관절염 환자의 민속요법이용 형태

은영,강현숙,이은옥,이인숙,이종수 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1997 간호학 논문집 Vol.11 No.1

This sty was undertaken to explore the utilization patterns of medical treatment and herb medicine in patients with arthrits. The data were collected from 995 patients who were registered either in a center of rheumatology or resided in community with arthritis. The data were analyzed by percentile, t-test and chi-square test using SAS PC program. The results of this study were as follows; 1. According to characteristics of sample-population, mean age was 57.7 years, duration of arthritis 9.7 years and mean duration of pain 2.4 hours per day at present. 2. First diagnosis was identified at department of orthopedic surgery or local clinic. But 85.2% of patients have transferred to the center of reumatology currently. But ironically over 70% of patients experienced the herb treatment and herb treatment had hern medicine simultaneous with medical treatment. This indicated that they were shopping around of treatment during the first one year. 3. Mean cost of medical treatment was 67,400 won, while they payed to herb medicine as much as two or three times. The utilization rate of herb medicine was 36.5% of patients per one year. Costs of herb-treatment were 182,000 Won and herb medicine was 36.6% of patients per one year. Costs of herb -treatment were 182,000 Won and herb medicine 149,100 Won. 4. Eighty point six percent of patients were experienced herb medicine during life-time. One hundred and seventy four kinds herb medicine were found to be used by patients, most of which were nutrients, muscle relaxants, andtiphlogistics and analgesics. Thirty two point six percent of users recognized that herb medicine were effective but 51.7% did not. In conclusion, arthritis patients have been experienced various kinds of drug and remedies for treatment. And they wasted their limited medical and economical resources on these unresonable remedies. Therefore, they should be guided for wise decision about treatment. Futher studies in nursing will be required to explore the value system of patients about herb medicine, the determinant factors of shopping-around patterns of treatment, and the coping mechanism for chronic pain or aggravating symptom.

하루 콩단백질 25g 섭취를 위한 메뉴작성 및 영양성분 분석

한재숙,김정애,서봉순,이연정,서향순,조연숙,한경필,이신정,오옥희,우경자,조은자,구성자,김수진,李承彦,南出隆久 동아시아식생활학회 2002 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop menus for daily intake of 25g soybean protein and to analyse nutrients of these foods. Analytical values were compared to the theoretical one using the food composition table and recommended dietary allowances for Koreans (7th revision). The results are as follows. 1. Soybean curd residue stew, Soybean curd, Kimchi saute, and hard boiled soybean and lotus root were selected for the menu for January, of which the content of soy bean protein(SBP) was 33.1g, soybean stew, soybean curd and soybean sprout saute, and Italian deep fried soybean curd were for February, of which the content of SBP was 35.0g. The content of SBP in soybean paste soup with soybean curd, fried soybean curd and fried soybean curd roll, the menu for March, was 24.9g. That of April were soybean curd gratin with soymilk, soybean curd and ham with garlic dressing and the content of SBP was 26.3g. That of May were soybean porridge, soybean flour cake with honey (Dasik), soybean sprout soup and the content of SBP was 26.7g. That of June were soymilk, pan-fried soybean curd, steamed soybean curd with chicken and the content of SBP was 28.4g. That of July were noodle with soymilk, mapatofu, soybean curd salad and the content of SBP was 24.7g. That of August were soybean sprout with mustard dressing, Tossed green pepper with raw soybean flour, Tofu and Kimchi stew, soybean curd steak and the content of SBP was 26.2g. That of September were Chinese cabbage soup with raw soybean flour, sweet and sour tofu and the content of SBP was 23.2g. That of Oct. were Fermented soybean stew, soybean pan cake and the content of SBP was 24.3g. That of November were not-pressed soybean curd casserole, pan-fried mashed soybean curd with egg, stir frying deep-fried soybean curd with vegetables and the content of SBP was 22.4g. That of December were soybean curd and mushroom casserole, fried soybean curd and vegetables, hard boiled soybean curd and the content of SBP was 28.9g. 2. The ratio of the analytical value over theoretical value (A/B%) of one serving in kcal, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were 57.7~107.7%, 42.9~131.9%, 79.2~118.3%, 54.5~100%, 40.7~80.8% and 42.1~113.2%, respectively. 3. The ratio of A/B% of one serving in Ca, K, Na, P and Fe were 44.1~93.6%, 59.0~153.1%, 53.1~117.7% 64.6%~138.8 and 33.8~77.3%, respectively. That in Fe was the lowest among minerals. 4. The ratio of analytical value over Korean R.D.A(A/C%) in Ca was relatively higher (22.0~85.9%) than that in kcal(18~63%). 5. The ratio of A/C% in Fe was 25.1~64.3% and lower than that in Ca and protein in general.

FET형 CO₂센서의 제조 및 감응특성

이은숙,이영철,정지영,윤종훈,김창수,손병기,이흥락 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

A FET type micro CO_(2) sensor based on a Severinghaus type arrangement has been prepared and its response characteristics were examined. The sensor was fabricated by formation of hydrogel layer containing bicarbonate/chloride ions on the PH-ISFET and the Ag/AgCl reference electrode prepared by the thermal evaporation and chemical chloridation methods. And then gas-permeable membrane was dip-coated on the hydrogel layer of the sensor. Gas-permeable membranes were fabricated with silicon rubber and polyurethane dissolved in toluene and THF, respectively. The CO_(2) sensor with the silicon rubber membrane showed better sensitivity and lower detection limit than the CO_(2) sensor with the polyurethane membrane for dissolved CO_(2). The sensor with silicon rubber membrane at optimal conditions showed a good response: linear range of 1.60X10^(-4) ~ 4.40X10^(-2) M CO_(2), sensitivity of 57.30 mV/decade, and detection limit of 7.50x10^(-4) M.

저온 저장 감귤에서의 MA포장의 효과

이상백,김은정,고영환,고정삼 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.2

The effects of MA packaging on the low temperature storage of satsuma mandarin, overwintering satsuma and Kiyomi tangor were investigated. Thickness of film, holes in film and incorporation of antimicrobial agent were considered as parameters for MA packaging. Chitosan was applied to surface of fruits to determine the effects of coation during MA storage. Thickness of film and holes in a bag did not affect decay ratios in three fruits. Decay ratio of satsuma mandarin packaged with LDPE film with 2-5% ceramic antimicrobial agent slightly decreased. Chitosan coating lowered decay ratio of fruit during MA storage. MA packaging with LDPE film was effective in lowering weight loss and preventing delamination of fruits. MA packaging did not affect qualities of fruit during storage.

성인 급성 림프구성백혈병 고위험군에서 일차관해시 동종 및 자가 조혈모세포이식의 성적 비교 : 단일기관 치료경험 A Single Center Experience

이석,민우성,민창기,김동욱,이종욱,김유진,박은정,박윤희,김춘추 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.2

배경:성인 ALL에서 동종 조혈모세포이식은 전처치요법 및 이식편대백혈병 효과에 의한 효과적인 백혈병세포의 제거가 가능하다는 측면에서 활발히 시행되고 있으나 자가 조혈모세포이식과 화학요법과의 비교 연구에서는 대상환자의 다양성 등으로 인하여 상이한 결과가 보고되었다. 그러나 최근 진단당시 환자의 임상적·세포생물학적 특성 및 관해유도요법 후의 백혈병세포의 제거 속도 등을 기준으로 한 위험인자가 정의되면서 이를 근간으로 위험도에 따른 관해 후 치료방침의 결정이 타당성 있는 접근방법으로 제시되고 있고, 특히 고위험군에서의 동종 조혈모세포이식의 역할이 강조되고 있다. 방법: 성인 ALL 고위험군에서 일차 완전관해시 동종 조혈모세포이식의 역할을 규명하기 위해 최근 5년간 가톨릭의대 조혈모세포이식센터에서 ALL로 진단 후 일차 완전관해 상태에서 동종 및 자가 조혈모세포이식을 시행받고 임상적 특성과 세포면역학적 특성 및 세포유전학적 검사결과가 모두 확인 가능하였던 환자 중 고위험군에 해당된 50례를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 고위험군은 진단시 연령이 30세 이상인 경우, 백혈구수가 30,000/μL 이상인 경우, 관해유도기간이 30일 이상 소요된 경우, Ph 혹은 t(4;11)이 동반된 경우 중 하나 이상의 인자를 갖고 있는 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 중앙연령은 30세(15~43세)이었고, 남녀 비는 27:23이었다. FAB 분류상 L1 29례(58.0%), L2 21례(42.0%)였으며, precursor B-lineage 항원이 양성인 경우는 36례(72.0%), T-세포 항원이 양성인 경우는 9례(18.0%), 골수구계 항원이 동시에 발현된 경우는 5례(10.0%)였다. 세포유전학적 검사상 23례(46.0%)에서 불량한 염색체유형 [Ph 19례, t(4;11) 4례]이 동반되었다. 전체 환자 중 31례에서 동종 조혈모세포이식을 시행하였으며, 19례에서는 자가 조혈모세포이식이 시행되었다. 동종 및 자가 조혈모세포이식 환자군간의 임상적 특성은 양군간의 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대상환자의 중앙 추적관찰기간은 27개월(7~72개월)이었고, 전체 환자의 2년 무병생존율 및 전체생존율은 각각 59.0±7.6%, 68.2±7.1%이었다. 조혈모세포이식에 따른 치료성적을 비교한 결과 전체생존율은 동종 조혈모세포이식군 71.4±8.6%, 자가 조혈모세포이식군 62.7±12.4%로 양군간의 유의한 차이가 없었던 반면, 재발율은 동종 조혈모세포이식군에서 유의하게 낮은 빈도를 보였으며(25.8% vs 52.6%, P=0.05), 무병생존율에 있어서도 각각 70.6±9.0%, 42.1±12.2%로 동종 조혈모세포이식군에서 보다 높은 경향을 보였다(P=0.07). 이식 후 생존율에 영향을 주는 위험인자를 분석한 결과, 진단시 연령, 백혈구수, 관해유도기간에 따른 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 다만 Ph 혹은 t(4;11)이 동반된 경우에서 무병생존율이 동종(28.5±16.0% vs 94.4±5.4%, P=0.0002) 및 자가 조혈모세포이식군(18.1±11.6% vs 80.0±17.8%, P=0.0046) 모두에서 유의하게 감소되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 일차관해시 조혈모세포이식을 시행받은 고위험군 성인 ALL에서는 관해 후 치료법으로써 동종 조혈모세포이식이 우선적으로 고려될 수 있는 치료법임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 추후 국내에서도 보다 장기간의 추적관찰을 통한 전향적 임상연구를 시행하여 보다 정립된 관해 후 치료방침의 결정 필요성을 제시하였다는 측면에서 임상적 의의가 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background:Optimal postremission therapy remains controversial in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this study, we compared allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (alloBMT) with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (autoPBSCT) using the result of the human leukocyte antigen typing (HLA). Methods:Patients were eligible if they were in first remission (CR1) and had either: adverse cytogenetics [Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), t(4;11)], age >30 years, required more than 1 induction course to achieve remission (time-to-CR1 >30 days) or presenting WBC >30,000/μL. From July 1994 to June 1999, 50 consecutive adult patients with high-risk ALL underwent HLA-matched alloBMT (n=31) or autoPBSCT (n=19) at the Catholic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center. Results:There were 27 males and 23 females with median age 30 (range, 15~43) years. The distribution of phenotype was as follows: L1 (n=29), L2 (n=21), precursor B (n=36), T (n=9), myeloid marker coexpression (n=5). Adverse cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis were shown in 23 (46.0%) cases. All pretransplant characteristics were well balanced between these two groups. Most patients were treated with total body irradiation containing regimen as part of the conditioning. With a median follow-up of 27 months in both groups, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival probabilities at 2 years were 59.0±7.6% and 68.2±7.1%, respectively. The relapse rates were significantly different between alloBMT and autoPBSCT groups (25.8% vs 52.6%, P=0.05). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. However, alloBMT had a trend toward better DFS (70.6±9.0% vs 42.1±12.2%, P=0.07). None of the pretransplant characteristics significantly affected outcome after transplantation, except adverse cytogenetics. Prognosis of ALL with Ph or t(4;11) was significantly poorer than that of the remaining high-risk ALL patients (P<0.01). Conclusion: We conclude that alloBMT appears to be more effective than autoPBSCT in prolonging initial CR for high-risk ALL patients. Prospective studies addressing additional clinical variables are needed to guide clinical decision making about transplant choices for adult patients with ALL. New therapeutic strategies for the management of ALL with adverse cytogenetics will be also required.

다중 장치 지원 모바일 응용서버 설계

정은경,변영철,이상준 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2003 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, we propose the design of the application server which provides internet services for the mobile devices such as a mobile phone and PDA, etc. The neutral form of mobile application which can be requested by various kinds of mobile devices is created and deployed to the proposed application server. The mobile application server supplies the content transformed according to the constraints and features of a mobile device. By using the server, a user can use many kinds of mobile devices at the same time, and only one session can be created and maintained at the server. The mobile application server is composed of the tree modules: Mobile Request Generator, Mobile Engine, and Environmental Adoptation module. The Mobile Request Generator module receives the mobile request from a mobile device and creates the mobile request information supplied to the Mobile Engine module. The Mobile Engine module processes the mobile application requested and creates a content which will be sent to a mobile device. The Environmental Adaptation module transforms the output of Mobile Engine into the contents that a mobile device can display. In this way, the proposed mobile application server can support various kinds of mobile devices using a neutral form of internet service.

「부인필지」에 수록된 주식류와 침채류 조리법에 관한 문헌적 고찰

이미정,김기숙,신은하 중앙대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학논집 Vol.13 No.-

"Puinpilji" was written in 1915. We compared the cooking methods of the kinds of staple food and Chimche in "Puinpilji" with those in other cooking books. Patbap, without adding boiled redbean itself, was cooked with the boiled redbean water. The sweetness and color of Yakbap came from honey and the boiled jujube water. Tarakjuk was cooked with the same amount of milk and water. When rice was half cooked, milk was added. Patjuk was made by boiling together with a large amount of jujube and redbean. On kneading Saeal, ginger-juice was added. Tongchimi-kukmul and Jidan was used in Myongwolkwan-Naengmyon. The characteristics of Ouyuk-kimchi was that the boiled water with meat and dried fish was added to Kimchi. And also, Myongwol-Saengchiche made by adding meat of pheasant to Tongchimi-kukmul and Chonbok-chimche made by adding various materials to Junbok soaked in water were introduced in the text.

시멘틱 웹 환경에서의 온톨로지 기반의 정보검색

정은경,김영민,변영철,이상준,박경린 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.16 No.2

온톨로지는 시멘틱 웹을 구현하기 위한 이론이다. 온톨로지는 웹자원의 효과적인 검색, 통합, 재사용을 위한 새로운 기술이고 사람과 이질의 응용 시스템 간에 지식을 공유하고 재사용하기 위한 방법을 제공한다. 온톨로지의 역할은 특별한 개념을 명세화하는 것이다. 도메인과 일반적인 온톨로지는 정보와 지식 시스템을 분석하고 디자인하는 측면에서 공유, 통합, 재사용될 수 있다. 본 연구는 제주도의 숙박과 관광정보를 위한 온톨로지를 디자인하는데 목적이 있다. 그리고 제안된 온톨로지 기반으로 인터넷 웹 검색 시스템을 만드는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에 의해 클라이언트가 사용하는 표현은 다르지만 뜻이 같은 동의어에 의해 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 것을 알게 되었다. Ontologies are formal theories that are suitable for implementing the semantic web. Which is a new technology that attempts to achieve effective retrieval, integration, and reuse of web resources. Ontologies provide a way of sharing and reusing the knowledge among the people and the heterogeneous application systems. The role of ontologies is that of making explicit specified conceptualizations. In this context, domain and generic ontologies can be shared, reused, and integrated in the analysis and design stage of information and knowledge systems. This study aims to design an ontology for juju lodges and tour, and build an Internet web retrieval system based on the proposed ontologies. This study found that we can take the same result for synonym that cilent use.

직업적응훈련이 장애인의 인지능력에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구

배은지,이문정 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2005 再活科學硏究 Vol.23 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of work adjustment training for improving cognitive abilities of individuals with disabilities. The degree of changing on cognitive abilities was tested on the effects of changes between before and after that the work adjustment training program for individuals with disabilities. The results were utilized as measurement tools for the improvement of work adjustment training for individuals with disabilities. The followings was the findings obtained through date analysis in this paper. First, as the result of t-test, this verified that work adjustment program has positive effects on increasing the attention, discrimination, reasoning, perception and cooperation of students with disabilities. Second, it was found to significantly affect a sub-factor of attention (middle score of the reaction time), a sub-factor of reasoning (the number of correct answer), a sub-factor of discrimination and perception (the accuracy). Also, a sub-factor of coordination (total average time, error time, percentage error time, and ideal range time) were found to significantly like that. On the other hand, it was not found significantly to influence on a sub-factor of attention (the correct), a sub-factor of reasoning (performance speed), a sub-factor of perception and discrimination (perception speed). 본 연구의 목적은 직업적응훈련이 장애인의 인지능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 대구대학교 재활과학대학 직업재활 임상실습실 훈련생들을 대상으로 직업적응훈련프로그램 실시전과 실시후 인지능력의 변화정도를 파악하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인지능력 요인 변화에 있어서 직업에서 요구되는 중요한 인지요인인 주의집중력, 변별력, 추리력, 지각력, 협응능력은 긍정적인 변화가 있는 것으로 나타나 직업훈련프로그램이 인지능력 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 둘째, 주의집중력의 하위요인인 반응시간의 중앙값과 변별력, 지각력의 하위요인인 정확도, 추리력의 하위요인인 정답수, 협응능력의 하위요인인 총 평균시간 및 평균오류시간, 퍼센트 오류시간, 이상적 범위시간은 유의미한 차이가 나타났으나 그 외의 주의집중력의 하위요인인 정답과 변별력, 지각력의 하위요인인 인지속도, 추리력의 하위요인인 수행시간에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않아 일부 하위요인은 직업적응훈련프로그램의 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

정신분열증 음성증상에 대한 단기 토큰경제의 효과와 치료인자

안정숙,이연덕,방형석,박정은,신정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

연구목적 : 정신분열증의 음성증상은 약물치료에 잘 반응하지 않은 채로 남아 재활을 어렵게 한다. 본 연구는 정신분열증환자의 음성증상을 개선시키는데 토큰경제치료(TET)가 효과가 있는 지를 조사하고, 종합병원의 정신과병동 여건에 맞는 TET 프로그램을 개발하고자 시행되었다. 연구방법 : 정신과병동에 입원치료중 음성증상이 주문제가 되어 삼개월 이하의 단기 TET를 받은 정신분열증환자 35사례를 대상으로, PANSS음성증상척도를 사용하여 TET의 효과를 조사하였다. 또한 목표행동의 각 수준별로 성공집단과 실패집단의 환자 변인과 프로그램 변인을 비교함으로써 치료인자를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구결과 : 1) 음성소척도 총점은 기저선 관찰기간의 31.57±4.32점에서 TET 종료시 20.66±4.63점으로 낮아졌다. TET종료시 음성소척도의 7개 증상 모두 감소하였으나 추상적 사고의 장애와 상동적 사고는 다른 5개 소척도 증상에 비해 상대적으로 덜 개선되었다. 또한 TET 기간 동안 항정신증약물의 용량은 487.58±372.79mg/day로부터 291.21±287.74mg/day로 감소하였다. 2) 자조기술 수준(Ⅰ)에 속한 항목들의 성공률은 75%, 병동활동 수준(Ⅱ)에서는 78%, 사회기술 및 작업 수준(Ⅲ)에서는 68%로서, 전체 목표행동에 대한 TET의 성공률은 74%였다. 3) 수준 Ⅱ의 성공집단은 실패집단보다 TET 종료시 항정신병약물의 투약용량이 유의하게 낮았으며, 수준 Ⅲ의 성공집단은 실패집단보다 입원경력이 유의하게 적었다(p<.05). 수준 Ⅰ에서는 간식신청, 면회, 가족외출 등이, 수준 Ⅱ에서는 면회가 강화물로 적용되었을 때 성공률이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과는 TET가 정신분열증환자의 음성증상에 효과적인 치료법임을 보여준다. TET의 효율향상과 원할한 운용을 위해서는 개별화된 프로그램을 개발하려는 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. Objective : The negative symptoms of schizophrenia usually are not responsive to drug therapy to persist and make schizophrenics more difficult in their rehabilitation. The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of token economy(TET) for negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients, and attempted to develop a TET program for psychiatric wards in general hospital. Methods : Negative subscale of PANSS was rated for 35 schizophrenics with negative symptoms as their main problems before and after short-term TET(less than 3 months). Therapeutic factors were identified by comparing patient and program variables between the achieved and the non-achieved group of each level of target behaviors. Results : 1) Subtotal of negative subscale of PANSS was decreased from 31.57±4.32 at baseline to 20.66±4.63 after treatment. With TET, symptoms of 'difficulty in abstract thinking' and 'stereotypic thinking' were less responsive than the other 5 items of the scale. Also the dose of antipsychotics prescribed was reduced to 291.21±287.74mg/day from 487.58±372.79mg/day. 2) The achievement rate of level Ⅰ(self-help) was 75%, level Ⅱ(ward-activity) 78%, and level Ⅲ(social activity/occupation) 68%, resulting in average 74% for all target behaviors. 3) On level Ⅱ, dose of antipsychotics was lower, and on level Ⅲ, number of admission was fewer and female sex was more frequent in achieving patient group than nonachieving group. The rate of achievement was higher in case of special food, reception, and outing with family applied as a reinforcer on level Ⅰ, and reception on level Ⅱ. Conclusion : These results showed that TET was effective for schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms in psychiatric ward. Further investigations to refine the individual program of TET will be needed for enhancement of it's therapeutic efficacy and smart application of it.