Effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic CS-A on performance in broiler chickens

Seong Soo Kang1*, Se Eun Kim, Ara Go, Kyung Mi Shim, Chun Sik Bae, Chang Jong Moon, Sung-Ho Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Jin-Cheol Yoo, Seung Sik Cho 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Probiotics, enzymes, organic acids, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, and other functional materials are actively being explored as alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics include live beneficial microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract and competitively inhibit attachment and growth of harmful microbes. Probiotics also increase feed efficiency by assisting in nutrient absorption and digestion. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a new probiotic, CS-A, as a dietary supplement of a fermented product on growth performance, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens, and to evaluate its value as an alternative for antibiotics used as a feed additive. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of CS-A were investigated in vitro and the in vivo effects of a constant concentration of supplemented CS-A on growth rate and feed efficiency were evaluated. In addition, the safety of CS-A was assessed by examination of common symptoms and mortality. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration revealed an excellent antibacterial effect of CS-A. Cytotoxicity was low and anti-inflammatory effects were achieved at the effective concentration of CS-A. Supplementation with 0.1% CS-A resulted in a feed efficiency score of 1.84 in broilers, compared to 2.00 in the control group. There were no adverse clinical findings, necropsy findings, hematology, and altered serum biochemistry parameters, and no mortality. Thus, it is concluded that CS-A is safe and effective as a feed additive.

일부 흡연 대학생의 지각된 스트레스와 흡연실태에 대한 상관관계 연구

강초록,권시내,권혜림,박수경,송인혜,오해인,이미지,한승아,황선아,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

In spite of the seriousness of smoking harm has been developed these days. the increase of national smoking rate and that the people in the twenties are especially leading the rise of national smoking rate is an important issue of national health. Smoking of the university students can occur health problem and cause loss of manpower and expenses in their social activity period. So then the actual state for prevention of smoking and development of a program to prohibit smoking has to be seized urgently and starting with the study of the realities of university students, the effort to find a related fluent of smoking has to be studied. Related to this, the purpose of this study is to seize the general characteristics of smoking university students and to find out the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students. In addition, by collating the relationship between perceived stress and smoking status among smoking university students we have the purpose to furnish the basal data of stress care, the best way to cope with stress through group training and the plan for nursing implementation to decrease the smoking rate. For this study, a survey was conducted for 204 smoking university students of 13 universities in Seoul from 9th of May to 16th of May, 2003. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, Pearson Correlation and ANOVA in the statistical packages SPSS/PC. Major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Of the 204 respondents 85.4% of them were male and 14.6% of them were female. The average age of the sample was 23.19 years old and 41.8% of them were in senior, 21.4% in junior, 16.9% in sophomore, 19.9% in freshman grade. The major motivation to start smoking was 'because of curiosity'(33.8%) and the first smoking experience was at 'senior high school' (41.9%) and at 'college' (41.9%). 2 The highest scored stress factor of smoking university students were stresses about school work. 3. 72.7% had experience to quit smoking at least one or more times. Most of the reason to keep on smoking was 'short will to quit'(51.0%) and the smoking place was usually at 'school' (41.4%). Most respondents for the number ofsmoking friends were '5 people and above' (73.2%). 4. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire perceived stress, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the perceived stress in 4 categories which is 'sex distinction', 'major of study', 'residence form' and' inmate'. 5. There was a negative relationship between the general characteristics and the entire smoking status, however, there was a positive relationship between the general characteristics and the smoking status in 2 categories which is 'presence of hobby' and 'number of smoking friends'. 6. There was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status. Through this study we have seized the relationship between the general characteristics, perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. There was a positive relationship between some of the general characteristics with the perceived stress and the smoking status of smoking university students. Also there was a negative relationship between the perceived stress and the smoking status.

점탄성 감쇠기의 최적설계

강경수 동명정보대학교 2002 건축도시연구소 저널 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study is to present the design method of visco-elastic dampers. The dynamics of visco-elastic dampers and support braces connected in series is modeled by state equation. A constraint on maximum story drifts which are computed using RMS's of story drifts and peak factors is added to the optimization problem. The number of variables is reduced by including the constraint associated with the dynamic behavior of the structure in the procedure to compute the gradient of the inequality equation about constraint on the maximum story drifts. In the design example, it is confirmed that the design of dampers considering support brace stiffness is necessary when sufficient brace stiffness can not be supplied. It is also found that unnecessary brace stiffness can be removed by adding brace stiffnessess to optimal design variables and that the increase of damper volumes to compensate for the variation of maximum story drift is pretty small.

새로운 14각형 펜타아자 거대고리 리간드의 Ni(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 착화합물의 합성과 성질

강신걸,정수경 대구대학교 부설 과학교육연구소 1992 과학교육 Vol.5 No.-

1, 4, 8, 11-테트라아자운데칸과 포름알데히드 그리고 일차아민류의 주형축합반응으로부터 14각형의 펜타아자 거대고리 리간드인 1-메틸, 1-에틸, 1-프로필, 1-부틸, 1-(2-메틸프로필) 및 1-벤질-1, 3, 5, 10, 13-펜타아자시클로테트라데칸(A, B, C, D, E, 및 F)의 Ni(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 착화합물들을 합성하였다. 착화합물[M(L)]^(2+)(M=Ni(Ⅱ)또는Cu(Ⅱ) : L=A, B, C, D, E, 또는 F)에 있는 네 개의 이차 질소원자는 5-6-5-6킬레이트 고리 배열을 한 평면사각형 구조로 배위되어 있으며 알킬기가 배위된 삼차 질소는 배위되지 않은 상태에 있다. 이들 착화합물의 합성과 스펙트럼 및 성질들이 논의된다. 합성된 펜타아자 거댁리 리간드의 Ni(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ) 착화합의 성질들은 유사한 구조의 테트라아자 또는 헥사아자 거대고리 착화합물의 성질과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않는다.

차량용 와이퍼 시스템 프레임의 형상 최적설계

강경수,이종호,우호길 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 2002 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

In this study, a shape optimization for a frame of a vehicle windshield wiper system is presented. This study investigated how to optimize a shape and minimize mass(volume) and the number of parts with sufficient strength of a frame instead of a conventional structure. The dffectiveness of this analysis procedure is expected to reduce development lead time &cost actually.

고주파 전극도자 절제술로 치료한 부자간에 발생한 Wolff-Parkinson-White 증후군

강보현,김현중,남궁준,김준수,홍경표,박정의,서정돈 대한순환기학회 2002 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.32 No.8

14각형 헥사아자 거대고리 구리(II)착물과 음이온의 반응에 미치는 리간드의 치환기 효과

姜信杰,李成得성득,權在槿,鄭守炅 大邱大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

Reactions of copper(In complexes of 1, 8-dimethyl-, 1, 8-diethyl-, and 1, 8-dipropyl-1, 3, 6, 8, 11, 13-hexaazacyclotertradecanes(A, B, and C, respectively) with halide and pseudohalide ions have been studied in aqueous solutions by spectrophotometric method. It is observed that the equilibrium constants(K) of these reactions decrease with the ligand structure in the order A> B>C for anions and decrase with the anions in the order SCN^(-)>N_(3)^(-)>Br^(-)>Cl^(-) for complexes. The values of K increased with increasing temperature. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from the equilibrium constants are investigated.

작용기를 가진 14각형 거대고리 리간드의 니켈(II) 및 구리(II) 착화합물들의 합성

강신걸,정수경,권재근 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究 Vol.7 No.-

New nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of the 14-membered macrocyclic ligands with functional groups 1, 8-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8,10,13-hexazacyclotetradecane(H) and 1, 8-bis(2-piperazinoethyl)-1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 13-hexaazacyclotetradecane( I) have been synthesised by the template condensations of ethylenediamine, formaldehyde, and appropriate amines in the presence of the metal ion. The complexes of H and I contain hydroxy ethyl pendant arms and piperazinoethyl pendant arms at the uncoordinated nitrogens of the ligands, respectiviely. [M(H)] (C104)2 (M=Ni(II) or Cu(II)), [M(H2I)] (C104)4(M=Ni(11) or Cu(11)), and [Ni (I )] (C104)2 have square planar geometry with 5-6-5-6 chelate ring sequence. The complexes are extremely stable in crystalline states and relatively stable in highly acidic solutions. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of the complexes are described.

數學의 槪念形成을 爲한 敎授·學習模型의 硏究

姜慶愛,申澤均,金大洙 대구교육대학교 1975 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

This study is attempted to develope a better way of forming the concepts of mathematics in teaching and learning. A lot of basic concepts of mathematics have been mostly instructed in the primary school in such a way as verbal explanation. Therefore, no opportunity has ever been given to pupils for their logical, rational way of thinking. Some teaching-learning ways of concepts formation has been already expressed but no teaching-learning pattern as to what steps must be taken for their instruction has been yet found. This paper aims at developing such a pattern and helping the inservice teachers apply it for the improvement of mathematics education. The concepts to be instructed in the primary school are divided into three-objective, operative and relative. As they are considerd to be taught in different ways, the fellowing patterns are made. The objective concepts are to be instructed in such a way as ① pattern presentation, ② comprehension as a set, ③ concepts building, ④ definition of concepts ⑤ application; the operative concepts as ① motivation, ② comprehension as a set, ③ concepts building, ④ being made into notation, ⑤ training for skill, the relative concepts as ① case presentation, ② comprehension as a set, ③ concepts building, ④ being made into notation, ⑤ application. According to this, <prism> was actually instructed in the sixth grade of primary school for the understanding of objective concepts; <adding> in the first grade for operative concepts; <perpendiculum> in the fourth grade for relative concepts. The results showed easy and correct understanding as well as logical and rational thinking on the part of school boys and girls. The assumption that the process of forming the three patterns may be different was wrong and a general model was mode: model presentation→comprehension as a set→concepts building→being made into notation→application. All that is needed is that the teaching method of each step should be different.

포장재질에 따른 김치의 저장성Ⅰ

강미정,윤경영,이광희,윤광섭,김광수 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

수출용 김치에 주로 사용되고 있는 유리병을 대상으로 유통과정 중 상품성 유지와 더불어 저장성 향상을 도모하고자 포장방법에 따른 저장성 효과를 비교ㆍ실험하였다. 포장방법은 유리병을 이용하여 밀폐포장과 투과성 포장을 하였으며 내부 포장재로 사용한 PE film 두께별(0.01, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1㎜) 저장성 향상능력을 비교하였다. 포장김치는 10℃에서 28일간 저장하면서 pH 및 산도, 색도의 변화와 관능적 품질변호를 측정하였다. 저장기간에 따른 pH와 산도의 변화에서 포장방법간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 밀폐 포장의 경우 film 두께가 다소 얇은 0.06, 0.01㎜ 처리구에서, 투과성 포장의 경우 film 두께가 다소 두꺼운 0.06, 0.08㎜ 처리구에서 높은 pH와 낮은 산도를 나타내었다. 특히 0.06㎜ 처리구의 경우 포장방법에 관계없이 control이나 타처리구에 비해 완만한 pH와 산도변화를 나타내었고, 상미한계점이 연장될 뿐만 아니라 효모에 의한 연부현상이나 탄산가스에 의한 뚜껑의 개봉이나 폭발음 등의 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 색도 측정시 저장 14일을 전후로 증가하던 L, a, b값이 감소하는 경향이었으며 이는 밀폐 포장과 투과성 포장에서 동일하게 나타났다. 관능적 품질평가에서 포장방법간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 신맛과 조직김이 유의적인 관계가 있는 것으로 보였고, 상미한계점을 경과할수록 조직감이 기호도를 좌우하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 0.06㎜ 투과성 포장시 밀폐 포장보다 신맛이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 저장 14일 이후부터는 0.06㎜ film 처리시 관능적 품질평가 전반에 걸쳐 우수한 것으로 인정(5%의 범위)되었다. 이상의 결과로 유리병포장의 경우 기체투과성이 높은 PE film으로 내부포장하는 것이 저장성 연장효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 특히 0.06㎜ film으로 밀폐 포장 또는 투과성 포장시 높은 저장성 연장효과와 더불어 탄산가스에 의한 팽창방지를 완화시킬 것으로 기대된다. The effect of various packaging methods on kimchi quality was investigated in order to develop the packaging techniques for preventing bottled kimchi products from inflation and expolsing, due to fermentative gas evolved during storage and distribution. Kimchi was packaged in bottle(400g) under atomosphere different methods; 1) control, 2) airtight packaging, 3) permeable packaging, Kimchi packaged with polyethylene(PE) film was stored at 10℃ and film thickness were used 0.01, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1㎜. To evaluated quality change of kimchi, pH, acidity, color, and sensory score were measured periodically. Although pH and acidity change was not significant depending on the packaging method, airtight packaging with 0.06, 0.01㎜ film and permeable packaging with 0.06, 0.08㎜ film showed higher pH value and lower acidity then those of the others. Color change at kimchi as L, a, b value increased until 14 days and the decreased in airtight and permeable packaging. Sensory evaluation were not significant among packaging method during storage, but sour taste and texture scores were significant. Also, sour tast of permeable packaging with 0.06㎜ film showed higher than airtight packaging. After 14 days of storage, total sensory evaluation was excellent of packaging with 0.06㎜ film. Therefore, 0.06㎜ was found to be the most effective packaging method, although airtight and permeable packaging were not significant for storage properties.