Spatial protein expression of Panax ginseng by in-depth proteomic analysis for ginsenoside biosynthesis and transportation

Xiaoying Li,Xianhui Cheng,Baosheng Liao,Jiang Xu,Xu Han,Jinbo Zhang,Zhiwei Lin,Lianghai Hu 고려인삼학회 2021 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.45 No.1

Background: Panax ginseng, as one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide, has been studied comprehensively in terms of the chemical components and pharmacology. The proteins from ginseng are also of great importance for both nutrition value and the mechanism of secondary metabolites. However, the proteomic studies are less reported in the absence of the genome information. With the completion of ginseng genome sequencing, the proteome profiling has become available for the functional study of ginseng protein components. Methods: We optimized the protein extraction process systematically by using SDS-PAGE and one-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The extracted proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional chromatography separation and cutting-edge mass spectrometry technique. Results: A total of 2,732 and 3,608 proteins were identified from ginseng root and cauline leaf, respectively, which was the largest data set reported so far. Only around 50% protein overlapped between the cauline leaf and root tissue parts because of the function assignment for plant growing. Further gene ontology and KEGG pathway revealed the distinguish difference between ginseng root and leaf, which accounts for the photosynthesis and metabolic process. With in-deep analysis of functional proteins related to ginsenoside synthesis, we interestingly found the cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase expression extensively in cauline leaf but not in the root, indicating that the post glucoside synthesis of ginsenosides might be carried out when growing and then transported to the root at withering. Conclusion: The systematically proteome analysis of Panax ginseng will provide us comprehensive understanding of ginsenoside synthesis and guidance for artificial cultivation.

Compression Property of Curved Three-dimensional Flat-knitted Spacer Fabric Composites under Quasi-static Loading

Xiaoying Li,Shuang Yu,Pibo Ma,Gaoming Jiang,Honglian Cong 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.9

In order to study the compression property of curved three-dimensional(3D) flat-knitted spacer fabric compositesand to provide experimental data for the study of subsequent low speed impact and residual strength, 3D flat-knitted spacerfabrics were knitted into flat and curvilinear shapes, then 3D flat-knitted spacer fabric composites curved in different angleswere developed. Compression tests on various curvilinear composites were carried out using the universal material testingmachine after which stress-strain curves are compared. The results revealed that when other experimental conditions are thesame, the coursewise compression peak was significantly higher than waleswise, and compression peak also graduallyincreased with the increase of curvature, no matter the surface of 3D spacer fabric reinforced composites is flat or curvilinear. This research will lay the foundation for the further mechanical property study of curved 3D spacer fabric composites.

Role of soy lecithin combined with soy isoflavone on cerebral blood flow in rats of cognitive impairment and the primary screening of its optimum combination

Li Hongrui,Wang Xianyun,Li Xiaoying,Zhou Xueyang,Wang Xuan,Li Tiantian,Xiao Rong,Xi Yuandi 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.2

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Soy isoflavone (SIF) and soy lecithin (SL) have beneficial effects on many chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Regretfully, there is little evidence to show the combined effects of these soy extractives on the impairment of cognition and abnormal cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study examined the optimal combination dose of SIF + SL to provide evidence for improving CBF and protecting cerebrovascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vivo study, SIF50 + SL40, SIF50 + SL80 and SIF50 + SL160 groups were obtained. Morris water maze, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), and hematoxylineosin staining were used to detect learning and memory impairment, CBF, and damage to the cerebrovascular tissue in rat. The 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected. The anti-oxidative damage index of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of an animal model was also tested. In vitro study, an immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEND.3 cells) was used to confirm the cerebrovascular endothelial cell protection of SIF + SL. In this study, 50 μM of Gen were used, while the 25, 50, or 100 μM of SL for different incubation times were selected first. The intracellular levels of 8-OHdG, SOD, GSH, and GSSG were also detected in the cells. RESULTS: In vivo study, SIF + SL could increase the target crossing times significantly and shorten the total swimming distance of rats. The CBF in the rats of the SIF50 + SL40 group and SIF50 + SL160 group was enhanced. Pathological changes, such as attenuation of the endothelium in cerebral vessels were much less in the SIF50 + SL40 group and SIF50 + SL160 group. The 8-OHdG was reduced in the SIF50 + SL40 group. The GSSG showed a significant decrease in all SIF + SL pretreatment groups, but the GSH showed an opposite result. SOD was upregulated by SIF + SL pretreatment. Different combinations of Genistein (Gen)+SL, the secondary proof of health benefits found in vivo study, showed they have effective antioxidation and less side reaction on protecting cerebrovascular endothelial cell. SIF50 + SL40 in rats experiment and Gen50 + SL25 in cell test were the optimum joint doses on alleviating cognitive impairment and regulating CBF through protecting cerebrovascular tissue by its antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS: SIF+SL could significantly prevent cognitive defect induced by β-Amyloid through regulating CBF. This kind of effect might be attributed to its antioxidant activity on protecting cerebral vessels.

An exchange bias observed in Tb/Cr/FeCo trilayers with ultrathin Cr layer at low temperature

Sun Li,Li Xiaoyan,Zhang Yiwei,Song Hengbo,Zhang Wen,Kou Zhaoxia,Zhang Dong,Liu Xiaoying,Fei Hongyang,Pan Mengmei,Zhao Zhibin,Zhai Ya 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.44 No.-

Positive exchange bias field (He) is observed in Tb/Cr (tCr)/FeCo trilayers at 5 K without cooling field, and negative He for Tb/FeCo bilayer. The negative He of Tb/FeCo implies the FM coupling at the interface due to Co and Fe dominate in the magnetization of the ferrimagnetic interlayer alloy of FeCo and Tb. With the inserting of Cr layer, this situation is broken, and the positive He implies the antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling. A peak of He = 6.0 mT for trilayers with tCr = 1.5 nm is corresponding to the minimum value of coercivity as a function of tCr at 5 K, which is used to study the effect of the cooling field (Hfc) on He as a function of temperature. It is found that Hfc of 100 mT triggers He from positive to negative at T ≤ 15 K. The magnetoresistance results also confirm the coexistence of multiple MR mechanisms in these trilayers.

Epigenetic inactivation of ACAT1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition of clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Han Peipei,Wu Shu,Li Limei,Li Danping,Zhao Jun,Zhang Haishan,Wang Yifang,Zhong Xuemin,Zhang Zhe,Li Ping,Matskova Liudmila,Zhou Xiaoying 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.4

Background: Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a key enzyme catalyzing the production of mitochondrial ketone bodies. We have shown that ACAT1 is down-regulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) previously. Objective: To investigate the reasons for downregulation of ACAT1 in KIRC and explore the underlying mechanisms involved in metastatic inhibition regulated by ACAT1. Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was queried for meta-analysis of ACAT1 mRNA expression in KIRC. The UALCAN website was used to compare the methylation levels of the ACAT1 promoter region in KIRC and normal tissues. RT-qPCR was used to quantitate ACAT1 transcription levels. The GCBI and Tarbase V.8 databases were used to predict miRNAs that may target the mRNA of ACAT1. The correlation between mRNA expression of ACAT1, MMP7 (matrix metallopeptidase 7), CDH1 (E-cadherin), EpCAM (epithelial cell adhesion molecule), and VIM (vimentin) was analyzed. Extracellular MMP7 protein was quantitated using an ELISA assay. Results: The methylation level of the ACAT1 promoter region in KIRC was significantly higher than that in the normal kidney tissues. The ACAT1 mRNA expression in the KIRC cell lines was restored after treatment with 5-aza-dC (p < 0.05). MiR-21-5p is a conserved microRNA targeting ACAT1. It is expressed at a significantly higher level in KIRC than in normal tissues (p < 0.001). MiR-21-5p miRNA expression negatively correlates with ACAT1 mRNA expression. The expression of miR-21-5p is higher at the T3-T4 stages and in the histologic grades G3-G4. Patients with high miR-21-5p expression tended to have lower overall survival, suggesting that miR-21-5p could serve as a potentially valuable diagnostic biomarker for KIRC (AUC = 0.957; p < 0.001). A mimetic of miR-21-5p inhibited the expression of ACAT1 mRNA and protein. In addition, ACAT1 mRNA expression positively correlates with CDH1 and EpCAM but is negatively correlated with VIM. Overexpression of ACAT1 suppresses the secretion of MMP7 in KIRC cells. Conclusion: Expression of ACAT1 in KIRC is controlled at two levels, firstly by the hypermethylation of the ACAT1 promoter region and secondly by overexpression of miR-21-5p. Downregulation of ACAT1 expression correlates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Plasma D-dimer Can Effectively Predict the Prospective Occurrence of Ascites in Advanced Schistosomiasis Japonica Patients

Xiaoying Wu,Jianwei Ren,Zulu Gao,Yun Xu,Huiqun Xie,Tingfang Li,Yanhua Cheng,Fei Hu,Hongyun Liu,Zhihong Gong,Jinyi Liang,Jia Shen,Zhen Liu,Feng Wu,Xi Sun,Zhongzheng Niu,An Ning 대한기생충학열대의학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.55 No.2

Development and efficacy of three poison baits against Blattella germanica under laboratory conditions

Li Yalei,Lan Xiaoying,Qian Kun,Liu Jinlin,Wang Zongqing 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

Bait formulations are widely used for controlling the German cockroach, but cockroaches increasingly come into aversion and resistance to bait formulations. To optimize baits and delay insecticides resistance to Blattella germanica, five insecticides with different mechanisms of action were selected to test the stomach toxicity of B. germanica, and twelve nutrient-rich foods were selected to test the palatability of B. germanica in the research. The results revealed that flufiprole and dinotefuran had a significant effect on the decrease of B. germanica population, whereas hydramethylnon, permethrin did not work well in 72 h stomach toxicity and acrinathrin had a short potency in pesticide formulation because of its semi-volatile physical properties. Furthermore, B. germanica prefers the poison bait to rat feed. This research represents the bait consisting of peanut powder and maltose (9:1) has the best palatability to B. germanica, and flufiprole and dinotefuran have a lot of potential in baits development and application.

Multi-scale and Interactive Visual Analysis of Public Bicycle System

( Xiaoying Shi ),( Yang Wang ),( Fanshun Lv ),( Xiaohang Yang ),( Qiming Fang ),( Li Zhang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2019 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.13 No.6

Public bicycle system (PBS) is a new emerging and popular mode of public transportation. PBS data can be adopted to analyze human movement patterns. Previous work usually focused on specific scales, and the relationships between different levels of hierarchies are ignored. In this paper, we introduce a multi-scale and interactive visual analytics system to investigate human cycling movement and PBS usage condition. The system supports level-of-detail explorative analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics in PBS. Visual views are designed from global, regional and microcosmic scales. For the regional scale, a bicycle network is constructed to model PBS data, and an flow-based community detection algorithm is applied on the bicycle network to determine station clusters. In contrast to the previous used Louvain algorithm, our method avoids producing super-communities and generates better results. We provide two cases to demonstrate how our system can help analysts explore the overall cycling condition in the city and spatio-temporal aggregation of stations.

Three-Dimensional FeSe2 Microflowers Assembled by Nanosheets: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Catalytic Activity for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Xiaoying Chang,Jikang Jian,Gemei Cai,Rong Wu,Jin Li 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.2

Three-dimensional FeSe2 microflowers were synthesized for the firsttime by a facile solvothermal method, using FeCl2·4H2O and seleniumpowder as raw materials, along with ethanolamine as solvent. Theproducts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanningelectron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS),transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the FeSe2 microflowersconsist of nanosheets with a thickness of about 50 - 80 nm. The Ramanspectrum shows the characteristic peaks of Se-Se vibration modes. Theoptical band gap of the sample was determined to be 1.48 eV by UVvisibleabsorption spectroscopy. The photoluminescence properties ofthe FeSe2 microflowers and their catalytic activity for the hydrogenevolution reaction were also assessed. Finally, a possible growthmechanism of the FeSe2 microflowers is proposed.

Energy Efficient Sequential Sensing in Multi-User Cognitive Ad Hoc Networks: A Consideration of an ADC Device

Xiaoying Gan,Miao Xu,He Li 한국통신학회 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

Cognitive networks (CNs) are capable of enabling dynamic spectrum allocation, and thus constitute a promising technology for futurewireless communication.Whereas, the implementation of CN will lead to the requirement of an increased energyarrival rate, which is a significant parameter in energy harvesting design of a cognitive user (CU) device. A well-designed spectrumsensing scheme will lower the energy-arrival rate that is required and enable CNs to self-sustain, which will also help alleviate global warming. In this paper, spectrum sensing in a multi-user cognitive ad hoc network with a wide-band spectrum is considered. Based on the prospective spectrum sensing, we classify CN operation into two modes: Distributed and centralized. In a distributed network,each CU conducts spectrum sensing for its own data transmission,while in a centralized network, there is only one cognitive cluster header which performs spectrum sensing and broadcasts its sensing results to other CUs. Thus, a wide-band spectrum that is divided into multiple sub-channels can be sensed simultaneously in a distributed manner or sequentially in a centralized manner.We consider the energy consumption for spectrum sensing only of an analog-to-digital convertor (ADC). By formulating energy consumption for spectrum sensing in terms of the sub-channel sampling rate and whole-band sensing time, the sampling rate and whole-band sensing time that are optimal for minimizing the total energy consumption within sensing reliability constraints are obtained. A power dissipation model of an ADC, which plays an important role in formulating the energy efficiency problem, is presented. Using AD9051 as an ADC example, our numerical results show that the optimal sensing parameters will achieve a reduction in the energy-arrival rate of up to 97.7% and 50% in a distributed and a centralized network, respectively, when comparing the optimal and worst-case energy consumption for given system settings.