Lee Sang(1910-1937) practiced paintings, novels, poems and essays, when Korea was a colonial country. Especially he participated Guinhoi(Nine Members Circle) discussing literary topics, which introduced to the Western modernism to Korea. As Bulfinch said that mythology is the handmaid of literature, the traditional myths form the backbone of the world literature. Creating his works I think Lee Sang used Sam Jog O(三足烏), a kind of mythic birds as the messenger living in the sun in the Oriental and Korean myth. It is similar to Phoenix in the Western myth, and when the young Phoenix has grown up and gained sufficient strength, it lifts its nest from the tree which is its own cradle and its parent`s sepulchre and deposits it in the temple of the sun. As Joyce` novels are the immediate example of the reinvestment of mythology in modernistic art at the colonial period of Ireland, through Guinhoi in the colonial period of Korea, Lee Sang interested in Joyce`s mythic narrative and in the process of writing he recognized a Korean traditional myth, Sam Jog O, the crow with three legs living in the sun. This myth was disappeared in the colonial period, however, it is refreshing now. At the colonial period Choi Nam-Sun researched the old Korean myth with Northern Asian and he asserted its importance. Like him Lee Sang also probably knew it. Kim Ki Rim, a Korean modernist, called him "Jupiter" of Greek-Roman myth in a poem of reconsidering Lee Sang. Through the above we know that Lee Sang composed his works by bird images in myths.

「街外街傳」과 「황무지」에 나타난 이상과 엘리엇의 제휴

심상욱(Shim Sang-wook) 韓國批評文學會 2011 批評文學 Vol.- No.39

이 논문은 이상 작품의 서구문학사조와의 관계에 초점을 맞춰 이상이 1936년에 발표한 「街外街傳」(가외가전)을 T. S. 엘리엇(T. S. Eliot)의 「황무지」(The Waste Land)와 비교하여 그 의미를 살펴보았다. 한국이 일본의 식민지로 있을 때 서구에서는 제임스 조이스가 ?율리시즈?를 창작하여 T.S. 엘리엇이 조이스의 작품이 신화기법으로 창작되었음을 밝혀 내 모더니즘의 중심과제로 등장해 있었다. 이러한 서구문학은 일본을 경유하여 유학파인 김기림, 정지용 등이 한국에 들여와 이상과 같은 한국 문인들에게 자극을 주었다. 엘리엇의 ‘신화기법’은 현대적인 것과 고대적인 것을 작품 속에 공존시킴으로서 흩어진 사건을 통합하는 방법이었지만, 이상은 한국의 신화와 동양사상에 대한 그의 지속적인 관심을 표현해 냈다. 이상은 식민지 치하에서 살지 않으면 안 되는 상황에서 편안한 대륙으로 암시된 고대 중국을 회상하면서 식민지 치하의 답답한 상황을 벗어나고자 하며, “손자(係子)도 탑재한 객차가 방을 피하나보다.”로 표현하여 중국을 원망하면서 한국의 삼족오 신화가 일본의 신화에 편입된 것을 일깨워 한국의 고유의 전통의식을 자극하고 있다. 엘리엇이 「황무지」에서 신화기법으로 현대문명의 위기를 그려낸 것처럼 이상은 「가외가전」에서 사라진 한국의 신화와 동양사상을 은유적으로 사용하여 한국의 식민지 상황을 그려냈다. 한국의 모더니즘을 주도했던 김기림이 이상을 한국의 ‘최후의 모더니스트’라고 지칭한 바와 같이 그의 ?가외가전?은 식민지 통치가 극에 달하고 있을 때 ‘서울의 모습’을 공개적으로는 말할 수 없어 ‘거리 밖의 이야기’로 그려낸 ‘폭로’적인 작품임을 알 수 있다. This paper is to examine an affiliation of Yi Sang and T. S. Eliot in Gawoigajeon(?街外街傳?) and The Waste Land written by them. For a Korean modernist Yi Sang, during the colonial period, potentially thought that the Korean myth had disappeared from Korean history into a Japanese myth caused by Japan’s colonial policy. He knew T. S. Eliot’s mythic narrative through Guinhoi and other sources. He became the last member of Guinhoi(九人會) and acted in various roles late in life. Through Guinhoi, he came to know a large amount of Western literary thoughts from abroad and created a variety of works, especially according to T. S. Eliot's mythic narrative explaining writing techniques of Joyce’s Ulysses. As Kim, Ki-rim called Yi Sang “Jupiter,” Kim, Yun-sik asked for researchers “Why did Kim, Ki-rim call him “Jupiter”? This question is very important to know Yi Sang, since both Kim, Ki-rim and Yi sang were Korean modernists in the1930s. I think it that both writers created their poems by Eliot’s mythic narrative technique. However, after Yi Sang’s death Kim Ki-rim called him Jupiter, the gratest god of the Greek-Roman myths. As we think of Yi Sang, we must consider Kim, Ki-rim’s The Weather Chart(氣象圖) written in 1935 with Yi Sang’s Gawoigajeon in 1936. ThoughKim was a pioneer for importing Western modernism in Korean Literature, Yi Sang was a representative practice writer written Gawoigajeon depicted the urbanSeoul by the Joycean mythic narrative in the colonial period.

Difference between Kim Munjip’s Mark Criticism and Ch’oe Chaeso’s ‘Realism’ on Yi Sang’s “Wings”

( Shim Sang-wook ),( Park Kyoon-cheol ) 한국일본어문학회 2016 日本語文學 Vol.68 No.-

이 논문은 이상의 「날개」를 분석한 재일한국인 김문집의 논문과 최재서의 논문의 차이점을 살폈다. 최재서는 경성제대(현재 서울대학교)에서 영문학을 전공하여 한국문단에 서구문학에 대한 논문을 발표하면서 한국 작가의 작품을 일본어로 번역하여 일본문단에 발표했다. 그 중 이상이 1936년에 발표한 「날개」에 대해 「리얼리즘의 심화와 확대」란 논문을 발표하여 오늘날까지도 한국의 리얼리즘 문학을 논할 때 반드시 읽어야 할 논문으로 이상의 작품을 독자들에게 알리는 시금석이 된 글이다. 김문집은 친일비평가로 일본작가들의 작품을 표준삼아 한국작가의 작품을 보다 낮게 평가하는 소위 ‘채점 비평’을 채용하여 작품을 평가했다. 그는 이상의 「날개를 59점으로 평가하여 동경문단에 발표했다. 이러한 내용을 알게 된 이상은 문우 김유정을 소재로 하여 창작한 「소설 김유정」에서 김문집을 ‘족보도 없는 비평가’라고 비하해 꼬집었다. 이것은 최재서가 서구의 리얼리즘론으로 이상의 작품을 평했던 반면에 김문집은 그러한 이론과는 거리가 먼 오직 일본의 문학경향을 좇아 한국문학을 평가했기 때문이다. 이와 같이 두 비평가의 글에서 볼 수 있듯이 연구자들은 비평에 앞서 제반 비평이론을 철저히 검증을 한 후 비평에 임해야 할 것이다. This article is to examine difference between Kim Munjip’s mark criticism and Ch’oe Chaeso’s realism on Yi Sang’s “Wings.” Yi wrote a novel related to his fellow Kim Youjeong as “A Novel Kim You Jeong” as a posthumous work in Chungsaekgi(1939). In the work he exposures Kim Munjip, Korean-Japanese critic, as ‘a critic without genealogical table’, after knowing Kim announced "Wings" as failed work in Tokyo literary community. In fact “Wings” was appreciated ‘well written work with realistic technique’ by Ch’oe Chaeo in Korea. By the way Kim Munjip made it the score 59 point below 60 point passing score by his mark criticism. Since each critic’s critical view is different, first of all, critics must have prudential and discreet on adjusting critical theory. What we can know here is Kim’s analysis of “Wings” is too narrow marked score according to his mark criticism, because his critical view is connected with Japan’s ideology and his submission to Japan’s rule, and after all he became a Korean-Japanese.

『十二月 十二日』 : 이상과 졸라와의 제휴

심상욱(Shim Sang-wook) 韓國批評文學會 2010 批評文學 Vol.- No.37

This paper is to examine the affiliation of Yi Sang’s Twelfth December and Emile Zola’s Experimental Novel by Edward W. Said’s Traveling Theory. Yi Sang wrote it with the main character ‘he’ as alta ego, Yi Sang himself. He dealt with the social background of 1920s in it. Naturalism in literature deals with the evil aspects of human life and is in varying degrees deterministic view. This current thought was affected to Yi Sang with various trends via Japan from Europe. The naturalistic writer uses the knowledge and attitudes of current science in his depiction of human life. He described a segment of human existence according to the laws of scientific causality. The writer analyzes his characters and their social situations as the effects proceeding from various combinations of physical, emotional, and environmental causes. After all man was a phenomenon caused by certain hereditary and environmental forces. As we read it by comparative literary theory we should read the work according to context. Consequently, we can understand Yi Sang wrote the social situation in December Twelfth with Zola’s limited determinism in the 1930s’ colonial situation in Korea.

조이스의 신화기법으로 본 이상의 『오감도(烏瞰圖)』: 삼족오 신화

심상욱 ( Sang Wook Shim ) 세계문학비교학회 ( 구 한국세계문학비교학회 ) 2006 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.16 No.-

"Ogamdo", which means map viewed from crow, written by Lee Sang is a Korean modernist poem. Although many scholars have studied this work, they haven`t explained completely contents of it. When Korea was occupied from Japan and was become a colonial country, Lee Sang practiced painting, first, and then wrote his works, that is, novels, poems, and essays. Then he was participated Guinhoi(Nine Members Meeting) with Kim Ki-rim, Jeong Ji-Yong, etc. to talk and discuss a literary topics included the western modernism and others. That time, I think, he recognized Korean traditional myth related to the three legs crow in the old Korean myth. In the old myth the crow has lived in the sun and given the human bing help. When Lee Sang had composed Ogamdo, he used it as symbols to explain the various preassure from Japan in the colonial period. And so I think he was interested in the western modernism related to James Joyce`s mythic narrative included T. S. Eliot, and when wrote works he used this method. Now Lee Sang`s works have been studied till deconstruction theory, and in this sense I think scholars must review Lee Sang`s works by postcolonial theory.

이상의『김유정』과 서구의 자연주의와의 관계

심상욱(Sang-wook Shim) 한국동서비교문학학회 2014 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.30

This paper is to examine Yi Sang’s “Kim You Jeong” in terms of Western naturalism, since Yi Sang, as an experimental writer, wrote the graduated album’s memo, ‘exposure’, a theme of naturalism, focused on ‘a discovery rather than an invention’ in 1928. His ‘exposure’, found in Western naturalism, especially American naturalism, is the origin of his works. It is certain that naturalism is a deceptive term, which is not fixed meaning. He wrote the real description using a scientific method which is affinity to science. Western naturalists took a definite concept of man which aimed to express in the writing the scientific thought in literature. Korean scholars in 1930s didn’t drew a sharp line between realism and naturalism like Western scholars, and so, Choi Jai Suh wrote Yi Sang’s works as ‘more deepening and expending than realistic method.’ According to the above, we can say Yi Sang wrote his works with more naturalism than realism.

Evaluation of Hot Deformation and Dynamic Recrystallization Behaviors of Advanced Reduced-Activated Alloy (ARAA)

Sang‑Wook Kim,Hyeon‑Woo Son,Taek‑Kyun Jung,Young‑Bum Chun,Yi‑Hyun Park,Ji‑Woon Lee,Soong‑Keun Hyun 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

The hot deformation behavior of advanced reduced-activation alloy (ARAA) was investigated using hot torsion tests. Thefl ow stress decreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The fl ow behavior demonstratedthe typical dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Based on the constitutive analysis of peak stress, the activation energy for hotdeformation was found to be 330.3 kJ mol −1 . Peak stress was analyzed as a function of the Zener–Hollomon parameter, andcalculated and experimental values were in good agreement. A DRX kinetic model for ARAA was derived with deformationconditions based on the Avrami-type model. It was confi rmed that the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grainsincreased as deformation temperature increased and as strain rate decreased. The necklace structure and grain boundarybulging were observed in the deformed microstructure of ARAA. The suggested DRX mechanism for ARAA during hotworking is discontinuous DRX.

플라즈마 표지소자의 제작

이상윤,라병욱,박동수,황인헌,이덕동,신영남,박성배,이동욱,박용석,박형근,손상호,권태근,채경락,정경득 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1986 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

An Ac-type Plasma Display Panel (PDP) operating with Ne-Ar(0.1%) Penning mixture gas is fabicated. The characterics of the panel with electrodes covered with thin and thick dielectric layers are studied. The brightness of the Neon-orange light emitted by the panel measured as function of applied voltage and frequency. As an application, a graphic display system equipped with PDP showing still and moving pictures is made.

방사선 조사를 받은 두경부 병소의 재건을 위한 유리피판술

채수욱,고경석,김주봉,박상훈,한상훈,이택종,남순열,김상윤 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

Radiation therapy is an effective cancer treatment modality as a primary treatment in early cancer and as an adjuvant treatment in advanced cancer, especially in head and neck lesions, but it also causes irreversible chronic damages to overlying normal tissues that may lead to wound complications. As well, at the microscopic level, radiation injury causes both stasis and occlusion of small vessels. Therefore, surgical reconstruction of previously-irradiated lesions in the head and neck poses a great problem. Fifth-six patients with head and neck lesions underwent 57 microsurgical reconstructions between 1990-1998. Thirteen patients were irradiated before surgery. The previous radiation dose was 30∼75.6 Gy. The free tissue transfer was successful in 52 of the 57 microsurgical reconstructions(91.2%). The success rate was 92.3%(12/13) in previously-irradiated patients and 90.9%(40/44) in nonirradiated patients. Postoperative complications, such as flap loss, fistula, and infection, developed in 4 irradiated patients and 8 nonirradiated patients. Overall complication rate was 30.8%(4/13) in previously-irradiated patients and 18.2%(8/44) in nonirradiated patients. Although the failure rate of previously-irradiated patients was higher than that of nonirradiated patients, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Thus, free tissue transfers in patients with previously-irradiated head and neck lesions are suitable for one-stage reconstruction.

Classification of Product Knowledge : A Conceptual Discussion

Yoon, Sung-Wook,Lisa L. Scribner 東亞大學校 經營大學 2004 經營硏究 Vol.- No.17

Subjective product knowledge is now a new construct, but in fact has been defined and measured in a plethora of ways. Existing subjective knowledge measures range from a single item (Peracchio and Tybout 1996) to multi-item scales (Flynn and Goldsmith 1999). Regardless of whether the instruments use single or multiple indicators, they simply measure consumers' overall subjective knowledge and treat the construct as unidimensional. As previously discussed, consumer product knowledge is a multidimensional construct (Alba and Hutchinson 1987; Biswas and Sherrell 1993). This multidimensionality should not be confined to measuring objective knowledge. In other words, it equally applies to subjective knowledge. Throughout this paper it was pointed out discrepancies in findings (e.g., relationship between knowledge and search) that are mainly due to the dearth of valid, multidimensional instruments. Unfortunately, such a scale does not exist. Therefore, future research should develop a scale that captures multidimensional aspects of consumer knowledge. Theory-driven, multidimensional subjective knowledge scales should prove useful to marketing practitioners as well. An essential in consumer-oriented markets is understanding the consumer. Part of understanding consumers is understanding how much they know. For instance, a marketer of a new, highly technological product can administer a multidimensional subjective project knowledge scale to learn about the perceived knowledge distribution of his target market. If it is discovered that the target market is largely comprised of novices, the marketer may want to educate the potential consumers in terms of the terminology associated with the product, the product's attributes, the purchasing procedures, and the different uses for the product. Promotional campaigns can be orientated accordingly. If educating the consumer is not of concern, then the marketer may want to place more emphasis on peripheral cues in advertising. A marketer may find him/herself in the situation where most of the target market for his/her product is high on the knowledge continuum. This marketer, for example, will experience more liberties in terms of terminology of message arguments.