THERMAL AND SMOKE MEASUREMENTS OF VEHICLE FIRES Establishing practical large-scale experiment for vehicle fires

Kim,Jeong-Hun,Kim,Hong,Lee,Bog-Young,Lee,Chang-Seop 한국화재소방학회 1997 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.-

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the hazard risks of vehicle fires. Sensors were strategically placed in passenger cars to determine the temperature, propagation rate and direction of flame. The life safety hazard evaluations such as smoke and gas analysis were included. An important ignition position was performed in the engine compartment. The effects of different ignition positions and the opening of door glasses were also reviewed. The experimental results indicate that the maximum temperature when a vehicle burns varies commonly from 90<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX> -100<TEX>$0^{\circ}C$</TEX>. The flame reaches in the face of a driver about 6-7minutes and the windshield glass breaks about 10 minutes after the ignition in the engine compartment of vehicle. And the smoke and gas concentrations reached the limit of human inhalation after 13-14 minutes. Especially the concentrations of carbon monoxide exceeded the TWA(50 ppm) during short time after ignition in cases of all experiments.

자료포락분석(DEA)를 이용한 보건의료의 효율성 측정

김남송,박홍섭,김은진,김설화,김정숙,김현아,김경숙,신지혜,최은정,양은진,유선미,유수진 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2007 圓光醫科學 Vol.22 No.1

대륙횡단철도를 통한 한반도 물류 중심화 전략 연구

김홍섭 한국물류학회 2002 물류학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The World Economy Conditions of 21st Century has been Changed so rapidly. These Changes are more conspicuous in Northeast Asia than other Regions. China, North Korea and Russia have reformed their Economical and Social Systems, which enlarged the Trade Volume and Traffic Demand in this Area and between Europe. The Railway System Crossing the Eurasia Continent, such as TSR(Trans Siberian Railway), TCR (Trans China Railway), TMR(Trans Manchuria Railway), TMGR(Trans Mongolia Railway) and TKR(Trans Korea Railway), have been becoming very important to enhance the International Transportation efficiency and to connect each continents by International Railways. In this Paper, logistical Environments surrounding this Korea Peninsula were investigated and surveyed. And concerned with the Crossing Continents Railway, TSR,TCR(TMR, TMGR), TKR, operating Conditions and Tasks that must be considered and solved were also investigated. Especially the Current Logistical Conditions of China, Russia. and North Korea and their Problems were surveyed. And the SWOT of these Railways were analyzed and compared. The Visions and Goals of these Inter-Continental Railways were suggested in terms of their Rationalization of Operations and efficient Connections among many Countries. Not only the Policies and Strategies/Tactics which should be considered but also and Many detail countermeasures which should be introduced and adopted were suggested. This Paper may have some Contributions concerned with its development directions and suggested Strategical/Tactical Alternatives. It, however, may have some Limitations in terms of its practical analysis.

TiO₂-CaSO₄와 TiO₂-CaCO₃계의 고상반응기구 : TiO₂의 반응성 및 상형성 Reactivity of TiO₂and Phase Forming

김홍대,한인섭,유태석,정윤중 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1986 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.5 No.-

For to detect the mechanism of the product phase and the assignment of the two reactant on the solid state reaction of TiO₂ with the CaSO₄ and CaCO₃ respectively at the reaction temperature 900℃ - 1400℃, the refractive microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron dispersive spectroscope analysis were examined. For the reaction of TiO₂ with CaSO₄ the product phase which earned is CaTiO₃perovskite and from the first, the intermediate product of TiO₂· CaO·SO₂ was formed. However, the main product phase is Ca₃Ti₂O7, which is coexisted in the product layer, at the reaction of TiO₂ with CaCO₃·TiO₂ was diffused into CaSO₄ and CaCO₃ reactant side is both two reaction. Specially, in the case of CaCO₃, the transfer of TiO₂ is rapid through the pore, which was formed with vaporization of CO₂ gas.

자가공명영상을 이용한 정신분열병 환자의 뇌량 면적 측정

박홍석,이정섭,황성혜,김창현 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 정신분열병의 병태생리에 뇌량이 관여하는지 확인하기 위해 초발 및 만성 정신분열병 환자, 대조군의 뇌량의 영역을 측정하였다. 방 법 : 국립의료원에 입원한 23명의 정신분열병 환자(남자 15명, 여자 8명)와 단순 두통 또는 어지럼증을 호소하여 내원한 23명의 외래환자를 대조군으로 하여 뇌자기공명영상을 얻었으며, 남자는 26명, 여자는 20명 이었다. 환자군중 초발군은 13명, 만성군은 10명이었다. 정중시상평면에서 뇌량을 7개 영역으로 구분하여 NIH Image 1.60프로그램으로 분석하였으며, 정중시상평면의 대뇌면적도 구하였다. 이렇게 구한 각 뇌량척도들은 t-test를 이용하여 대조군과 비교하였으며, 성별에 따른 차이는 ANOVA를 이용하였으며, 이후 대뇌면적을 공변량으로 하여 ANCOVA를 시행하였다. 또한 초발군과 만성환자군, 대조군의 비교는 나이와 대뇌면적을 공변량으로하여 MANCOVA를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 대조군 사이의 총뇌량의 평균면적과 각 7부분의 평균면적을 비교한 결과 환자군이 제 3, 제 6 뇌량영역을 제외하곤 대조군에 비해 평균면적이 작은 것으로 나왔지만 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 성별에 따라 비교한 결과 통계적 유의성은 관찰되지 않았지만 남자환자는 대조군에 비해 작고, 여자환자의 경우에는 큰 것으로 확인됐다. 초발과 만성환자군으로 나누어 대조군과 비교해 본 결과, 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 초발환자군이 만성환자군에 비해 모든 뇌량척도가 작았고, 만성환자군은 대조군보다 총뇌량의 평균면적이 컸으나 초발군은 대조군 보다 작았다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과 정신분열병 환자에서 유의한 뇌량의 형태적 이상을 확인하지는 못했지만 이전 연구들에서도 다양한 결과들을 보고하고 있으며, 이는 정신분열병이 생물학적 및 임상적으로 각기 다른 표현형을 가지고 있다는 가설로 설명할 수 있다. Objectives : This study was performed to determine whether the corpus callosum is involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and measured corpus callosal areas of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. Methods : We obtained the brain magnetic resonance imaging of 23 schizophrenic inpatients(15 males, 8 females) and 23 controls(11 males, 12 females) with simple headache or dizziness. Among the schizophrenic group, first episode patients were 13, chronic patients were 10. In mid-sagittal plane, the corpus callosum was divided into 7 areas and the cerebral area was measured. This data was analyzed with NIH image 1.60 software. We compared the corpus callosal areas of schizophrenics with controls by t-test and by ANOVA according to sex. Thereafter, ANCOVA was performed with mid-sagittal cerebral area as covariant. Comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenics and controls was carried out by MANCOVA that was adjusted with age and mid-sagittal cerebra area. Results : The schizophrenics, compared with controls, had smaller corpus callosal areas except for the 3rd, 6th callosal area, but statistical significance was absent. According to sex, male schizophrenics had insignificantly smaller total callosal areas than male controls and female schizophrenics had larger ones. In comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls, first episode patients had smaller every corpus callosal areas than chronic ones, chronic ones had larger total callosal area than controls and first episode ones had smaller total area than controls, but statistical significances were absent also. Conclusion : Our study did not reveal the structural abnormality of corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients, but many controversial results have been reported in other studies. This inter-study inconsistency could be explained by the hypotheses of not only clinical but also biological different phenotypes within the schizophrenia.

초등 사회과 학습을 위한 백지도의 개발과 활용

황홍섭,김옥점 한국지리환경교육학회 2003 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.11 No.3

이 연구는 사회과 학습 방법을 개선하기 위해 시도되었으며, 이를 위해 학습자 중심의 효과적인 사회과 학습을 위한 백지도를 개발하고 개발된 백지도의 효과를 입증하기 위해 현장에서 활동 학습지내지 수행평가지로 활용해보았다. 사회과 학습을 위하여, 첫째 교과서 진도에 맞추어 보조 교과서 자료로 활용할 수 있고, 둘째 다양한 문제 유형으로 구성하여 아동들의 흥미를 유발시키며, 셋째 사회과에서 요구하는 사고력과 탐구력을 향상시키고, 넷째 기본 학습을 익히고 난 후 다른 지역에 관한 확산적인 사고를 요하는 문제를 제시하여 수준별 학습이 이루어질 수 있는 백지도를 개발하고 백지도 활용을 위한 교수·학습 지도안을 작성하였다. 개발된 백지도를 활용한 학습은 기존의 학습 방법에 의한 학습보다 사고력 신장이나 학습자들의 적극적인 학습 참여를 유도하는데 효과적이었다. This study tried to improve learning method of Social Studies. To do this the study developed a base map for effective learner - centered social studies learning and made use of a developed base map verifying the effect of the base map. A base map for learning Social Studies was constructed as follows : first, the map can be used as a supplement to the textbook. Second, the map can enhance the students’ interest when it is made in various patterns. Third, the map can help improve the thinking power and inquiry skills needed in Social Studies. Fourth, learning according to the students’ level can be done with a base map when the content of other areas and by presenting the problems need comprehensive thinking after the students’ initial study. This study indicates that learning using base map is more effective in enhancing thinking power and participates in the students learning.

골수구성 백혈병 환자에게 발생한 결핵성 림프절염

이창섭,송진수,최평균,조재현,방지환,박경화,박완범,김홍빈,김남중,윤성수,박선양,김병국,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.5

혈액질환 가운데 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 알려진 것은 호지킨 림프종을 포함한 림프증식성질환 그리고 모양세포성 백혈병 등이 있다. 또한 동종 골수이식을 받은 환자에서도 결핵은 증가한다고 알려져있다. Kaplan 등은 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵 발생이 증가한다고 보고하였다. 그러나 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 결핵의 발생이 증가하는 이유에 대해서는 아직까지 정확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 저자들이 2년 동안 후향적으로 조사한 180명의 성인 골수구성 백혈병 환자들 가운데 결핵이 발생한 환자는 4명이었고, 발생 부위는 모두 림프절이었다. 결핵은 골수구성 백혈병의 특정 아형에만 국한되어 발생하지 않았지만, 50%에서 FAB 분류에 의한 M4였다. 림프절이 종대된 골수구성 백혈병 환자에서 특히, 결핵의 유병율이 높은 나라에서는 결핵성 림프절염도 감별진단에 포함시켜야 한다. During the neutropenic phase, leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy are prone to bacterial and, fungal infections; occasionally mycobacterial, viral and protozoal organisms may also cause infections. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was reported very rarely in these patients. This report describes four patients with M. tuberculosis infection identified from 185 adult patients who were diagnosed myelogenous leukemia between January 2003, and December 2004. There was no patient with M. tuberculosis infection from 44 lymphoid leukemia and 11 acute biphenotypic leukemia patients. Sites of infection were all lymph nodes. Three among four patients were presented with lymphadenopathy at initial diagnosis of leukemia, and the other one presented with lymphadenopathy after induction chemotherapy. There was no patient presented with lymphadenopathy during the neutropenic phase. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was presented in a patient with three acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB class 2 M4, 1 M2) and a chronic myelogenous leukemia, accelerated phase. An acute myelogenous leukemia patient had a leukemic cell and tubercle bacilli in the same lymph node. Tuberculosis should also be included as a differential diagnosis in myelogenous leukemia patient with lymphadenopathy, especially in the countries in which the disease is endemic.

제7차 초등 사회과 교과서에 나타난 사진자료 분석 : 인간과 공간 영역을 중심으로 In the Case of Human Being and Spatial Field

황홍섭,김응교 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2003 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Photo resources as learning materials should be significant ones in social studies which contain the theoretical background of the 7th Education Curriculum. In other words, photo resources good for activity-centered and experience-centered learning would not be supplementary resources added to the content of the text. but should be research-type substitutional resources of the text. In addition, in terms of the size of resources, arrangement clarity, learners' developmental levels and interest. suggestibility of photo resources, photo resources make learners enhance their thinking ability through research activity and should include vivid social events that lead to improve the quality of life by problem solving. In order to assure reliability in selecting photo resources and appropriateness of resources. it requires systematic support such as social studies' photo production subcommittee for qualitative improvement of photos in the elementary school social studies textbooks. In particular, synthetic, systematic, foundational study would be essential in the organization of contents of the new textbook by the 8th education curriculum.

SST를 이용한 전기강판의 회전자계 특성 측정

음영환,김홍정,고창섭 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2006 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.14 No.1

전기강판으로 제작된 전기기기의 보다 정확한 수치적인 해석을 위해서는 회전자계(Rotating magnetic field)에 따른 전기강판의 자계특성을 정확하게 측정할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 2방향 자계인가 형 SST(single sheet tester)를 이용하여 회전자계 인가에 따른 등방성 및 이방성 전기강판의 자계 특성을 측정하였다. 실험을 통하여 등방성 시료와 이방성 시료에 대하여 각각 회전자계 및 교번/회전 자계의 혼합형 자계를 인가하여 1.6[T]와 1.2[T]까지 측정할 수 있었으며, 교번자계 하에서의 철손(Alternating Iron Loss)외에 회전자계의 인가로 인한 B와 H의 위상 차이를 발생하는 회전자계 손실을 측정하였다. It is necessary to measure precisely the magnetic characteristics of electrical steel sheets under rotating magnetic fields, for the accurate numerical performance analysis of electric machines made of electrical steel sheets. In this paper, the magnetic characteristics of electrical steel sheet is measured under rotating magnetic fields using a double-excitation type single sheet tester. Through experiments, The rotating magnetic properties of a Non-oriented and Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are measured up to 1.6[T] and 1.2[T] respectively. In addition, the iron losses due to not only the alternating magnetic fields, but also the rotating magnetic fields are measured.

林地利用에 따른 溪流水의 水質變化

具瀟瑛,鄭源玉,金弘洙,朴晋源,麻鎬燮 경상대학교 농과대학 부속연습림 2001 演習林硏究報告 Vol.- No.11

Table 2. Evaluation of stream water quality in three stands by Drinking water quality standard <원문참조> 임지이용에 따른 수질변화 및 오염정도를 구명하여 향후 비점오염원 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 경남 진주시 정평리에 위치한 3개 임분(소나무, 밤나무Ⅰ, 반나무Ⅱ임분)에서 2000년 7월부터 9월까지 계류수의 수질변화를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 세 임분의 계류수 pH는 소나무 임분(pH6.59)>밤나무 Ⅱ임분(ph 6.53)>밤나무 Ⅰ임분(pH 6.47)계류수 순으로 나타났다. 2. 전기전도도는 밤나무 Ⅰ임분>소나무 임분>밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 3. 양이온은 세 임분의 계류수 모두 Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+, NH_^+의 순으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 음이온은 소나무 임분과 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수에서는 SO_4^2, Cl, NO_3의 순으로 높게 나타났고, 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서는 NO_3, SO_4^2, Cl 의 순으로 높게 나타나 차이를 보였다. 5. 소나무, 밤나무 Ⅱ임분 계류수는 pH, NH_4+, NO_3, Cl, SO_4^2이 먹는 물 수질기준 범위내에 있었다. 그러나 밤나무 Ⅰ임분 계류수에서 5항목 중 NO_3는 먹는 물 수질기준을 넘어서는 범위에 있어 임지이용에 따른 하류수질의 오염이 우려되었다. 따라서 이러한 상류지역에서 오염원 차단을 위한 수질정화시설 등의 대책이 마련되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by land-use of forest from July to September, 2000 in three stands(Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand) of Jeongpyeong-ri, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam. The mean pH of rainfall results in acid rain of 5.3. The pH of stream water in three stands was hugh in order of Pinus densiflora (pH 6.59), Castanea crenata(Ⅱ)(pH 6.53) and Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand(pH 6.47). The electrical conductivity of stream water was high in order of Castanea crenata(Ⅰ), Pinus densiflora and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand. Cations of three stand in stream water high in order of Ca^2+, Na^+, Mg^2+, K^+ and NH_4^+. But anions of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand were high in order of SO_4^2, Cl and NO_3. In Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand cations of stream water were high in order of NO_3, SO_^2 and Cl. The level of pH, NH_4^+, NO_3, Cl and SO_4^2 of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata(Ⅱ) stand reached within the level of domestic use standard for drinking water But the level of NO_3 of stream water in Castanea crenata(Ⅰ) stand was higher than that of domestic use standard. Therefore, non-point sources like forest watersheds which are fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures.