Plasma arc light를 이용한 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향과 중합시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

노상정,이현정,전영미,김정기 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.5

본 연구는 Plasma arc light를 이용하여 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향, 중합시간 그리고 경화시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 240개의 발거된 소구치를 15군으로 나눈 후, 광중합기(Plasma arc light와 Halogen light), 중합시간(Plasma arc light 2, 4, 6초와 Halogen light 20초), 그리고 광조사 방향(Vertical 방향과 Oblique 방향)을 다르게 하여 브라켓을 부착하였다. 광중합 접착제는 Transbond XT를 이용하였으며 브라켓 부착 후 5분과 24시간 후에 만능물성시험기를 이용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다 광중합기의 종류와 중합시간에 관계없이 Vertical군과 Oblique군 간의 전단결합강도는 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). Plasma arc light를 이용하여 2초 동안 광중합한 군들의 전단결합강도는 다른 중합시간의 군들보다 현저히 낮았다 (p<0.05). 부착 5분 후의 전단결합강도는 24시간 후보다 현저히 낮았다 (p<0.05). ARI 점수는 군들 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 plasma arc light를 사용한 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향은 전단결합강도에 영향을 끼치지 않으며, Halogen light와 유사한 결합강도를 얻기 위해서는 4초 이상의 중합시간이 필요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different light direction. exposure times and setting times when using plasma arc light on shear bond strength of metal brackets. 240 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to one of 16 groups. Standardized brackets were bonded to enamel using different light curing units (Plasma arc light and Halogen light), exposure times (Plasma arc light 2, 4, 6 seconds and Halogen light 20 seconds), and light directions (Vertical direction [V] and Oblique direction [O]). 8 groups were tested after 5 minutes and the remaining 8 groups after 24 hours. The metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT. Shear bond strength was measured by a universal testing machine. The results were as follows: There were no differences between the shear bond strengths of the Vertical groups (V) and Oblique groups (O), regardless of exposure times and types of light curing units (p>0.05), The shear bond strength of the group with 2 seconds of plasma light were significantly lower than other exposure time groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strength tested after 5 minutes was lower than after 24 hours (p<0.05). The Adhesive Remment Index (ARI) score showed no statistically significant difference among the different groups. The results of this study suggested that the light direction of plasma arc light had no influence on the shear bond strength of metal brackets to enamel, and exposure times more than 4 seconds produced shear bond strengths similar to those produced with a conventional halogen curing light.

발관리 교육프로그램이 노인 당뇨병 환자의 발관리 이행과 족부합병증에 미치는 효과

노영숙,전시자,권연숙,임미숙,심강희 노인간호학회 2007 노인간호학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Purpose : Diabetic foot complications are significant problems in diabetes mellitus and often result in lower extremity amputation. This study was conducted to verify the effects of foot care education on compliance with foot care and diabetic foot complications when the patient is an elder with diabetes. Method: A group pretest-posttest design was used to examine the effects of 6 months of foot care education with a group of 13 elders with diabetes. The major dependent variables including foot care compliance and diabetic foot complications were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment period to examine the effects of foot care education. Result : There were no significant differences in total foot care compliance scores and presence of diabetic foot complication after 6 months, Conclusion : Interventions involving problem based education and pursuing long-time effects may be more effective in implementing and sustaining improvements than just group education or one time interventions for elders with diabetes.

버퍼층 및 열처리 효과가 CoFe/Cu 다층박막의 자기저항에 미치는 영향

오미영,송은영,이장로,김희중,김경민,김미양 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.7

DC magnetron sputtering방법에 의해 Corning glass기판 위에 ?? 형태로 다층박막을 제작하여 버퍼층 종류(Fe, Cu, Cr, Ta)와 두께, 비자성층인 Cu두께 변화에 관한 자기저항비의존성을 조사하였다. 또한 이들 시료에 대하여 열처리를 행한 후 열처리가 이 시료의 구조, 자기적 성질 및 자기저항에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Fe버퍼층의 두께가 60Å일 때 극대 자기저항비가 14%인 자기저항이 관찰되었고 Fe버퍼층과 Cr버퍼층을 갖는 시료를 비교한 경우 자기저항비는 그다지 차이가 없으나 Fe버퍼층이 있는 경우에 더 큰 포화자기장 및 자기 이력현상을 나타내었다. 250℃까지의 시료에 대한 열처리는 다층박막의 주기성을 유지한채 더 큰 결정립을 갖게 하여 자기저항비는 증가하였으나 그 이상의 온도에서는 계면 혼합 및 계면 확산에 의한 감소를 나타내었다. Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and magnetic properties of CoFe/Cu multilayers prepared by dcmagnetron sputtering has been studied. We investigated the effect of Fe buffer layer thickness, different buffer layers, and annealing condition on GMR. For the 60Å Fe buffer layer thickness, maximum MR ratio 14% was found. When we have used different buffer layers, multilayers with Cr and Fe buffer show similar GMR magnitude, but multilayers with an Fe buffer have much higher saturation fields and hysteresis. The study of the dependence of the MR behaviors on annealing temperature, the MR ratio was increased to 250℃, but reduced at the temperature higher than 300℃ because of the interfacial diffuse.

경남지역 생산직 남자 근로자들의 근로형태 및 운동참여 수준별 요통 유병률 조사

정영미,김병로,정성림 창원대학교 체육과학연구소 2003 경남 체육연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 근로자들의 근로형태 및 운동 참여 수준별 요통 유병률을 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 창원, 마산, 김해, 통영 등 9개 지역과 19개소의 제조업체 생산직 남자 근로자 533명 중 요통이 있는 254명을 대상으로 하였고, 검사지는 일반사항 및 근로형태 5문항과 운동에 관한 사항 5문항, 요통에 관한 사항 12문항으로 총 22문항으로 구성하여 조사하였으며 수집된 자료는 SAS PC/Program을 이용하여 빈도와 비율을 산출하고 카이스퀘어(Chi-Square)검증을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 근무형태별 요통 유병률은 3교대에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 근무기간별로는 11-20년에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 작업자세별로는 앉은 자세에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 작업형태별로는 중량물 취급유에서 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 운동빈도별 요통 유병률은 주5회 이상에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 운동종목별로는 사이클링에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동실시기간별로는 6개월 이상에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 운동시간별로는 30분-1시간에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동강도별로는 강한 강도에서 요통이 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 없었다.

Buffer/CoFe/Cu/Co 샌드위치 박막의 자기저항 특성

김희중,김미양,오미영,이장로,송은영,김경민 숙명여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학논문집 Vol.- No.7

DC magnetron sputtering방법으로 Corning glass 기판위에 버퍼층을 Fe와 ??로 바꾸어가면서 보자력이 다른 ??와 Co를 이용하여 buffer/CoFe(35Å)/Cu(tÅ)/Cu(35Å)의 형태로 샌드위치 박막을 제작하고 자기저항비의 버퍼층 두께 및 비자성층 Cu층 두께, 자성층 두께 의존성을 조사하였다. 자기저항비와 포화 자기장(??)은 버퍼층의 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 증대하다가 극대치 3%를 보인 후 완만하게 감소하였다. NiFe, Fe버퍼층을 갖는 시료를 비교한 경우, 각각 CoFe층과 Co층 사이의 결합 자기장(??)은 큰 차이가 없었으나 NiFe버퍼층을 갖는 시료가 minor자기저항 곡선의 반가폭 ??는 감소하고 자기저항(MR) slope와 관련된 field senditivity(%/Oe)는 향상되었다. Buffer(tÅ)/CoFe(35Å)/Cu(50Å)/Co(35Å) sandwiches prepared by dc magnetron sputtering on a corning glass substrate using ?? and Co possess different coercivities. Dependence of magnetoresistance on the type and thickness of buffer layer, thickness of Cu and thickness of magnetic layer in buffer/CoFe/Cu/Co sandwiches were investigated. Magnetoresistance ratio and saturation field ?? increased as the thickness of buffer layer becomes thicker, then decreased smoothly after maximum value. Improved field sensitivity was realized by the use of ?? buffer layer.

장기간 보관한 멸균물품의 오염 상태에 관한 연구

주홍순,조순덕,정재심,신동분,임바올라,노은지,이선희,송영미,최정화,백병윤,김미나 대한병원감염관리학회 2003 의료관련감염관리 Vol.8 No.1

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Brief Screening for Four Mental Illnesses of the Elderly in Community Mental Health Services: the BS4MI-Elderly

Yun Kyeong Seon,Moon Bong-Goon,Park Miae,Kim Seong-Ju,Shin Yunmi,Cho Sun Mi,Noh Jai Sung,Lim Ki-Young,Chung Young-Ki,Son Sang Joon,Roh Hyun Woong,Hong Chang Hyung 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.5

Objective Early detection and proper management of mental illness can help to prevent severe deterioration. However, with limited financial and human resources of community mental health services, it is not practical to carry out all conventional screening tools simultaneously. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a brief but comprehensive screening questionnaire for four common mental illnesses of the elderly. Methods The brief screening for four mental illnesses of elderly (BS4MI-elderly) is a 14-item binary response questionnaire that covers dementia, depressive disorder, sleep disorder, and hwa-byung. To test validity, we compared conventional scale scores for three groups of participants classified using the BS4MI-elderly. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positive test, likelihood ratio of positive test and internal consistency of the BS4MI-elderly were assessed. Finally, a correlation analysis between the BS4MI-elderly and general mental health scales was conducted. Results A total of 254 participants aged over 65 years were recruited. The BS4MI-elderly showed moderate to high sensitivity for the test that distinguishes the normal group from the risk and disorder groups (dementia: 0.61, depressive disorder: 0.88, sleep disorder: 0.85, hwa-byung: 0.94) and high specificity for the test that distinguishes the disorder group from the normal and risk groups (dementia: 0.91, depressive disorder: 0.93, hwa-byung: 0.84, sleep disorder: 0.84). The BS4MI-elderly also exhibited good internal consistency and significant correlations with general mental health scales. Conclusion The BS4MI-elderly, a brief but comprehensive screening tool, could be a useful instrument for screening the elderly in community mental health services.

거친 신체놀이의 실외활동과 일반적인 실외활동 놀이 사이에서 나타난 유아의 공격성 감소 및 대인문제해결력에 미치는 효과

최미숙 ( Mi Sook Choi ),노은아 ( Eun Ah Roh ),정미영 ( Mi Young Jeong ),주보미 ( Bo Mi Ju ) 미래유아교육학회 2013 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.20 No.4

본 연구는 거친 신체놀이의 실외활동과 일반적인 실외활동 놀이 사이에서 나타난 유아의 공격성감소 및 대인문제해결력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구대상은 G시에 위치한 J유치원의 만 5세 유아 40명을 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 19.0을 사용하여 사전-사후 증가분에 대한 t-검증을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 거친 신체놀이의 실외활동이 유아의 공격성(신체적 공격성, 언어적 공격성) 감소에 더 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 거친 신체놀이의 실외활동이 유아의 대안적 해결사고와 결과예측 사고 증진에 더 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 이러한 본연구결과는 거친 신체놀이의 실외활동이 유아의 공격성 감소 및 대인문제해결력 증진에 긍정적인 효과가 있다는 점을 밝혔다는데 의의가 있다. 또한 거친 신체놀이의 실외활동은 유아교육현장에서 활용해 볼 가치가 있음을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of reduction in aggression of young children and interpersonal problem solving ability between outdoor activity of rough and tumble play and general outdoor activity play. The subjects in this study were 40 five-year-olds at J kindergarten in G city. The collected data were analyzed by t-test using SPSS 19.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: First, it was found that the outdoor activity of rough and tumble play has positive influence on the reduction of aggression and its subordinate variables (physical aggression and verbal aggression) of young children. Second, it was found that the outdoor activity of rough and tumble play has more positive influence on increase of alternative solution thinking and consequential thinking of young children. The results suggested that it is meaningful to clarify the outdoor activity with rough and tumble play could make positive effect on reduction of young children`s aggression and increase of interpersonal problem solving ability. It was also founded that it is worthy of utilizing in early childhood education field.

Lessons learned from 100 initial cases of laparoscopic liver surgery

Mi Ri Lee,Young Hoon Kim,Young Hoon Roh,Sung Yong Oh,Jin Han Cho,Jong Hoon Lee,Sung Wook Lee,Myung Hwan Roh,Jin Sook Jeong,Sang Young Han,Ghap Joong Jung 대한외과학회 2011 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.80 No.5

Purpose: Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is now widely accepted and is being increasingly performed. The present study describes our experience with LLR at a single center over an eight-year period. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 100 patients between October 2002 and February 2010. Forty-six benign lesions and 54 malignant lesions were included. The LLR performed included 58 pure laparoscopy procedures, 18 hand-assisted laparoscopy procedures and 24 hybrid technique procedures. Results: The mean age of the patients was 57 years; among these patients, 31 were over 65 years of age. The mean operation time was 220 minutes. The overall morbidity was 11% and the mortality was zero. Among the 20 patients with simple hepatic cysts, 50% unexpectedly recurred. Among the 41 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 21 patients (51%) underwent preoperative radiofrequency ablation therapy or transarterial chemoembolization. During parenchymaltransection, 11 received blood transfusion. The width of the resection margins was under 0.5 cm in 11 cases (27%); 0.5 to 1 cm in 22 cases (54%) and over 1 cm in eight cases (12%). There was no port site seeding, but argon beam coagulation-induced tumor dissemination was observed in two cases. The overall two-year survival rate was 75%. Conclusion: This study suggests that the applications for LLR can be gradually expanded when assuring that the safety and curability of LLR are equivalent to that of open liver resection.