Poly-γ-glutamic acid productivity of Bacillus subtilis BsE1 has positive function in motility and biocontrol against Fusarium graminearum

Luyao Wang,Ning Wang,Dandan Mi,Yuming Luo,Jianhua Guo 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.7

In this study, we investigate the relationship between γ-PGA productivity and biocontrol capacity of Bacillus subtilis BsE1; one bacterial isolate displayed 62.14% biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium root rot. The γ-PGA yield assay, motility assay, wheat root colonization assay, and biological control assay were analysed in different γ-PGA yield mutants of BsE1. The pgsB (PGA-synthase-CapB gene) deleted mutant of BsE1 reduced γ-PGA yield and exhibited apparent decline of in vitro motile ability. Deletion of pgsB impaired colonizing capacity of BsE1 on wheat root in 30 days, also lowered biocontrol efficacies from 62.08% (wild type BsE1) to 14.22% in greenhouse experiment against Fusarium root rot. The knockout of pgdS and ggt (genes relate to two γ-PGA degrading enzymes) on BsE1, leads to a considerable improvement in polymer yield and biocontrol efficacy, which attains higher level compared with wild type BsE1. Compared with ΔpgsB mutant, defense genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytoalexin expressed changes by notable levels on wheat roots treated with BsE1, demonstrating the functional role γ-PGA plays in biocontrol against Fusarium root rot. γ-PGA is not only important to the motile and plant root colonization ability of BsE1, but also essential to the biological control performed by BsE1 against Fusarium root rot. Our goal in this study is to reveals a new perspective of BCAs screening on bacterial isolates, without good performance during pre-assays of antagonism ability.

Application of Variable Projection Method based on Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization in Spatial Cartesian Coordinate Transformation Model

Luyao Wang,Guolin Liu,Qiuxiang Tao,Ke Wang 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.23 No.12

For the linear and nonlinear parameters that can be separated in the spatial Cartesian coordinate transformation model, we use the variable projection algorithm in this paper to represent the linear parameters with nonlinear parameters, which are transformed into least squares problems with only nonlinear parameters. We simplify the matrix of the nonlinear function by the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization method, and combine the nonlinear least squares iterative method with the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm to solve for the coordinate transformation parameters. Experiments are carried out by solving for the coordinate transformation parameters of the independent spatial Cartesian coordinate system and the CGCS2000 coordinate system. We compare the solution results of the four methods (parameter non-separation method, traditional variable projection method, variable projection method based on QR decomposition, and variable projection method based on Gram-Schmidt orthogonal decomposition) with respect to the calculated results, the number of iterations and the computation time. The experimental results show that the proposed method in this paper requires a lower computation time and achieves higher computational efficiency when obtaining the same solution results and with the same number of iterations.

韩国反垄断法相关研究

王璐,瑶,(Luyao Wang),唐志远,(Zhiyuan Tang) 동북아경상학회 2020 동북아경상연구 Vol.1 No.1

Purpose - This paper expounds specific examples of the impact of China s anti- monopoly law on Korean companies, Objective speaking and explaining some of the anti- monopoly law of Korea. Design/Methodology/Approach - China has continuously strengthened legislation and enforcement of its anti-monopoly law in recent years, Powerful to stop foreign and multinational enterprises from monopolizing Chinese enterprises and markets. Findings - China is the first export market of Korean products and inevitably has a big impact. Some typical anti-trust cases in Korea were analyzed and compared. Research Implications - The author also expounds some problems and solutions of the anti-trust law in Korea. 中国近年来连续加强本国反垄断法的立法和执行力度, 有力制止了国外和跨国企业对中国企业和市场的垄断损害。中国是韩国的产品第一出口市场, 不可避免的也受到了较大影响。本文就近几年中国反垄断法强化对韩国企业的影响的具体事例阐述来客观地对韩国反垄断法的一些情况进行简单的论述和说明。并就由此引出的韩国反垄断法存在的一些问题及解决方案阐述了笔者的观点。

A Study on the Implications of China’s Personal Information Protection Act on Chinese and Korean Businesses

Zhiyuan Tang(Zhiyuan Tang),Luyao Wang(Luyao Wang) 동아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of East Asian Trade(JEAT) Vol.4 No.1

Purpose – This paper discusses the legislative process and necessity of China’s Personal Information Protection Law, examines the main contents of China’s Personal Information Protection Law, and studies its impact on Chinese and Korean enterprises. Thus, China’s future data protection legal system can be better understood. Design/Methodology/Approach – In October 2020, China convened the 13th National People’s Congress to deliberate and promulgate the draft Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China 2020. The draft privacy law is China’s first specialized legislation on personal information protection, drawing global attention. Furthermore, president Xi Jinping made clear his commitment to protecting personal information by reiterating the need for “cyber security and personal information security for people” and “protecting their legitimate rights and interests in cyberspace” after the 2019 National Cyber Week. The Personal Information Protection Act of China was enacted on November 1, 2021, as personal information protection was also a real concern among the Chinese people in the highly information-oriented era. Findings – China already has an independent and unified Personal Information Protection Act, which officially promulgates and enforces the Personal Information Protection Act this year following cybersecurity, cybersecurity, and criminal law provisions. Furthermore, in October 2020, China began a full-fledged legislative process by releasing a draft Personal Information Protection Act and collecting opinions. Research Implications – China’s Personal Information Protection Act is expected to play an important role for Chinese companies and Korean companies with subsidiaries in China due to offshore applications. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to pay attention to the revision and enforcement rules of the Personal Information Protection Act so that Chinese and Korean companies can respond quickly after it is promulgated and enforced. Therefore, this paper summarizes the background of China’s Personal Information Protection Act and the main contents of the 2021 edition of the Personal Information Protection Act.

Development of Grain Boundary Character Distribution in Medium‑Strained 316L Stainless Steel During Annealing

Weijiu Huang,Shanshan Yuan,Linjiang Chai,Luyao Jiang,Haiding Liu,Fangjun Wang,Dongzhe Wang,Junjun Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.2

A medium-strained (13% cold-drawing) 316L austenitic stainless steel rod was subjected to annealing between 750 and1100 °C. Electron backscatter diffraction and electron channeling contrast imaging techniques were jointly employed toinvestigate the development of microstructures and grain boundary character distribution during the annealing treatments. Results show that annealing at temperatures below 900 °C does not evidently change microstructures of the as-drawn specimen. Full recrystallization is observed after the temperature reaches 1000 °C and the deformation microstructures are replacedby fine and uniform recrystallized grains. A large number of annealing twins (with Σ3 misorientation) are produced by therecrystallization, leading to markedly increased fractions of special boundaries (fSB). The maximum fSB is found to be 67.3%in the present study. In addition, for the recrystallized grains, rapid growth is noticed at relatively high temperatures due toeasy migration of grain boundaries.

A Study on the Corporate Entity and Doctrine of Disregard of Corporate Entity: Comparison the Doctrine of Disregard of Corporate Entity System between China and Korea

Zhiyuan Tang,Luyao Wang 동아시아무역학회 2021 Journal of East Asian Trade(JEAT) Vol.3 No.2

Purpose – Through the analysis of many problems, we can see the two countries will then compare and comprehensively review their corporate personality denial systems to find out their strengths and weaknesses and complementarity. Finally, improvement and development of the two countries’ corporate personality denial systems are proposed. Design/Methodology/Approach – Independent corporate personality and limited liability of shareholders are the two basic principles of the corporate system, which can support the superiority of the corporate system. A legal umbrella was placed between shareholders and creditors based on the company’s independent corporate character and limited liability, but the relationship between shareholders and companies was not severed. Findings – Although the legislation of Korean and Chinese companies stipulates the denial of corporate status, there are many problems in practical interpretation and application. This paper begins with the theory of the actual existence of corporate personality and interprets the essence of corporate personality. At the same time, this paper discusses the legal principles of the denial of corporate character and expounds the characteristics of the two countries. Research Implications – Shareholders actively participate in management to ensure the best interests of the company to avoid losses and restrictions caused by the separation of the company from personality. Sometimes, however, shareholders have to abuse their corporate credentials in the process of pursuing these interests.

High expression of HOXC6 predicts a poor prognosis and induces proliferation and inflammation in multiple myeloma cells

Li Zhihua,Wang Yaru,Hou Xiaoxu,Guo Luyao,Li Yanling,Ma Yanping,Ma Yanping 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.7

Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common blood system malignance accompanied by monoclonal plasma cell hyperplasia. Homeobox C6 (HOXC6) acts as an oncogene in various cancers, but its function on MM is elusive. Objective The role of HOXC6 on MM development was clarified in this study. Methods HOXC6 expression and its clinical significance were determined in the peripheral blood samples collected from forty MM patients and thirty healthy adult volunteers. The overall survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8, EdU assay and Flow cytometry in U266 and MM.1R cells. Tumor growth was estimated by a xenograft assay. The apoptosis of tumor tissues was evaluated using TUNEL staining. The protein level in tissues was tested by immunohistochemistry. Results The HOXC6 expression was elevated in MM and high HOXC6 level was associated with the poor overall survival of MM. Besides, the HOXC6 expression was associated with hemoglobin level and ISS stage. Furthermore, silencing HOXC6 suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and restrained the secretion of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) in MM cells through inactivating the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, silencing HOXC6 suppressed the tumor growth of MM, the inflammatory factors levels, and the activation of NF-κB pathway but enhanced apoptosis in vivo. Conclusion HOXC6 was elevated in MM and associated with poor survival. Knockdown of HOXC6 suppressed proliferation, inflammation and tumorigenicity of MM cells via inactivating the NF-κB pathway. HOXC6 may be a meaningful target for MM therapy.

Selumetinib overcomes gefitinib primary and acquired resistance by regulating MIG6/STAT3 in NSCLC

Xiaoping Song,Lina Wang,Wei Tang,Luyao Yuan,Qingchao Liu,Jing Li,Daidi Fan 대한약학회 2023 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.46 No.12

Gefitinib, as the first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has achieved great advances in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but drug resistance will inevitably occur. Therefore, exploring the resistance mechanism of gefitinib and developing new combination treatment strategies are of great importance. In our study, the results showed that selumetinib (AZD6244) synergistically inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC with gefitinib. Selumetinib also enhanced gefitinib-induced apoptosis and migration inhibition ability in gefitinib-resistant lung cancer cell lines. Subsequently, the negative regulation between MIG6 and STAT3 was observed and verified through the STRING database and western blotting assays. Sustained activation of STAT3 was significantly downregulated when co-treatment with selumetinib in gefitinib-resistant cells. However, the downregulation of p-STAT3, resulting from the combination of selumetinib and gefitinib was counteracted by the deletion of MIG6, suggesting that selumetinib enhanced gefitinib sensitivity by regulating MIG6/STAT3 in NSCLC. In contrast, p-STAT3 was further inhibited after treatment with gefitinib and selumetinib when MIG6 was overexpressed. Furthermore, the combined administration of selumetinib and gefitinib effectively promoted the sensitivity of lung cancer xenografts to gefitinib in vivo, and the tumor inhibition rate reached 81.49%, while the tumor inhibition rate of the gefitinib monotherapy group was only 31.95%. Overall, MIG6/STAT3 negative regulation plays an important role in the sustained activation of STAT3 and the resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Our study also suggests that EGFR-TKIs combined with MEK1/2 inhibitors, such as selumetinib, may be beneficial to those NSCLC patients who develop a primary or acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, providing theoretical support for combining TKIs and selumetinib in clinical cancer treatment.

Two-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography Predicts Liver Fibrosis in Jaundiced Infants with Suspected Biliary Atresia: A Prospective Study

Chen Huadong,Zhou Luyao,Liao Bing,Cao Qinghua,Jiang Hong,Zhou Wenying,Wang Guotao,Xie Xiaoyan 대한영상의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.22 No.6

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of preoperative two-dimensional (2D) shear wave elastography (SWE) in assessing the stages of liver fibrosis in patients with suspected biliary atresia (BA) and compared its diagnostic performance with those of serum fibrosis biomarkers. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the ethical committee, and written informed parental consent was obtained. Two hundred and sixteen patients were prospectively enrolled between January 2012 and October 2018. The 2D SWE measurements of 69 patients have been previously reported. 2D SWE measurements, serum fibrosis biomarkers, including fibrotic markers and biochemical test results, and liver histology parameters were obtained. 2D SWE values, serum biomarkers including, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRi), and other serum fibrotic markers were correlated with the stages of liver fibrosis by METAVIR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the ROC (AUROC) curve analyses were used. Results: The correlation coefficient of 2D SWE value in correlation with the stages of liver fibrosis was 0.789 (p < 0.001). The cut-off values of 2D SWE were calculated as 9.1 kPa for F1, 11.6 kPa for F2, 13.0 kPa for F3, and 15.7 kPa for F4. The AUROCs of 2D SWE in the determination of the stages of liver fibrosis ranged from 0.869 to 0.941. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of 2D SWE in the diagnosis of ≥ F3 was 93.4% and 96.0%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of 2D SWE was superior to that of APRi and other serum fibrotic markers in predicting severe fibrosis and cirrhosis (all p < 0.005) and other serum biomarkers. Multivariate analysis showed that the 2D SWE value was the only statistically significant parameter for predicting liver fibrosis. Conclusion: 2D SWE is a more effective non-invasive tool for predicting the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with suspected BA, compared with serum fibrosis biomarkers.

韩国垄断市场和垄断企业的相关研究

唐志远,(Zhiyuan Tang),王璐,瑶,(Luyao Wang) 동북아경상학회 2021 동북아경상연구 Vol.2 No.1

韩国的垄断市场(monopoly market)是韩国市场结构(Market Structure)之一, 与完全竞争市场不同, 是各种微观经济学考察中出现最频繁的内容, 因此有必要进行更多的研究。韩国文化振兴院(2003)提出韩国市场结构分为4种, 以产品特性、竞争者的数量等为标准, 以市场具有何种特性来分类。市场结构的核心决定因素有四种: 适度规模; 生产物的替代性; 相互依赖性; 进入障碍。李俊九(2019)认为垄断市场与完全竞争市场最大的不同之处在于供应商拥有市场力量(market power)。对于在完全竞争市场向消费者供应的同一产品, 如果只是单纯的价格接受者(price-taker)的作用, 在垄断市场的供应者就会起到垄断的作用。这意味着, 通过拥有决定价格的能力, 就可以获得高于平均收益的机会。李俊九、李昌镛(2020)认为《换句话说, 市场力量意味着产品价格会受到影响。探讨垄断企业为什么可以任意定价?垄断企业为何会拥有市场的强大垄断力量?又是怎么制造出存在使其他竞争企业无法进入的所谓”门槛(entry barrier)”?通过对众多问题的分析, 让我们直观的看到垄断市场和垄断企业的非效率性是怎样对市场, 包括国际市场造成损害的。再以寡头市场和寡头企业的非效率性为例来做具体的说明, 并对相关改善措施的可行性予以探讨。 Purpose - Through the analysis of many problems, we can see how the inefficiency of monopolistic markets and monopolistic enterprises can harm markets and international markets. Design/Methodology/Approach - Korea s monopoly market is one of the structures of the Korean market, and unlike the fully competitive market, it is necessary to conduct more research since it is the most frequent content in various microeconomic studies. There are four types of market structure in Korea, which are classified according to the characteristics of the product, the number of competitors, and what characteristics of the market. Findings - There are four core determinants of market structure: moderate size; substitutability of production; interdependence; barriers to entry. The biggest difference between a monopoly market and a fully competitive market is that the supplier has market power. For the same product that is supplied to consumers in a fully competitive market, the supplier in a monopolistic market can play a monopoly role if it is simply a price receiver. This means that by having the ability to determine prices, opportunities to achieve higher than average returns are available .In other words, market forces mean that product prices will be affected. Research Implications - Exploring why monopolistic firms can price at will? Why do monopolies have a strong monopoly power in the market? And how did they create a so-called entry barrier that would make it impossible for other competing firms?