중학교 과학과 수업 개선을 위한 학급수업과정 분석

박행신,정충덕,오홍식,노인화 濟州大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1992 科學敎育 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find ways for the improvement of science instruction by describing and analyzing the schooling process in the class-room of the middle school through the participant observation. Four differ-ent middle schools and four different science teachers were selected. And intensive participant observations were made about total 18 hours' school-ing process concerned to the instruction of ' Photosynthesis' and 'Digestion' which are two units in the science textbook of the middle school. The documentary records of the results of field research on schooling the classroom were made. On the basis of these data analytical diagrams of each hour's schooling process were made and each teacher's teaching type, instrucion process type and teaching method about the same teaching contents were comparatively analyzed. Through this analysis, the following conclusions could be obtained. 1. Teaching type was divided largely into two different kinds, such as laboratory lessons in the laboratory and lecture lessons in the classroom. Laboratory lessons were conspicuously grouping lessons, and the lessons in the classroom were lecture lessons practiced by the lead of the teacher. 2. Instrucion process model stood out as an 'Inquiring Model' in the the-oritical model in case of laboratory grouping lessons, that is, in which 'inquiry learning process' was dominant, and stood out as 'Concept Model' explained by the teacher or 'Discovery Model' by suggesting teaching materials in case of lecture lessons. 3. Teaching method, even in case of the same teaching contents, showed various styles according to the different teachers. such as structur-izing lesson, providing instructional cues, questioning and reacting to stu-dents 'response, explanation and writing on the blackboard, student con-trol in class. But in case of the' same teacher the same styles were found in suggesting teaching aims, teaching arrangements, turning over in teach-ing. explanation and writing on the blackboard, of every class hour. 4. In order to make a qualitative improvement for the science instruc-tion, the inquiring instruction process, that is the greatest aim of science education, should necessarily be practiced in each class, and through this teaching process the present limits of science instruction should be over come. Therefore, the exploring attitude of each teachers own to renew the instruction stratege, Comparing the existing instruction process model, and teaching methods of individual teacher's, is thought to be nessessary. For this, through the teacher's training program or the teacher's retrain-ing course, the various ways to improve the science instruction quality should be provided by using ethnographic data on schooling as a tool for the indirect experience about other's schooling process.

로자탄 대 포시노프릴의 고혈압 환자들에서 항고혈압 효과, 안전성 및 내약성의 비교

박대균,이명묵,채인호,이무용,이홍자,김효수,김철호,손대원,오병희,박영배,최윤식 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.1

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 Voglibose와 Acarbose의 비교임상연구

정인경,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원,정윤이,박중열,홍성관,이기업 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.26 No.2

연구배경:아카보스와 보글리보스는 ­glucosidase inhibitors로써 비록 약리학적 작용이나 부작용에 있어서 두 약물간에 차이가 있다는 것은 잘 알려져 있으나 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 아직 이에 대한 두 약물간에 직접적인 비교에 대해 연구된 바는 없었다. 이에 저자등은 국내 2형 당뇨병 환자에 대해 유효성과 부작용 발현에 대해 두 약제를 비교하고자 무작위법에 의한 위약 대조군의 이중 맹검법 연구를 시행하였다. 방법:시험 약제 투여 4주간의 관찰기를 설정하여 공복혈당의 변화가 30㎎/dL 이하이고, 식후 혈당이 200㎎/dL 이상인 환자로 기타 제외 기준에 해당하지 않은 환자 53명을 대상으로 하여 보글리보스 군(24명)과 아카보스 군(29명)으로 무작위로 나누었다. 치료기간은 총 8주로 하였으며, 4주간 간격으로 혈청학적 검사와 부작용을 분석하여 치료 효과가 부작용을 평가하였다. 결과:1)혈당 변화:보글리보스군은 식후 1시간 혈당이 치료 후 4주, 8주째 의미 있게 감소하였도, 아카보스군은 식후 1시간과 2시간 혈당이 치료 후 4주, 8주째 의미있게 감소하였다. 또한 관찰기 혈당에 대한 치료 4주째 감소량은 아카보스군에서 더 큰 경향을 보였으나, 치료 8주째에는 두 군 간의 강하정도에 의미있는 차이가 없었다(p=0.569). 2)인슐린 치의 변화:보글리스 군은 식후 1시간 인슐린 치가 치료 전에 비해 치료 4주, 8주째 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 공복 인슐린이나 식후 2시간 인슐린치는 치료전 후에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 아카보스군에서는 치료 전후로 공복 인슐린, 식후 1시간과 2시간 인슐린치에 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 두약제 간에 치료 전과 치료 8주사이의 식후 2시간 인슐린의 감소량이 보글리보스 군에서 의미있게 높았다(p=0.040). 3)당화혈색소:보글리보스 군은 치료 전에 비해 치료후 당화혈색소가 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 아카보스군은 치료 전에 비해 의미있게 감소하였다. 당화혈색소 변화량은 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.412). 4)지질대사의 변화:중성지방, 콜레스테롤, 고밀도 진단백 콜레스테롤에 대해 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 5)부작용:소화기계 부작용의 빈도는 치료 4주째 보글리보스 군에서 의미 있게 낮았으나(p=0.028), 치료 8주째 부작용의 빈도는 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다(p=0.215). 결론:2형 당뇨병 환자에서 보글리보스와 아카보스의 두 약제의 임상적 유효성과 부작용발현에 대해 비교한 결과 치료 후 8 주 후 혈당강화효과는 두 약제간에 유사한 효과를 보였으나 보글리보스군에서 4주째의 초기 위장관 부작용이 적었다. Background : Acarbose and voglibose are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Although different pharmacological effects and adverse abdominal events associated with the two drugs have been reported, no study directly compared acarbose and voglibose in diabetes has been undertaken. To compare the pharmacological effects and gastrointestinal adverse events between two drugs, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-bind study was performed in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods : The period of study was 12 weeks(observation period: 4 weeks; treatment period: 8 weeks). Fifty-three patients were randomized into two groups(the acarbose group: 24 patients; the voglibose group: 29 patients). The serum glucose, insulin, fructosamine, HbA_1c, cholesterol, triglyceride and the incidence of adverse events were measured. Results : 1) The reduction of glucose from before treatment to 4 weeks after treatment was significantly higher in the acarbose group, but the change before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment in the two groups was similar(p=0.569). 2) The insulin significantly decreased after voglibose treatment(p=0.040). 3) HbAa_1c level tended to decrease in voglibose group, and there was a significant decrease after acarbose treatment. However, the change in HbA_1c level before and after treatment was similar between the two groups(p=0.412). 4) The two drugs did not cause any other changes in the total, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. 5) The number of patients with gastrointestinal adverse events was significantly low 4 weeks after voglibose treatment (p=0.049), but the incidence in the two groups was similar after 8 weeks(p=0.215). Conclusions : Acarbose and voglibose significantly improved postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes. The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was low 4 weeks after voglibose treatment(J Kor Diabetes 26:134~145, 2002).

제주도의 주요 습지에 도래하는 도요·물떼새류의 현황

오홍식,임인추,김병수,김완병,박행신 경희대학교 한국조류연구소 2002 연구보고 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구는 제주도 주요 습지에 도래하는 도요ㆍ물떼새류의 지소적인 연구의 일환으로, 1998년 3월부터 2000년 2월까지 2년간 매월 2회씩, 1) 동부지역(하도리 양어장, 종달리 해안 및 성산포 양어장)과, 2)서부지역(용수리 저수지, 금등리 해안 및 대정읍 일과리 해안)으로 나누어 조사하였다. 조사기간 중 2개 지역에서 관찰된 도요ㆍ물떼새류는 총 45종 5,117개체였으며, 지역별로는 동부지역에서 40종 4,910개체, 서부지역에서 38종 927개체로 나타났다. 계절별로는 봄철 2,821개체, 가을철 1,229개체로 봄철에 도래하는 개체수가 가을철보다 많았다. 우점종은 제1차 조사기간인 봄철에는 민물도요 Calidris alpina 2,024개체(88.5%), 흰물떼새 Charadrius alexandrinus 84개체(3.7%), 흰목물떼새 Charadrius placidus 11개체(2.4%)의 순으로 나타났으며, 가을철에도 민물도요 384개체(82.9%), 흰물떼새 20개체(4.3%), 흰목물떼새 11개체(2.4%)의 순으로 나타났다. 제2차 조사기간에는 봄철에 좀도요 Calidria ruficollis 116개체(21.8%), 민물도요 67개체(12.6%), 청다리도요 Tringa nebularia 58개체(10.9%)의 순으로, 가을철에는 민물도요 191개체(24.9%), 노랑발도요 T. brevipes 156개체(20.4%), 삑삑도요 T. ochropus 104개체(13.6%)의 순으로 나타났다. 동부지역은 서부지역에 비하여 우점도는 높았으나, 종다양도와 균등도는 낮게 나타났다. 동부지역과 서부지역간의 유사도는 0.85였다. 본 연구를 통해 물꿩 Hydrophasianus chirurgus, 검은머리물떼새 Haematopus ostralegus, 바늘꼬리도요 Gallinago stenura, 흰꼬리좀도요 Calidrius temminckii 등 4종의 제주도 미기록종과, 검은머리물떼새, 흰목물떼새, 넓적부리도요 Eurynorhynchus pygmeus, 알락꼬리마도요 Numenius madagascariensis 등 3종의 환경부 지정 보호조류가 관찰되었다. This study was part of a continuous research project on the status of migrating shorebirds on major wetlands in Cheju Island. This study was conducted twice every month for two years, from March 1998 to February 2000. The investigated location are mainly two areas. The first census areas were Hado-ri fishfarm and the coast of Jongdal-ri in Kujaw-up and Sungsan-po fishfarm in Sungsan-up, all located in the eastern part of Cheju Island. The second census areas were Yongsu-ri reservoir and the coast of Kumdung-ri in Hangyoung-myon and the coast of Ilgwa-ri in Dejong-up, all located in the western part of Cheju Island. In total, 45 species consisting 5,117 individuals were observed during the census period. There were 40 species and 4,910 individuals in the eastern area, 38 species and 927 individuals in the western area. The number of individuals of shorebirds in the spring migratory season was greater than in the autumn. The dominant species researched during the first census period were 2,024 individuals of Calidrius alpina (88.5%), 84 individuals of Charadrius alexandrinus (3.7%), 59 individuals of Charadrius placidus (2.6%) in spring and 384 individuals of Calidrius alpina (82.9%), 20 individuals of Charadrius alexandrinus (4.3%), 11 individuals of Charadrius placidus (2.4%) in autumn. The dominant species researched during the second census period were 116 individuals of Calidrius ruficolis (21.8%), 67 individuals of Calidrius alpina (12.6%), 58 individuals of Tringa nebularia (10.9%) in spring and 191 individuals of Calidrius alpina (24.9%), 156 individuals of Tringa brebipes (20.4%), 104 individuals of Tringa ochropus (13.6%) in autumn. Dominance index were recorded better in the eastern area than the western area, but species diversity and evenness index were recorded lower in the eastern area than the western area. Similarity index were 0.85 between the eastern area and the western area. Hydrophasianus chirurgus, Haematopus ostralegus, Gallinago stenura and Calidrius temminuckii, which are observed during the census period are previously unrecorded species on Cheju Island. Rare and endangered species were observed such as Haematopus ostralegus, Charadrius placidus, Numenius madagascariensis, and Eurynorhynchus pygmeus.

The Implication of Cardiac Injury Score on In-hospital Mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Kim In-Cheol,Song Jin Eun,Lee Hee Jung,Park Jeong-Ho,Hyun Miri,Lee Ji Yeon,Kim Hyun Ah,Kwon Yong Shik,Park Jae Seok,윤종찬,Hwang Jongmin,Lee Cheol Hyun,Cho Yun-Kyeong,Park Hyoung-Seob,Yoon Hyuck-Jun,Nam 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.39

Backgrounds: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. Cardiac injury after SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major concern. The present study investigated impact of the biomarkers indicating cardiac injury in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients' outcomes. Methods: This study enrolled patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 and admitted at a tertiary university referral hospital between February 19, 2020 and March 15, 2020. Cardiac injury was defined as an abnormality in one of the following result markers: 1) myocardial damage marker (creatine kinase-MB or troponin-I), 2) heart failure marker (N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide), and 3) electrical abnormality marker (electrocardiography). The relationship between each cardiac injury marker and mortality was evaluated. Survival analysis of mortality according to the scoring by numbers of cardiac injury markers was also performed. Results: A total of 38 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. Twenty-two patients (57.9%) had at least one of cardiac injury markers. The patients with cardiac injuries were older (69.6 ± 14.9 vs. 58.6 ± 13.9 years old, P = 0.026), and were more male (59.1% vs. 18.8%, P = 0.013). They showed lower initial oxygen saturation (92.8 vs. 97.1%, P = 0.002) and a trend toward higher mortality (27.3 vs. 6.3%, P = 0.099). The increased number of cardiac injury markers was significantly related to a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality which was also evidenced by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P = 0.008). Conclusion: The increased number of cardiac injury markers is related to in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.

하지 절단자 보행의 운동역학적 분석

임규찬,박윤서,배성제,정철수,신인식,김복영 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the gait pattern in an amputee for the purpose of improving the proper gait posture and designing the prosthetic. The subjects were six males amputees and one normal person. The ground reaction force was measured using AMTI force platform. The conclusions were as follows; 1. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force was revealed in specific figure according to position in which they used the prosthetic, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed in the figure of two humps in regard of vertical axis. 2. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force in time between fight foot contact and left foot contact was deviated from a figure of rectangle, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed in the figure of rectangle. 3. In case of amputee group, the ground reaction force referred to both feet angle point of view was revealed in irregular figure, whereas in case of normal person the ground reaction force was revealed about 47。

Benzodiazepinone과 1,5-Benzodiazepine 유도체의 합성 연구

정대일,이용균,박유미,최태원,정일수,김인식,김윤영 東亞大學校 1997 東亞論叢 Vol.34 No.-

The reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acrylic acid 11 in the presencce of P₂O5+H₃PO₄afforded benzodiazepinone 13 and pyridobenzodiazepinono 17. The reactions of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acrylic acid 11 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂afforded only benzodiazepinone 13. But the reaction of O-phenylenediamine 5 with acrylic acid 11 in the presence of acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 or acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 and PPA or acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 and SiO₂was respectively synthesized 2,4,4,-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1.5-benzodi-azepine 23 as new cyclic imine compound. We propose that formation of 2-(2`-imine)propyI-N-isopropylidene aniline proceed though 2-amino, N-isopropylidene aniline intermediate C and 2-(N-a-methylethyI) amino, N-isopropylidene aniline intermediate G. The reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acetonedicarboxylic acid 18 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂or HCI gave 2,4,4-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 23. Using acetone 19 instead of acetonedicarboxylic acid 18, the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂or acrylic acid 11 was synthesized 2,4,4-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 23 as same product. And also the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with acetone 19 and acrylic 11 in the presence of PPA or SiO₂was obtained 2,4,4-trimethyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 23. In case of acetophenone 21 in stead of acceton 19, the reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 in presence of PPA or SiO₂at 40~45℃ were obtained 2,4-diphenyI-4methyI-3H-5-hydro-1,5-benzodiazepine 24. The reaction of o-phenylenediamine 5 with crotonic acid 25 in the presence of PPA or P₂O5+H₃PO₄or SiO₂at 100~110℃ afforded respectively 4-methybenzodiazepinone 26 as 1:1 cycloadduct.

한국인에서 혈소판 당단백 Ⅲa 유전자 다형성과 급성 관동맥 증후군의 관계

김광일,채인호,김효수,손대원,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.5

제주도의 주요 습지에 도래하는 도요ㆍ물떼새류의 현황

김완병,오흥식,박행신,임인추 제주대학교 생명과학연구소 1999 제주생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

This study was part of a continuous research project on the status of waterbirds on major wetlands on Cheju Island. This study was researched twice each month for two years, from March 1997 to February 1999. In total, 29 species consisting of 4,887 individual birds were observed. The number of individuals of shorebirds was greater in the spring migratory season than in the autumn - in 1997, 131 birds in the spring, 104 birds in the autumn and in 1998, 2,453 birds in the spring, 635 birds in the autumn Pheasant-tailed Jacana, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Pintail Snipe and Temminck's Stint observed at the Hado-ri or Sungsan-po fishfarm are the first recordes on Cheju Island, Korea. Rare and endangered species were observed such as Eurasian Oystercatcher, Long-billed Plover, Far Eastern Curlew, and Spoon-billed Sandpiper. This survey area used for a suitable roosting and feeding place by many shorebirds. Thus, there is a need of critical plans for the conservation and management of shorebirds migrating in this area.

노인 환자에서 경피적 관동맥 중재술 후 조영제 유발 신부전의 발생률, 위험인자와 임상적 의의

김광일,배장환,강현재,채인호,김효수,손대원,김철호,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식 대한노인병학회 2004 대한노인병학회지 Vol.8 No.1