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Zhonglin Chen,Qian Zhou,Feng Leng,Bing Dai,Xueyang Zhao,Weichen Zhang,Neng Liu,Wei Guan,Kui Liu 대한환경공학회 2017 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.22 No.3
The joint effect of different concentrations (0.05-0.375 mmol/L) of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and various concentrations (50-400 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc] on the growth and physiology of wheat seedlings were investigated. The toxicity of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> could be significantly reduced by lower concentrations (50-200 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc]. With higher concentration (≥ 300 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc], the reduction became less, and compared to Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> stress only, the toxicity of 400 mg/L [C3mim][OAc] increased. As for different Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentrations, the optimal reduction depends on the balance between the exact concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> and [C3mim][OAc]: With low Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration (0.05-0.250 mmol/L) requiring 50 mg/L [C3mim][OAc], it could reach a dynamic equilibrium, while high Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration (0.375 mmol/L) requiring 100 mg/L [C3mim][OAc]. The growth and physiological indexes of wheat seedlings show a decrease in toxicity compared to the Cd alone treatment, when the dynamic equilibrium is reached. The concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> in leaf tissues showed that low concentration (50-200 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc] can reduce the toxicity of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> (0.05-0.375 mmol/L) by decreasing the level of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP> concentration in the tissues, whereas the higher concentration (≥ 300 mg/L) of [C3mim][OAc] can increase the concentration of Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>.
Li Hongrui,Wang Xianyun,Li Xiaoying,Zhou Xueyang,Wang Xuan,Li Tiantian,Xiao Rong,Xi Yuandi 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.2
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Soy isoflavone (SIF) and soy lecithin (SL) have beneficial effects on many chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Regretfully, there is little evidence to show the combined effects of these soy extractives on the impairment of cognition and abnormal cerebral blood flow (CBF). This study examined the optimal combination dose of SIF + SL to provide evidence for improving CBF and protecting cerebrovascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: In vivo study, SIF50 + SL40, SIF50 + SL80 and SIF50 + SL160 groups were obtained. Morris water maze, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), and hematoxylineosin staining were used to detect learning and memory impairment, CBF, and damage to the cerebrovascular tissue in rat. The 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected. The anti-oxidative damage index of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of an animal model was also tested. In vitro study, an immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEND.3 cells) was used to confirm the cerebrovascular endothelial cell protection of SIF + SL. In this study, 50 μM of Gen were used, while the 25, 50, or 100 μM of SL for different incubation times were selected first. The intracellular levels of 8-OHdG, SOD, GSH, and GSSG were also detected in the cells. RESULTS: In vivo study, SIF + SL could increase the target crossing times significantly and shorten the total swimming distance of rats. The CBF in the rats of the SIF50 + SL40 group and SIF50 + SL160 group was enhanced. Pathological changes, such as attenuation of the endothelium in cerebral vessels were much less in the SIF50 + SL40 group and SIF50 + SL160 group. The 8-OHdG was reduced in the SIF50 + SL40 group. The GSSG showed a significant decrease in all SIF + SL pretreatment groups, but the GSH showed an opposite result. SOD was upregulated by SIF + SL pretreatment. Different combinations of Genistein (Gen)+SL, the secondary proof of health benefits found in vivo study, showed they have effective antioxidation and less side reaction on protecting cerebrovascular endothelial cell. SIF50 + SL40 in rats experiment and Gen50 + SL25 in cell test were the optimum joint doses on alleviating cognitive impairment and regulating CBF through protecting cerebrovascular tissue by its antioxidant activity. CONCLUSIONS: SIF+SL could significantly prevent cognitive defect induced by β-Amyloid through regulating CBF. This kind of effect might be attributed to its antioxidant activity on protecting cerebral vessels.