Isman in Bangladesh

A K Md Fazlur Rahman 한국이슬람학회 1994 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.4 No.1

Numerically Bangladesh is the second largest Muslim country of the world. It has a land area of 148, 393 square kilometers and a population approximately 112 million. The Muslims form over 86% of the total people. The Hindues over 12%, the Buddhists, over 0.6%, the Christians, over 0.4%. The people of all faiths profess and practice their respective religions with complete freedom, mutual harmony and good understanding. Except for the Buddhists(about 1.2 million) who mostly live in the Chittagong Hill Tract bordering India and Myanmar. The people of the other faiths are spread all the over country. Bangladesh makes a homogeneous nation with Bengali as its principal language. The tribal people of Chittagong Hill Tract and other areas have their own dialects but they are not used in writing. Islam made its entry into Bangladesh with the coming of the Arabs since the 8th century. Hinduism and Buddhism were the predominant religions in Bangladesh but they lost grounds to Islam within a surprisingly short time. It look 100-200 years for Islam to become the dominant religion in Bangladesh. The naturalness, simplicity, freedom, fraternity and democratic values of Islam attracted the people of this area to embrace Islam. A brief account of the history of the foundation of the Muslim society in Bangladesh, the Impact of the Muslim rule, the socio-cultural, politico-economic and educational life of the Muslims in Bangladesh, the state policy and the Government's role towards Islam is given in this apticle. The history of Islam and the Muslims in Bangladesh has four distinct 'phases namely. The period of the early Muslim contact, the Delhi Sultanate, the independent Muslim Sultanate and the Mughal rule. The first period extends from the 8th century to the 12th century. During this period the Arab sailors, merchants, geographers, historians, visited the coastal areas of Bangladesh in the course of their voyages to the East. Many of them turned as teachers and preachers of Islam among the local people. They got settled down and married with local women. The earliest reference to the peaceful Arab contact with the coastal area of Bangladesh occurs in 'Silsilat-al-Tawarikh' written by the Arab geographers like Ibne Khurdadbih, Musudi, Tabari, Idrisi, wrote about the wealth and power of the ruling Pala Kings and the prosperity of the country. The Arab sailors carried merchandise from Bangladesh to the ports of China in the East and to the countries of the west. Many families in Chittagong still claim descent from the Arab stock and maintain their family genealogical table. It is worth while to note that the most orthodox Muslim population are found in the areas of early Muslim contact in Bangladesh and they form the hard core of the Muslim society in Bangladesh now. The period of Delhi Sultanate extends from 1204 A.D. to 1338 A.D. The Musli, Sutanate of Delhi was established with the conquest of Delhi by Qutbuddin Aibek. The Turkish commander of Sultan Muizuddin Muhammad Al-Ghori, the ruler of Ghazni and Afghanistan. Aibek became the first Muslim Sultan of Delhi after the death of Sultan Muizuddin Muhammad Al-Ghori. One of his subordinate Turkish mitilary officers by the name of Ikhtyar uddin Muhammud Bakhtyar Khalji conquered Western Bengal and the northern parts of Bengal in 1204 with the help of his Turkish troops and followers. Bakhtyar and his other Turkish successors ruled the new conquered territories almost independently with little control from Delhi. They took 40 to 60 years to conquer other parts of West Bengal and Bangladesh and consolidate them. Some of the strong Delhi Sultans forced the recalcitrant Turkish Governors of Bengal to accept their overlordship. But with the disintegration of the Turkish empire, Bengal became completely independent of Delhi. The independent Sultanate of Bangladesh Iasted for 200 years. The first independent Sultanate of Bengal was established in the eastern Bengal in 1338 by one of the

Quality Assessment of Beef Using Computer Vision Technology

Md,Faizur Rahman,Abdullah Iqbal,Md,Abul Hashem,Akinbode A,Adedeji 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.6

Imaging technique or computer vision (CV) technology has received huge attention as a rapid and non-destructive technique throughout the world for measuring quality attributes of agricultural products including meat and meat products. This study was conducted to test the ability of CV technology to predict the quality attributes of beef. Images were captured from longissimus dorsi muscle in beef at 24 h post-mortem. Traits evaluated were color value (L*, a*, b*), pH, drip loss, cooking loss, dry matter, moisture, crude protein, fat, ash, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), peroxide value (POV), free fatty acid (FFA), total coliform count (TCC), total viable count (TVC) and total yeast-mould count (TYMC). Images were analyzed using the Matlab software (R2015a). Different reference values were determined by physicochemical, proximate, biochemical and microbiological test. All determination were done in triplicate and the mean value was reported. Data analysis was carried out using the programme Statgraphics Centurion XVI. Calibration and validation model were fitted using the software Unscrambler X version 9.7. A higher correlation found in a* (r=0.65) and moisture (r=0.56) with ‘a*’ value obtained from image analysis and the highest calibration and prediction accuracy was found in lightness (r²c=0.73, r²p=0.69) in beef. Results of this work show that CV technology may be a useful tool for predicting meat quality traits in the laboratory and meat processing industries.

Substrate effects on the microstructure of hydrogenated amorphous carbon films

I. Ahmad,S.S. Roy,Md.A. Rahman,T.I.T. Okpalugo,P.D. Maguire,J.A. McLaughlin 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.5

In this work, plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition was used to prepare hydrogenated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H) on different substrates over a wide range of thickness. In order to observe clear substrate effect the films were produced under identical growth conditions. Raman and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopies were employed to probe the chemical bonding of the films. For the films deposited on silicon substrates, the Raman ID/IG ratio and G-peak positions were constant for most thickness. For metallic and polymeric substrates, these parameters increased with film thickness, suggesting a change from a sp3-bonded hydrogenated structure to a more sp2 network, NEXAFS results also indicate a higher sp2 content of a-C:H films grown on metals than silicon. The metals, which are poor carbide precursors, gave carbon films with low adhesion, easily delaminated from the substrate. The delamination can be decreased/eliminated by deposition of a thin ( ~10 nm) silicon layer on stainless steel substrates prior to a-C:H coatings. Additionally we noted the electrical resistivity decreased with thickness and higher dielectric breakdown strength for a-C:H on silicon substrate.

Characterization of secondary metabolite compounds correlated with the seasons in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pamp.) H. Hara leaves using direct sample injection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: contribution to phytotoxicity

M. I. R. Mamun,A. M. Abd El-Aty,Md. Musfiqur Rahman,최정희,윤경원,신호철,심재한 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Leaves from a natural population of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pamp.) H. Hara were collected monthly from April through October and characterized for composition of secondary metabolite compounds and their phytotoxic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Achyranthes japonica and Lactuca sativa. The compounds were identified using gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with a solvent-free solid injector (SFSI). GC/MS analyses of all samples revealed qualitative variability in the composition of secondary metabolites. The greatest number of compounds was identified in July (56) followed by September (30) and April (24), and the lowest number was found in June (2) and August (2). Among 92 compounds, the major compounds were various terpenes (23) (mono-, sesqui, di-, and tri-terpenes) followed by heterocyclic compounds (18) and hydrocarbons (14). The higher the concentration of the secondary metabolites, the lower the seed germination and seedling growth of A. japonica and L. sativa. Plant samples collected in July and August were most detrimental. Taken together, variability in the secondary metabolites compounds of A. princeps var. orientalis was verified during different seasons, and the compounds were successfully identified by a combination of SFSI and GC/MS. Notably, the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects were inconsistent throughout the various seasons.

Characterization of secondary metabolite compounds correlated with the seasons in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pamp.) H. Hara leaves using direct sample injection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: contribution to phytotoxicity

Mamun, M.I.R.,Abd El-Aty, A.M.,Musfiqur Rahman, Md.,Choi, Jeong-Heui,Yun, Kyeong Won,Shin, Ho-Chul,Shim, Jae-Han The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

Leaves from a natural population of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (Pamp.) H. Hara were collected monthly from April through October and characterized for composition of secondary metabolite compounds and their phytotoxic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Achyranthes japonica and Lactuca sativa. The compounds were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) coupled with a solvent-free solid injector (SFSI). GC/MS analyses of all samples revealed qualitative variability in the composition of secondary metabolites. The greatest number of compounds was identified in July (56) followed by September (30) and April (24), and the lowest number was found in June (2) and August (2). Among 92 compounds, the major compounds were various terpenes (23) (mono-, sesqui, di-, and tri-terpenes) followed by heterocyclic compounds (18) and hydrocarbons (14). The higher the concentration of the secondary metabolites, the lower the seed germination and seedling growth of A. japonica and L. sativa. Plant samples collected in July and August were most detrimental. Taken together, variability in the secondary metabolites compounds of A. princeps var. orientalis was verified during different seasons, and the compounds were successfully identified by a combination of SFSI and GC/MS. Notably, the antimicrobial and antioxidative effects were inconsistent throughout the various seasons.

Simultaneous determination and identity confirmation of thiodicarb and its degradation product methomyl in animal-derived foodstuffs using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and tandem mass spectrometry

Rahman, Md. Musfiqur,Abd El-Aty, A.M.,Kim, Sung-Woo,Lee, Young-Jun,Na, Tae-Woong,Park, Joon-Seong,Shin, Ho-Chul,Shim, Jae-Han Elsevier 2017 Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technolog Vol.1040 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of thiodicarb and its degradation product methomyl in animal-derived food products, including chicken muscle, beef, pork, table eggs, and milk. Thiodicarb is known to degrade during analysis; therefore, a thorough investigation was carried out, revealing that thiodicarb degrades to methomyl immediately after spiking into a matrix of animal-derived food products. Consequently, thiodicarb was determined as the sum of the parent compound and methomyl. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and sodium salts, and purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were 0.0013 and 0.004mg/kg, respectively, for both analytes in various matrices. Seven-point external calibration curves were obtained, and they showed excellent linearity with determination coefficients (<I>R<SUP>2</SUP> </I>)≥0.999 for all tested matrices. The method was validated at three fortification levels (LOQ, LOQ×2, and LOQ×10) in triplicate with average recoveries ranging from 84.24 to 112.8% (for methomyl) and relative standard deviations (RSDs)≤6.5% in all matrices. The converted recoveries of thiodicarb in various matrices ranged from 74.80 to 107.80% with RSDs≤4.5%. The identities of both compounds in standard solutions and for recovery were confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The developed method was further validated by accurate reproduction at another laboratory. Finally, the method was applied to market samples collected from different areas (and, in the case of milk, different brands), and none of the samples tested positive for thiodicarb or methomyl. In conclusion, the developed method can be successfully applied for a single-run analysis of thiodicarb and methomyl in livestock products.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Due to the frequent degradation of thiodicarb in animal food products, its recovery was very poor. </LI> <LI> It was observed that thiodicarb was breakdown to methomyl just after fortification. </LI> <LI> Improvement or development of a methodology cannot improve thiodicarb recovery. </LI> <LI> At last, a simultaneous method was developed after consideration of methomyl and thiodicarb as a total residue of thiodicarb. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effect of Excessive Antimony on the Thermoelectric and Transport Properties of Mg3Sb2 Synthesized by Controlled Melting, Pulverizing Followed by Vacuum Hot Pressing

Md. Mahmudur Rahman,A. K. M. Ashiquzzaman Shawon,Soon‑Chul Ur 대한금속·재료학회 2021 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.17 No.1

Zintl compounds were recognized as very good thermoelectric candidate due to their characteristics electron-crystal phononglassproperties. Mg3Sb2is a known Group II–V Zintl semiconductor. This compound is a well-established thermoelectricmaterial and many of recent works focus on this compound due to its intrinsic low thermal conductivity. The band gap ofthis compound has been shown to be optimum, making it a promising thermoelectric material. This work introduces a newsynthetic method and analyzes the thermoelectric properties found using this method. The single phase of Mg3Sb2wassynthesized by melting elemental shots at 1173 K for 1 hour in a controlled inert Ar gas atmosphere in a tapped graphitecrucible followed by vacuum hot pressing at 873 K for 4 hours. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy werecarried out to investigate existing phases and surface morphology respectively. Thermoelectric properties in terms of Seebeckcoefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity were evaluated and the results are discussed in comparison toanalogous studies. Transport properties were also evaluated and discussed. Single phase magnesium antimonide was foundwith a nominal formula of Mg3.8Sb2and showed a comparable ZT value which is ~ 0.24 at 873 K.

Production of slow release crystal fertilizer from wastewaters through struvite crystallization - A review

Rahman, Md.M.,Salleh, M.A.Mohd.,Rashid, U.,Ahsan, A.,Hossain, M.M.,Ra, C.S. Elsevier ; King Saud University 2014 Arabian journal of chemistry Vol.7 No.1

Nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewaters are a burning environmental issue of the present world. This review covers the studies conducted on the removal and recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewaters through struvite crystallization. Wastewater which contains a high amount of phosphorus and nitrogen would be a good source of struvite. Struvite is a phosphate fertilizer, although it contains a significant amount of nitrogen and magnesium, and it is an effective alternative source of rock phosphate to maintain the agricultural production system. The present review deals with the principles and concept of struvite nucleation, crystal growth and the factors that affect on the struvite quality. Struvite precipitation occurs in an equimolecular concentration of Mg<SUP>2+</SUP>, NH<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>+</SUP> and PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>3-</SUP> at slightly alkaline conditions. Addition of a source of Mg is essential to maintain the favorable condition of PO<SUB>4</SUB> and Mg. Different factors such as Mg:PO<SUB>4</SUB> molar ratio, pH, aeration rate, reactor types, as well as P and N removal efficiencies were also discussed throughout this review. The slower nutrient leaching loss and its fertilizer quality make struvite an eco-friendly fertilizer. It is possible to overcome the acute shortage of rock phosphate if all the municipal and livestock wastewaters are connected with the wastewater treatment plants.

Seroprevalence of specific Brucella infection of cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University Veterinary Clinics and its surrounding areas

Rahman, Md. Siddiqur,Alam, Nur,Rahman, A.K.M. Anisur,Huque, A.K.M. Fazlul,Ahasan, Md. Shamim,Song, Hee-Jong The Korean Society of Veterinary Service 2009 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

A cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle in Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Veterinary Clinics, in BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali from June 2008 to November 2008. A total of 200 serum samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, from BAU Dairy Farm and Vabokhali. Among the serum samples 143 sera samples were collected from BAU Veterinary Clinic, 42 serum samples from BAU Dairy Farm and 15 serum samples from Vabokhali. Sera were separated from blood samples and tested with specific Brucella abortus antigen (BAA) test and B. melitensis antigen (BMA) test. The overall seroprevalence of brucellosis in cattle was 5% in BAA and 0.5% in BMA. It was observed that, a significant higher prevalence of B. abortus was found in female than male. An insignificant higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in adult cattle (aged above 5 years), in cross breed cattle, in cattle with grazing, cattle breed by natural breeding, and in pregnant cows. Although insignificant but a higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in aged cattle than young cattle, cross bred cattle, pregnant cattle than non pregnant cattle, cattle with grazing. A higher prevalence of brucellosis was found in female cattle than male.

A simple extraction method for the detection and quantification of polyoxin D, a nucleoside antibiotic, in butterbur using UPLC-MS/MS

Rahman, Md. Musfiqur,Abd El-Aty, A.M.,Kim, Sung-Woo,Na, Tae-Woong,Shin, Ho-Chul,Hong, Su-Myeong,Shim, Jae-Han Applied Science Publishers 2017 Food chemistry Vol.221 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An effective analytical method was developed for the detection and quantification of polyoxin D in butterbur using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted using acidified deionised water and purified via solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an HLB cartridge. An external matrix-matched standard calibration curve was prepared, which provided an excellent linearity with a coefficient of determination (<I>R</I> <SUP>2</SUP>) ⩾0.999. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.015 and 0.0.05μg/g, respectively. The developed method was validated in terms of recovery performance using two fortification levels in triplicate. The storage stabilities of the various field samples were also determined. Our method provided consistent recovery (86.26–87.37%) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <5%, and was successfully applied to field-treated butterbur grown under greenhouse conditions and collected at various times following commercial fungicide application. As expected, a gradual degradation of polyoxin D was observed, with a half-life (t<SUB>1/2</SUB>) of 2.11d being recorded. Finally, we propose that the developed method can be extrapolated to other crops for routine analysis and can be used to determine the pre-harvest intervals (PHIs), thus preventing the development of antibiotic resistance genes in humans and in the environment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A simple and effective method was developed for the detection and quantification of polyoxin D in butterbur using UPLC-MS/MS. </LI> <LI> Due to the hydrophilic character of polyoxin D, the analyte was unrecovered following QuEChERS extraction. </LI> <LI> QuEChERS d-SPE was also unable to remove interference in the UPLC-MS/MS results originating from chlorophyll and other pigments from green leafy vegetables. </LI> <LI> Use of acidified water extractions and Oasis HLB cartridges successfully recovered the target analyte. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>