이덕무(李德懋)의 명대문학(明代文學) 비평에 대한 일고찰

이학당 ( Xue Tang Li ),위홍 ( Hong Wei ) 한국실학학회 2011 한국실학연구 Vol.0 No.21

본고에서는 이덕무의 명대문학 비평 중에서 의고파와 공안파의 대표 작가들에 대한 비평을 위주로 검토를 하였다. 조선후기 저명한 문학비평가인 이덕무는 명대 문단에 대해서 깊이 있게 파악하고 있었다. 그는 우선 명대 문단에서 가장 큰 영향력을 발휘했던 의고파의 대표 인물들에 대해서 많은 기술을 하였다. 그가 남긴 명대 문학비평 자료에서 가장 많이 언급된 인물은 바로 이반룡과 왕세정이다. 그들의 시(詩), 문(文)뿐만 아니라 의고파의 문학이론에 대해서도 깊이 있는 비평을 가하였다. 둘째는 공안파의 대표인물인 원굉도에 대한 중점적인 검토이다. 원굉도의 시와 문에 대하여 흥미있게 감상하고 인용했으며 공안파가 제창한 ``독서성령(獨抒性靈)``의 문학주장에 대해서도 의고파와 견주면서 논평하기도 하였다. 이덕무는 청나라 당대의 문단보다는 오히려 명대의 문단에 대하여 더 많은 관심을 갖고 주목하여 다양한 논술과 비평 내용을 남겼다. 이덕무는 왜 명대 문인들과 그들의 문학을 이렇듯 중요시하였는가. 그 이유는 다음과 같은 세 가지 측면에서 분석할 수 있다. 첫째, 이덕무의 정통 사상과 의리 정신에서 찾을 수 있다. 그는 연암을 대표로 하는 북학파의 일원으로서 북학사상을 공유한 것이 사실이다. 그러나 이덕무는 연암과 마찬가지로 내심에는 아직 명대가 한족이 통치하는 정통국가이고 청나라는 이방인이 잠시 중국을 장악하는 이민족 국가에 불과하다는 생각을 가지고 있었다. 둘째, 이덕무는 중국의 문학 발전에 있어, 명대 문학 자체의 특성에 주목하여, 이 시기의 문학에 대하여 특별한 관심을 가지게 됐다고 생각한다. 셋째, 명대의 많은 문학이론과 그 성과들이 이덕무 본인의 심미(審美)취향, 창작 실천과 맞아떨어졌다고 할 수 있다. 물론 문학론에 있어서 전후 칠자와 공안파는 서로 대립적인 것이다. 그렇지만 각자의 문학론은 꼭 누가 옳고 누가 그르다고 할 수 없을 것이다. 이덕무의 전후칠자 및 공안파의 주장에 대한 평가도 공정하고 객관적이다. 개인적인 취향에 있어서 이 두 부류의 주장과 겹치는 면이 적지 않아, 그들 주장의 심층적인 면에 대해서 더욱 연구해보려는 의도가 있었다고 본다. Lee Demoo(1741~1793)is a famous scholar in the late Joseon Dynasty. As a literary critic, most of Chinese scholars and works he mentioned is about Ming Dynasty, which shows his great attention on the literary world of Ming Dynasty. Some relevant discussion and critical content can be looked as precious data for researching on his literary thought. In the literary world of Ming Dynasty, all kind of new literary current took shape by carrying on previous work, such as classicist school who advocated learning from ancients by QianHouQiZi, anti-classicist School who advocated innovation by Gong an School, Tang-Song School and Jing Ling School. Also the artistic expression means are more rich and varied, and prose, poem and drama competed with each other for beauty. The reasons he pays attention to the literary world of Ming Dynasty focused on three aspects-traditional ideology and argumentation, characteristics of the literary world, the inosculation of his aethestic standard and creation practice to the theory and literature achievements in Ming Dynasty. Lee Demoo thinks highly of the literary theory and achievements in literary world of Ming Dynasty. There are two features of his criticism on literature of that period. First of all, the style of his criticism developed from subjectivity to objectivity, from what we can realize the process of his increased knowledge and experience in literature of Ming Dynasty. Secondly, he made some key criticism by classifying on works or viewpoints of representative figures, such as Lee Panlong and Wang Shizhen in QianHouQiZi School, Yuan Hongdao in Gong an School, Zhong Xing in JingLing School and Critic, Jing Shengtan. The content of his criticism on literature of Ming Dynasty focused on three aspects. The first one is criticism on writer. For example, he summarized some writers` biography and clarified their poems viewpoints and achievements in Mini Biography of Poems Observed, such as Liu Ji, Song Lian, Gao Bing, Li Dongyang in the early of dynasty, Li Mengyang, He Jingming and Li Panlong in the middle period, Gu Yanwu and Zhu Yizun in transitional period. Second, criticism on various kinds of schools. The main issue of fact in literature of Ming Dynasty is about the classicist and anti-classicist. He gave highly appreciate to the vigorous and hsingling literature of the classicist school, while pointing out the disadvantages because of persistent on their own concept. The third is criticism on novels. He did some specific analysis on Zhong Xing`s comment about Water Margin and Jin Shengtan`s novel notion when he wrote his SuiJingXiTan. He did a certain textual research on Shi Naian`s novel from the standpoint of social origin theory, and approved its artistic quality. However, he proposed the useless and harmful theory of novel when he compared novel to the other literary forms, which showed his limitation on literary concept.

Preparation of the polyester/cotton composite yarn with alternating segmented structure and interval color via a promising physical spinning approach

Wei Wei,Qinglun Tang,Hengxing Tang,Jun Chen,Kun Yan,Dong Wang 한국의류학회 2021 Fashion and Textiles Vol.8 No.1

Herein, a novel kind of composite yarn with alternating segmented structure and interval color has been prepared based on a ring spinning approach. By adjusting the relative motion and blend ratio of the colored polyester filament and natural cotton staple fiber in yarn spinning process, a series of composite yarns were designed and prepared with various segmented structure and cyclical change of the distinct colors. The blend ratio was found to strongly influence on the segment frequency and yarn performance, achieving an improved mechanical property and yarn performance. A color systematic analysis indicated that the combination of alternating structural change induced interval color sense and gradient at the merged regions would lead to an enhanced stereoscopic visual effect of the composite yarns. Moreover, the composite yarns were confirmed to have an excellent weavability and able to endow different patterns and visual effects to the textiles. Thus, considering of the above advantages and multifunctionalities, this work should spur great possibilities for dyeing industry with the promising physical spinning method.

A Novel Missense Mutation of Keratin 17 Gene in a Chinese Family with Steatocystoma Multiplex

( Wei Wei Ha ),( Jing Wang ),( Wen Wang ),( Hong Yang Fu ),( Hua Yang Tang ),( Xian Fa Tang ),( Jun Zhu ),( Xian Yong Yin ),( Sen Yang ),( Xue Jun Zhang ) 대한피부과학회 2013 Annals of Dermatology Vol.25 No.4

A Case Report of Efficacy of Growth Height and Peak-Luteinizing Hormone Level Suppression on Idiopathic Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty Patient Using Herbal Remedy, Aesopjiyoun-tang

Nam, Se-hion,Lee, Chong-hai,Tang, Yu-wei,Liu, Yuan-sheng,Kim, Ki-chul,Chun, Sang-yeol,Yeom, Yu-rim,Kim, Hyung chang,Lee, Myoung-deok The Society of Korean Medicine 2015 대한한의학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this report is to evaluate effect of Korean medical treatment on idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (G-DPP) patient received herbal medicine. We administered Aesopjiyoun-tang remedy to idiopathic G-DPP and analyzed the delay effect by hormonal value and radiographs; the height growth effect by measurement of height. After Korean medical treatment, suppression effect to peak-Luteinizing Hormone level (LHL) is 14.39IU/L to 10.9IU/L for 13month, growth effect to height value is 11cm/13month; and change of mean growth velocity (MGV) is 6.08cm/year to 10.06cm/year. The gain in height by treatment is 3.98cm/year. The result suggests Aesopjiyoun-tang can be an effective treatment for G-DPP. Herbal medicine can be used as an alternative treatment in place of the GnRH treatment.

A Case Report of Efficacy of Growth Height and Peak-Luteinizing Hormone Level Suppression on Idiopathic Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty Patient Using Herbal Remedy, Aesopjiyoun-tang

남세현,Chong-hai Lee1,Yu-wei Tang,Yuan-sheng Liu,Ki-chul Kim,Sang-yeol Chun,염유림,Hyung chang Kim,Myoung-deok Lee 대한한의학회 2015 대한한의학회지 Vol.36 No.4

The purpose of this report is to evaluate effect of Korean medical treatment on idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (G-DPP) patient received herbal medicine. We administered Aesopjiyoun-tang remedy to idiopathic G-DPP and analyzed the delay effect by hormonal value and radiographs; the height growth effect by measurement of height. After Korean medical treatment, suppression effect to peak- Luteinizing Hormone level (LHL) is 14.39IU/L to 10.9IU/L for 13month, growth effect to height value is 11cm/13month; and change of mean growth velocity (MGV) is 6.08cm/year to 10.06cm/year. The gain in height by treatment is 3.98cm/year. The result suggests Aesopjiyoun-tang can be an effective treatment for G-DPP. Herbal medicine can be used as an alternative treatment in place of the GnRH treatment.

Population Differentiation of Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA and RAPD Markers

Yong Feng He,Qiong Ying Tang,Jian Wei Wang,Huan Zhang Liu,De Qing Tan 한국유전학회 2008 Genes & Genomics Vol.30 No.3

Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) is a cyprinid fish endemic to middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Besides in main stream and large tributaries, there exists an early matured, small-sized ecological type in a small tributary, Tang River. In this study, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequence analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were performed to investigate the differentiation of the Tang River population from the Mudong reach population of the Yangtze River, with the purpose of conservation and exploitation of this fish. In the 1140 bps of cyt b gene sequence surveyed, 20 sites were found polymorphic, which defined 23 haplotypes. Among them, four haplotypes accounted for 54.4% of all individuals, while population-specific haplotypes occurred in low frequencies. Analysis of molecular variation on cyt b data revealed no significant partition existing between Tang River population and Mudong reach population. Analyses of 132 RAPD loci suggested that genetic variation between populations was significant, though values of different FST were not very high. The results revealed low genetic diversity and the beginning of population differentiation, suggesting that Tang River population should be designated as a separate Management Unit.

A Case Report of Efficacy of Growth Height and Peak-Luteinizing Hormone Level Suppression on Idiopathic Gonadotropin-Dependent Precocious Puberty Patient Using Herbal Remedy, Aesopjiyoun-tang

Se-hion Nam,Chong-hai Lee,Yu-wei Tang,Yuan-sheng Liu,Ki-chul Kim,Sang-yeol Chun,Yu-rim Yeom,Hyung chang Kim,Myoung-deok Lee 대한한의학회 2015 대한한의학회지 Vol.36 No.4

Role of the Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase CIPK21 in plant cold stress tolerance

Wei Tang,Wells A. Thompson 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.3

The Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like protein-interacting protein kinase CIPK21 gene (AtCIPK21) plays important roles in cell metabolism, plant development, and abiotic stress responses. However, the function of the AtCIPK21 gene in cold stress tolerance in plant cells is not fully understood. In this study, we use cell cultures of three plant species including rice (Oryza sativa L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), as well as Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 harboring pBI-AtCIPK21 to generate transgenic cell lines. After confirmation of integration of the AtCIPK21 gene into the genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), southern blotting, and northern blotting analyses, the rice, cotton, and pine AtCIPK21 transgenic cell lines were used to examine cold stress tolerance. The experimental results demonstrated that overexpression of the AtCIPK21 gene enhanced cold stress tolerance of transgenic cells by increasing cell viability and cell growth rate, decreasing lipid peroxidation and ion leakage, increasing the content of polyamines, as well as elevating the activity of antioxidative enzymes. In rice cells, AtCIPK21 increases expression of Ca2+- dependent protein kinase (CPK) genes and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes under cold stress. These results indicated that overexpression of the AtCIPK21 gene in plant cells improved cold stress tolerance by elevating polyamines content, antioxidative enzyme activity, and expression of CPK genes and MAPK genes. Overexpression of the AtCIPK21 gene may be a valuable approach for engineering plant cold stress tolerance.

Local bond-slip behavior of medium and high strength fiber reinforced concrete after exposure to high temperatures

Tang, Chao-Wei Techno-Press 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.66 No.4

This study aims to investigate the influence of individual and hybrid fiber on the local bond-slip behavior of medium and high strength concrete after exposure to different high temperatures. Tests were conducted on local pullout specimens (150 mm cubes) with a reinforcing bar embedded in the center section. The embedment lengths in the pullout specimens were three times the bar diameter. The parameters investigated include concrete type (control group: ordinary concrete; experimental group: fiber concrete), concrete strength, fiber type and targeted temperature. The test results showed that the ultimate bond stress in the local bond stress versus slip curve of the high strength fiber reinforced concrete was higher than that of the medium strength fiber reinforced concrete. In addition, the use of hybrid combinations of steel fiber and polypropylene fiber can enhance the residual bond strength ratio of high strength concrete.

Bioprospecting of Endophytic Fungi as Promising Anti-MRSA Agents

Wei, Yee-Min,Tan, Joo-Shun,Tang, Hock-Wei,Tong, Woei-Yenn,Leong, Chean-Ring,Tan, Wen-Nee The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 2022 Natural Product Sciences Vol.28 No.3

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious threat to the global healthcare system. Ineffective and resistance to antibiotic treatments have increased morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. New and effective antibiotics are needed to combat against bacterial resistance. Endophytic fungi are crucial reservoirs of novel bioactive metabolites. In particular, the secondary metabolites show promising therapeutic potential, notably, antibacterial. This review discussed the emerging potential of endophytic fungi as anti-MRSA agents. The ecological sources of endophytic fungi were discussed with the synthesis of bioactive metabolites. The mode of antibacterial actions was elucidated to give a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. This review may serve as an important reference for future discovery and developments of anti-MRSA agents from endophytic fungi.