Hairy Root Cultures of Taxus cuspidata for Enhanced Production of Paclitaxel

Jung A Kim,백광현,Young Mi Son,Sung Ho Son,Heungsop Shin 한국응용생명화학회 2009 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.52 No.2

Hairy root cultures were established by transforming seedlings of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. Et Zucc (Korean yew) using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Initially, 107 lines of hairy roots were induced by infection with 3 strains of Agrobacterium (R1000, A4, and 15384), however, only three lines generated from the R1000 strain were stably grown on hormone-free media over 10 months of successive cultures. These lines were designated as RC11104, RC11105 and RC11106. The hairy root line RC 11106 was selected for further experiments for taxol production based on its growth properties. Upon methyl jasmonate treatment, the RC11106 line accumulated 52.5 mg/L of taxol over 2 weeks of incubation at a 20-L culture scale.

Hairy Root Cultures of Taxus cuspidata for Enhanced Production of Paclitaxel

Kim, Jung-A,Baek, Kwang-Hyun,Son, Young-Mi,Son, Sung-Ho,Shin, Heung-Sop The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2009 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.52 No.2

Hairy root cultures were established by transforming seedlings of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. Et Zucc (Korean yew) using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Initially, 107 lines of hairy roots were induced by infection with 3 strains of Agrobacterium (R1000, A4, and 15384), however, only three lines generated from the R1000 strain were stably grown on hormone-free media over 10 months of successive cultures. These lines were designated as RC11104, RC11105 and RC11106. The hairy root line RC 11106 was selected for further experiments for taxol production based on its growth properties. Upon methyl jasmonate treatment, the RC11106 line accumulated 52.5 mg/L of taxol over 2 weeks of incubation at a 20-L culture scale.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Plays a Pivotal Role in Neuroinflammation by Modulating TNF-α Activation

Lee, Eun-Jung,Han, Jeong Eun,Woo, Moon-Sook,Shin, Jin A.,Park, Eun-Mi,Kang, Jihee Lee,Moon, Pyong Gon,Baek, Moon-Chang,Son, Woo-Sung,Ko, Young Tag,Choi, Ji Woong,Kim, Hee-Sun The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2014 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.193 No.5

<P>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in normal brain development and synaptic plasticity, although aberrant expression of MMPs leads to brain damage, including blood–brain barrier disruption, inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal cell death. In this article, we report that MMP-8 is upregulated in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and primary cultured microglia, and treatment of MMP-8 inhibitor (M8I) or MMP-8 short hairpin RNA suppresses proinflammatory molecules, particularly TNF-α secretion. Subsequent experiments showed that MMP-8 exhibits TNF-α–converting enzyme (TACE) activity by cleaving the prodomain of TNF-α (A<SUP>74</SUP>/Q<SUP>75</SUP>, A<SUP>76</SUP>/V<SUP>77</SUP> residues) and, furthermore, that M8I inhibits TACE activity more efficiently than TAPI-0, a general TACE inhibitor. Biochemical analysis of the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms of M8I revealed that it inhibits MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB/AP-1 activity, and reactive oxygen species production. Further support for the proinflammatory role of microglial MMP-8 was obtained from an in vivo animal model of neuroinflammatory disorder. MMP-8 is upregulated in septic conditions, particularly in microglia. Administration of M8I or MMP-8 short hairpin RNA significantly inhibits microglial activation and expression/secretion of TNF-α in brain tissue, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid of LPS-induced septic mice. These results demonstrate that MMP-8 critically mediates microglial activation by modulating TNF-α activity, which may explain neuroinflammation in septic mouse brain.</P>

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

교대근무가 자동차 공장 근로자들의 건강상태, 가족 및 사회생활에 미치는 영향

백도명,손미아,전형준,김용철,조은연,김지용 大韓産業醫學會 1998 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.10 No.4

Effect of shift work on worker's health, family and social life was investigated at a automobile manufacturing plant in Inchon. In total, 2488 shift workers and 599 non-shift workers completed self administered questionnaire in their sleep pattern, subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, prevalent chronic disease status, general well-being schedule, family and social life. More shift workers complained of sleep disturbance, poor sleep quality, tiredness at awakening, and sleepiness in work than non-shift workers. More shift workers also complained of gastrointestinal disturbance than non-shift workers. Worker's mental health was assessed by General Well-Being Schedule(GWB) questionnaire developed for the U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(HANES I). The percentage of severely distressed shift workers was significantly higher than that of non-shift workers(P<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being, vitality, and general health subscale of shift workers were lower than those of non-shift workers(P<0.05). In terms of family and social life, there was no significant difference between two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done for discrete variables which showed statistically significant difference between shift and non-shift group. The variables included in analysis were sleep disturbance symptoms, gastrointestinal complaints, and distress level calculated from GWB score. Age, tenure, smoking, alcohol. drinking, and exercise were adjusted as confounding factors and odds ratios for above symptoms due to shift work were calculated. Odds ratios(ORs) for sleep disturbance symptoms ranged from 0.52 to 3.59. ORs for gastrointestinal complaints ranged from 1.19 to 1.34 OR for distress level was 1.31. We concluded that shift workers are suffered from physical and psychological ailments due to shift work and interventional methods for preventing worker's health from adverse effects of shift work are needed.

우리나라 일부 석면사업장의 석면폐 유병률

백도명,백남원,최정근,손미아,임정기,이원진,문영한,박정선,최병순 大韓産業醫學會 1995 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Asbestos industry has been in operation over 60 years in Korea. However, the prevalence of asbestosis has not been yet reported. With rapid turn-over of workers, previous cross-sectional studies of current workers on the job could not find cases with exposures long enough for the development of asbestosis. This study was done to evaluate asbestosis prevalence of those worksites with operation history of more than 20 years. In total, 139 workers from 5 worksites were examined. Asbestos industries covered in the study include 2 asbestos textile, 1 brake lining, and 2 ship repairing worksites. Chest x-ray was taken from all workers and read by two experts familiar with pneumoconiosis classification according to 1980 ILO guidelines. Those with findings compatible with asbestosis were further ckecked with high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT). Pulmonary function tests were done according to ATS guidelines, and occupational and previous medical history was taken through a standardized interview. Air-borne asbestos was measured according to NIOSH method 7400. The air-borne asbestos concentrations ranged from 0.2-1.3 f/cc for asbestos textile, from 0.7-1.0 f/cc for brake lining, and from 6.3-7.8 f/cc during asbestos removal at ship repairing worksite. Of the 139 workers 25 had abnormal chest radiographic findings, and 10 of them had findings compatible with pneumoconiosis. When work history and current asbestos measurements were accounted, 9 workers who had more than 10 years of asbestos exposure history showed chest radiographic findings of pneumoconiosis with Finally, 4 workers showed finding of pulmonary fibrosis and/or pleural thickening at HRCT, and 2 of them had restrictive lung function changes. The study results showed that, among 139 subjects, there were 4(3%) definite asbestosis cases confirmed with HRCT. The prevalence of probable asbestosis was 7% for 10-14 years of exposure, 13% for 15-19 years of exposure, and 23% for 20 or more years of exposure. The prevalence of compensable asbestosis with abnormal lung function was 4-6% for those with 15 or more years of exposure.

저비용 개방형 Microcontroller를 사용한 온실 환경 측정 시스템 개발

차미경(Mi-Kyung Cha),전윤아(Youn A Jeon),손정익(Jung Eek Son),정선옥(Sun-Ok Chung),조영열(Young-Yeol Cho) 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.6

환경요인에 대한 계속적인 모니터링은 농민들에게 온실에서 생육한 작물의 품질과 생산성을 개선할 수 있는 유용한 정보를 제공해 줄 것이다. 이 연구의 목적은 개방형의 저비용 microcontroller를 사용하여 온실 환경 계측 시스템을 개발하기 위함이다. 측정하기 위한 온실 환경 요인들은 대기 온도, 상대습도와 이산화탄소 등이다. 온도, 상대습도와 이산화탄소 농도 측정범위는 40~120℃, 0~100%와 0-10,000 ppm이다. 온실 환경 자료를 실시간으로 모니터링하기 위해 128x64 그래픽 LCD을 사용하였다. 컴퓨터와 통신하기 위해 USB 인터페이스를 구성한 아두이노 Uno R3는 6개의 아날로그 입력과 14개의 디지털 입출력 핀으로 구성되어 있다. 온도/습도 센서는 디지털 핀 2번과 3번에 연결하였다. 이산화탄소 센서는 디지털 핀 12번과 13번에 연결하였다. LCD는 디지털 1번(TX)에 연결하였다. 스케치는 아두이노 프로그램 (IDE)로 프로그래밍하였다. 아두이노 보드, 센서 및 액세서리 등을 포함한 측정 시스템은 저비용(총 244$)으로 개발되었다. 벤로형 온실에서 환경 요인들은 문제없이 잘 측정되었다. 우리는 개방형 소프트웨어를 사용한 저비용 microcontroller가 우리 나라의 대부분의 면적을 차지하는 비닐 온실의 대기 환경을 측정하기 위해서 유용하게 사용되리라 예상할 수 있었다. Continuous monitoring of environmental parameters provides farmers with useful information, which can improve the quality and productivity of crops grown in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to develop a greenhouse environment measurement system using a low-cost microcontroller with open-source software. Greenhouse environment parameters measured were air temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration. The ranges of the temperature, relative humidity, and CO₂ concentration were -40 to 120℃, 0 to 100%, and 0 to 10,000 ppm, respectively. A 128 x 64 graphic LCD display was used for real-time monitoring of the greenhouse environments. An Arduino Uno R3 consisted of a USB interface for communicating with a computer, 6 analog inputs, and 14 digital input/output pins. A temperature/relative humidity sensor was connected to digital pins 2 and 3. A CO₂ sensor was connected to digital pins 12 and 13. The LCD was connected to digital pin 1 (TX). The sketches were programmed with the Arduino Software (IDE). A measurement system including the Arduino board, sensors, and accessories was developed (totaling $244). Data for the environmental parameters in a venlo-type greenhouse were obtained using this system without any problems. We expect that the low-cost microcontroller using open-source software can be used for monitoring the environments of plastic greenhouses in Korea.

웹 기반 과학연재프로그램을 영어로 진행한 수업 사례 분석

이향미(Lee, Hyang-mi),반은기(Ban, Eun-ki),손연아(Son, Yeon-a),최돈형(Choi, Don-hyung),강경희(Kang, Kyung-hee) 한국영재교육학회 2009 영재와 영재교육 Vol.8 No.3

영재는 내적 동기 및 배우려는 의지와 능력이 일반 학생들과 다르므로 교육과정뿐만 아니라 수업내용면에도 차별화가 필요하며, 글로벌 국제 사회에서 경쟁력을 갖추기 위해서는 영어 활용 능력이 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구는 버클리대학교에서 제공하는 웹기반 프로그램(wise.berkeley.edu)을 활용하여 개발한 ‘영어로 진행하는 과학영재프로그램’을 실제 중학교 과학영재 수업에 적용하고 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 질적분석 결과, 다양한 연구방법, 구체적인 자료로 패턴과 원리를 발견하여 산출물을 생산, 토론하는 기회가 제공되었다. 학생들은 온라인상에서의 1차 토론으로 신중한 언어사용, 웹서치 병행으로 영어에 대한 부담감 감소, 전문적인 과학용어를 습득하였고 교사는 외국의 우수한 자료 수집, 수평적 분위기 조성에 효과적이라고 분석되었다. 사전․사후 검사를 통하여 학생들은 자료해석 능력과, 논리적 결론도출 능력이 향상되었다. 양적분석 결과, ‘교육내용’ 영역은 평균 3.40(SD=.65), ‘교수·학습방법’ 영역은 평균 3.45(SD=.65), ‘평가 및 학생 산출물’ 영역은 평균 3.66(SD=.64), ‘학습 환경’ 영역은 평균 3.16(SD=.61)으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 영재 교수․학습 이론을 바탕으로 한 WSGEE 교수․학습 모형을 적용하여 학생들의 학습요구를 충족하는 학습자 중심의 프로그램을 운영하여야 하며 교사는 수업 전 수업에 필요한 과학용어 Key를 추출하여 준비하는 등 일반 수업과 차별화가 필요하고 과제 연구를 위한 팀 구성 시 일반수업과 달리 영어수준, 과학지식 수준, PPT 제작 능력 뿐 아니라 소신을 가지고 자신의 의견을 발표할 수 있는 자신감 등의 정의적 영역도 고려해야 한다. 마지막으로 지원체제 차원에서 학교와 교육청은 영어로 진행하는 과학영재수업에 필요한 제반 사항을 지원해야 한다. The gifted are different from ordinary students in terms of inner motives, skills, and the intention to learn, which requires them to have different study curriculums and contents. Furthermore, for competitiveness in the International global society, the use of English is necessary. There upon this reason, “WSGEE: Web-based Science gifted education in English” was applied to a real junior gifted class, to examine the effects of it. The class was performed on a web-based program provided by Berkeley University(wise.berkeley.edu). Class observations and analysis, teacher and student interviews and before and after class evaluation’s qualitative methods and understanding on quantitative methods were also performed all together to analyze the class. The qualitative research resulted that, students applied their research on class topics in diverse ways. Also, through specific data, students discovered patterns and principles by themselves which organized production and provided the opportunities to discuss it with it together. In addition, after interviewing with the students, we cautiously determined the online discussion and web search in English have increased the use of English vocabulary and decreased the burdens of English to students. Also by gathering files, it was analyzed that students became much more familiar with using professional scientific words. Moreover, after interviewing the teachers, it showed that when the web-based was proceeded in English, it was easier to collect data on foreign countries and assisting horizontal atmosphere, was more efficient due to student’s expressing their positive views in English. Lastly, the before and after class evaluation resulted, students ability to translate the after class subjects have improved. Students also could logically explain the reasons and importance of scientific concepts that were learned in class. Contents resulted in the average of 3.40(SD=.65). Instructions and learning methods averaged to be 3.45(SD=.65). Evaluation and production averages came out to be 3.66(SD=.64) and finally, the average for learning environment was shown to be 3.16(SD=.61). We concluded as follows. We need to apply the teachings of WSGEE to our teachings as models, and a main program should be operated for students that claim learning. and teachers need to point out Scientific Key words before class, to have distinction between the regular classes. Also, Teachers are required strategic ways to help students use English in a free and a natural way. In addition, different with the regular classes, when distributing into teams for class subject research, the usage of English, knowledge in science, the capability of dealing with PPT (power point) presentation and students presenting their opinions in a definite and confident way are required. We believe the school board should support needed items for the class. Furthermore, opportunities for a domestic training course as well as an abroad training course should be expanded for science teachers to improve their English. Teachers in college’s science department of education and the linguistics center should also be given an opportunity to a training course as well.

Norepinephrine Genes Predict Response Time Variability and Methylphenidate-Induced Changes in Neuropsychological Function in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Kim, Bung-Nyun,Kim, Jae-Won,Cummins, Tarrant D.R.,Bellgrove, Mark A.,Hawi, Ziarih,Hong, Soon-Beom,Yang, Young-Hui,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Shin, Min-Sup,Cho, Soo-Churl,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Son, Jung-Woo,Shin, Yun-Mi,Chun Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2013 JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.33 No.3

ABSTRACT: Noradrenergic dysfunction may be associated with cognitive impairments in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including increased response time variability, which has been proposed as a leading endophenotype for ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between polymorphisms in the α-2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) and norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) genes and attentional performance in ADHD children before and after pharmacological treatment.One hundred one medication-naive ADHD children were included. All subjects were administered methylphenidate (MPH)–OROS for 12 weeks. The subjects underwent a computerized comprehensive attention test to measure the response time variability at baseline before MPH treatment and after 12 weeks. Additive regression analyses controlling for ADHD symptom severity, age, sex, IQ, and final dose of MPH examined the association between response time variability on the comprehensive attention test measures and allelic variations in single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ADRA2A and SLC6A2 before and after MPH treatment.Increasing possession of an A allele at the G1287A polymorphism of SLC6A2 was significantly related to heightened response time variability at baseline in the sustained (P = 2.0 × 10) and auditory selective attention (P = 1.0 × 10) tasks. Response time variability at baseline increased additively with possession of the T allele at the DraI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene in the auditory selective attention task (P = 2.0 × 10). After medication, increasing possession of a G allele at the MspI polymorphism of the ADRA2A gene was associated with increased MPH-related change in response time variability in the flanker task (P = 1.0 × 10).Our study suggested an association between norepinephrine gene variants and response time variability measured at baseline and after MPH treatment in children with ADHD. Our results add to a growing body of evidence, suggesting that response time variability is a viable endophenotype for ADHD and suggesting its utility as a surrogate end point for measuring stimulant response in pharmacogenetic studies.

데이터 마이닝을 활용한 뇌경색증과 동반되는 질환의 연관성 분석

이인희,신아미,손창식,박희준,김중휘,박상영,최진호,김윤년,Lee, In-Hee,Shin, A-Mi,Son, Chang-Sik,Park, Hee-Joon,Kim, Joong-Hwi,Park, Sang-Young,Choi, Jin-Ho,Kim, Yoon-Nyun 대한물리치료학회 2010 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply association rule mining to explore the labyrinthine network of cerebral infarction comorbidity and basic data supply to develop cutting-edge physical therapy protocols for cerebral infarction with comorbidity Methods: From clinic records of enrollees of A Hospital in D city, patients over 18 years of age with cerebral infarction and cerebral infarction comorbidity were recruited as a case group. All diagnoses of that hospital were categorized according to the "International Classification of Disease (ICD)" diagnosis system. We extracted code I63 from the "Korea Classification of Disease (KCD)-4". Associated rule mining was done with a priori modeling and Web nodes to examine the strengths of associations among those diagnoses. The support and confidence values of associated rule mining results were examined. Results: The subjects of this study were 2,267 cerebral infarction patients. E11 (Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), E78 (Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias), G81 (Hemiplegia), I10 (Essential hypertension), and K29 (Gastritis and duodenitis) were high frequency diagnoses, being found in 10% or more of total diagnoses of cerebral infarction from frequency analysis results. The highest frequency diagnosis was 1,042 (46.0%) for I10. The second most frequent diagnosis was for E11(21.5%) while the third most frequent diagnosis was E78 (20.2%). Results from a priori modeling and Web nodes indicated that cerebral infarction has a strong association withessential hypertension, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias. Conclusion: Cerebral infarction is associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and disorders of lipoprotein metabolism and other lipidaemias. The result of this study will be helpful to clinicians treating patients with cerebral infarction.