Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

노화가 인체 중간엽 줄기세포로부터 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향

백기현,태현정,오기원,이원영,조정기,권순용,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

연구배경: 일반적으로 골다공증과 연관된 위험인자로는 연령, 폐경, 약물, 불충분한 칼슘섭취, 만성질환 및 운동부족 등이 있는데, 특히 노화가 진행할수록 골밀도가 감소하는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 노화와 관련하여 진행되는 골소실은 조골세포 및 전구조골세포의 기능적 결핍에 의한 골형성의 감소가 주요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 그 동안 연령이 조골모 세포의 양과 조골모 세포로부터 성숙조골세포로의 분화 및 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 일부 보고들이 있었으나 아직 일치된 견해는 없는 형편이다. 방법: 다양한 연령의 사람으로부터 골수를 채취, 중간엽 줄기세포가 포함된 단핵세포를 분리한 후 조골세포로 분화하기 좋은 조건하에서 배양하였다. 대상군은다시 젊은군과 노령군으로 구분하여 다양한 변수를 비교 분석하였다. 일차배양에서는 CFU-F를 계수하여 골수내 중간엽 줄기세포의 수를 추산하였고, 칼슘측정을 통하여 기질의 무기화 정도를 비교하였다. 계대배양후 이차배양에서는 시기별로 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도를 측정하고 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 젊은군과 노령군 사이의 증식능 차이를 비교하였다. 또한 이차배양 시기별로 MTT 측정을 하여 양군간에 증식능 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과: 1. 일차배양 15일째에 평균 CFU-F의 수는 젊은군에서 유의하게 많았다(젊은군 148.3±28.9, 노령군 54.3±9.1, p=0.02). CFU-F의 평균면적은 젊은군에서 넓은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 2. 일차배양 17일 경과 후 양군간에 기질 칼슘 침착정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(젊은군 103.6±50.6, 노령군: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). 3. 이차배양 10일째에 젊은군에서 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도가 고령군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(젊은군: 935.5±115.0 U/mg, 노령군: 578.4±115.7U/mg,p.0.05). 고령군에서는 시간 경과에 따른 변화가 미약했으며 전반적으로 알카리성 포스파타제의 활성도가 젊은군에 비해 낮았다. 4. 이차배양도중 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현은 배양시기별로 젊은군에 비해 고령군에서 더 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 이차배양 10일과 15일에 젊은군에서 노령군보다세포증식이 유의하게 증가된 양상을 보였다(10앓 젊은군 0.73±0.05, 노령군 0.58±0.04, p=0.05, 15일; 젊은군 0.80±0.05, 노령군 0.70±0.03, p=0.05).결론: 이상의 연구에서 저자들은 노령군에서 젊은군보다 골수 내 중간엽줄기세포의 수가 적고, 노령군에서 유래한 전구조골세포의 성숙조골세포로의 증식 및 분화가 젊은군 보다 감소해 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Background: Osteoblasts originate from osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow stroma, termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or bone marrow stromal cells. Each MSC forms colonies (colony forming units-fibroblasts [CFL-Fs]) when cultured ex vivo. There are some reports about the age-related changes of the number and osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells, but any relationship has not been clearly established in humans. In this study, we counted MSCs using CFU-Fs count and examined the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells. Finally, we analyzed how these parameters varied with donor age. Methods: Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young (n=6, 27.2±8.6 years old) and old (n= 10, 57.4k6.7 years old) healthy donors. Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. In primary culture, we compared the colony-forming efficiency of MSCs between the two groups and determined the matrix calcification. When primary culture showed near confluence, the cells were subcultured. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression by RT-PCR and proliferative potential by MTT assay were examined by the time course of secondary culture. Results: At the 15th day of primary culture, the mean number of CFU-Fs was significantly higher in the younger donors (young: 148.3±28.9, old: 54.3±9.1, p=0.02) and the mean size of CFL-Fs was also larger in the younger donors than the older donors. However, matrix calcification was not different between the two groups (young: 103.6±50.6, old: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). In secondary culture, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the older donors. The younger donors showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while the older donors didn't showed a remarkable peak (young: 935.5±115.OU/mg, old: 578.4±115.7U/mg, p<0.05). Total cell number as a proliferative index increased progressively during the secondary culture and a significantly greater cell number was noted in the younger donors. Osteocalcin expression was generally upregulated in the younger donors, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study shows that the number of osteoprogenitor cells is decreased during aging and that the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells seem to be reduced during aging (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:296-305, 2003).

한글대장경 웹 검색 시스템의 구현

구현우,선수림,박미화,이재수,이용규,이금석,홍영식,한보광 동국대학교 전자불전연구소 2007 전자불전 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 한글대장경 전산화 6차 사업으로 한글대장경 30책 분량을 전산화하여 검색 시스템을 구축하는데 목적이 있다. 고려대장경의 우리말 번역본인 한글대장경을 전산화하기 위해 개역된 고문헌을 입력하여 데이터베이스로 구축하고, 인터넷을 통해 그 내용을 검색할 수 있도록 한다. 한글대장경 고문헌은 확장한자, 누락문자, 특수문자 등을 포함하고 있어서, 본 연구에서는 효과적인 입력과 저장을 위해 유니코드(Unicode)를 사용하며, 유니코드로 표현하지 못하는 문자들은 이미지 폰트를 생성하여 표현한다. 데이터베이스를 구축하기 위해서 DBMS로는 MS-SQL 7.0을 사용하고, 운영체제로는 윈도우 2000 서버를, 웹 서버로는 IIS(Internet Information Server)를 사용하여 검색 시스템을 구축하였다. 또한 다양한 검색 방법을 제공하는 검색 엔진을 개발하여, 유니코드로 저장된 한글대장경 고문헌의 내용을 웹(http://ebtc.dongguk.ac.kr/)을 통해 보다 쉽게 전 세계에서 접근할 수 있도록 한다. This research aims for constructing retrieval system by digitizing thirty books quantities of Hangul Tripitaka in the 6th Hangul Tripitaka Digitization Project. For digitizing Hangul Tripitaka which is a Korean version of the Tripitaka Korean, we can input, store the retranslated archaic documents in database, and search their contents through the Internet. Because the archaic documents of Hangul Tripitaka includes extension characters of Chinese origin, missing characters and special characters, we input and store documents use Unicode and make image fonts that cannot be represented by Unicode. Also, for developing retrieval system in this research, we use MS-SQL 7.0 and IIS(Internet Information Server) on Windows 2000 Server. By developing search engine which provides variety of retrieval methods, people who concern the archaic documents in the whole world can access Hangul Tripitaka saved as Unicode using the Web.

십이지장에서 발생한 간양 선암종 : 1예보고 a case report

구자홍,임현철,김진영 關東大學校醫科大學醫科學硏究所 1998 關東醫大學術誌 Vol.2 No.1

The hepatoid adenocarcinoma is a rare extrahepatic primary neoplasm showing similar histopathologic features of primary hepatocellular carcinnoma and usually produce a large amount of alpha-fetoprotein hepatic type. There ate several pathologic and radiologic reports of adenocarinoma of stomach, lung, pancreas, gallbladder, bile duct, ampulla of Vater, renal pelvis arid urinary bladder. Authors report a case of biopsy-proven hepatoid adrnocarcinoma of the duodenum.

고전압 대전류 회로 해석을 위한 GTO 사이리스터 모델

구헌희,서기영,권순걸,이현우 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1996 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Gate Turn Off Thyristor(GTO)는 게이트 신호로 대전류를 차단할 수 있기 때문에 최근에 대전력 응용 분야에서 각광을 받고 있다. 이들의 대용량 분야에서는 고전압 대전류를 취급하기 때문에 개발시 실험을 하는 것이 곤란하다. 따라서 대용량 회로의 설계와 Simulation을 위해서 GTO의 동작특성을 정확하게 모의할 수 있는 정밀한 Model이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 PSPICE를 이용하여 2-트랜지스터 구조를 기본으로 하여 GTO의 특성을 표현할 수 있는 각종 회로소자를 부가하여 GTO Model을 개발하였으며, 이 Model의 특성을 평가하기 위하여 스위칭 특성 및 직·병렬 접속에 대한 해석을 하였다. Gate turn off thyristors(GTO) have attractive attention as an efficient switching device for high power applications, primarily due to their alibility to turn off large currents with a gate signal. For the simulation and design of high power circuits, it is necessary to have accurate model which simulate both the static and dynamic characteristics of the GTO. In this study for the simulation of GTO with the program PSPICE. a model consisting of two transistors. passive device, and controlled source was developed. To evaluate the developed. model, simulation was performed for the switching characteritics. serial and parallel connection.

조대술을 이용한 비교적 큰 함치성 낭종내 전위된 치아의 맹출유도에 관한 치료증례

구대학,김영진,김현정 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

The dentigerous cyst originates through alteration of the reduced enamel epithelium after amelogenesis is completed, with accumulation of fluid between the layers of the enamel epithelium or between this epithelium and the tooth crown. It is always associated with unerupted teeth. there are two methods of treatment which are generally accepted. One is the enucleation of the cystic sac in its entirety, the other is the Partch operation, or the marsupialization, by which the cyst is uncovered or 『deroofed』 and the cystic lining made continuous with the oral cavity or surrounding structures. We have 3 cases involving management of impacted & displaced teeth after marsupialization of a dentigerous cyst. We would like to summarize the results of the report as follows: The teeth which had been displaced near the bottom of mandible and dislocated distally or mesially by the pressure of the cyst on which had been displaced and inclined abnormally by the pressure of the cyst, have a tendency to erupt rapidly into their normal position soon after marsupialization, even without the application of orthodontic measures.

새로운 치형을 이용한 헬리컬기어의 저진동화 연구

尹救永,柳承玹 홍익대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 産業技術 Vol.7 No.-

A method of minimizing transmission error in helical gears is presented in this work. Using the concept of optimal modification of the plane of action to generate the new tooth profile, the idea of perfect plane of action of helical gears is introduced. The proposed method constitutes a general tooth correction method and makes the design, unlike other modification schemes presented in the literature. less complex, less sensitive to dynamic factors and retains the involute characteristics. Also the new method proposed in this work permits easier cutting of the tooth profile because of the simplicity of the process.

유한세프라딘 캅셀(세프라딘 500mg)에 대한 브로드세프 캅셀의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,이석,강현아,오인준,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

Cephradine is a first generation cephalosporin and has broad spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, through inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cephradine is useful for treatment of infections of the urinary and respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cephradine capsules, Cefradine Yuhan(YuHan Corporation) and Broadcef (Ilsung Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cephradine release from the two cephradine capsules in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty normal male volunteers, 23.10±2.90 years in age and 67.69±8.04 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 500㎎ as cephradine was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cephradine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cephradine capsules were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max and untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two capsules based on the Cefradine Yuhan were -2.87%, -0.96% and -4.85%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two capsules in these parameter. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g.,log(0.93)∼log(1.02) and log(0.88)∼log(1.13) for AUC_t and C)max, respectively). The 90% confidence interval using untransformed data was within ±20% (e.g., -17.54∼7.78 for T_max). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Broadcef capsule is bioequivalent to Cefradine Yuhan capsule.

디푸루칸 캅셀(플루코나졸 50 mg)에 대한 플루코나 캅셀의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,강현아,이석,오인준,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2

Fluconazole is an orally active bis-triazole antifungal agent, which is used in the treatment of superficial and systemic candidiasis and in the treatment of cryptococcal infections in patients with the acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two fluconazole capsules, Diflucan(Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Inc.) and Flucona (Korean Drug Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The fluconazole release from the two fluconazole capsules in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method at 0.1M hydrochloride dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 23.60±1.88 years in age and 63.57±6.17㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After three capsules containing 50㎎ as fluconazole was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of fluconazole in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two fluconazole capsules were very similar at 0.1M hydrochloride dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max and untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two capsules based on the Diflucan were 4.96%, 5.65% and -13.76%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two capsules in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(1.01)∼log(1.08) and log(1.00)∼log(1.12) for AUC_t and C_max respectively), indicating that Flucona capsule is bioequivalent to Diflucan capsule.

멀티미디어 제작을 통한 초등 정보영재교육에 관한 연구

남승현,배영권,김도윤,구덕회,이태욱 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2005 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.2