Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

Kai‑Dong Xie,Qiang‑Ming Xia,Jun Peng,Xiao‑Meng Wu,Zong‑Zhou Xie,Chun‑Li Chen,Wen‑Wu Guo 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.2

The unreduced (2n) gametes have long been used in triploid breeding of citrus. In lemon, the previously reported mechanisms for 2n megagametophyte formation were controversial, whereas that for 2n pollen production is still unknown. Herein, the frequency of and mechanism underlying 2n megagametophyte and 2n pollen formation in ‘Eureka’ lemon were investigated based on cytological observation and genotyping of the triploid hybrids between ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Early gold’ sweet orange. As a result, 4.79% of the viable pollens of ‘Eureka’ lemon were identified as the 2n pollen with a larger diameter (70.16 ± 3.92 μm). The 2n pollen might be resulted from the formation of parallel spindles at meiosis stage II. Among the 204 plantlets regenerated from embryo rescue following the sexual cross, 12 were triploids as identified by flow cytometry. According to the analysis of heterozygosity transmission using 13 pericentromeric single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 20 randomly distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 11 triploids were identified to be originated from the fertilization of 2n megagametophytes of ‘Eureka’ lemon, with a frequency of 5.39%. Among them, nine 2n megagametophytes were supposed to be arisen from the second division restitution (SDR), whereas the other two were from postmeiotic genome doubling (PMD). These results to understand the mechanism underlying 2n gamete formation in lemon are valuable for its efficient polyploid breeding.

Reconsidering the Hierarchy and Translation of “Physical Education/Sports” Related Terms: Taiwan Perspective

Jeffrey Yu,Jun Lian,Ruei-Hong Li,Chen-Sin Hung,Dong-Tai Chen,Yu-Kai Chang 대한운동학회 2024 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives In the past centuries, the concept of “physical education” has changed from a more general concepts including physical activities and sports, to specifically inferring “instruction of physical activity”. Instead, “sports” has become the comprehensive concept of sports, exercise, and physical education. Given to the inconsistent terminologies and English translations of “體育 (ti-yu)” (physical education) and “運 動 (yun-dong)” (sports or exercise) in Mandarin, the purpose of this study was to investigate in the current terminology usage, hierarchy, and the English translation of “體育 (ti-yu)” and “運動 (yun-dong)” in Taiwan. Met hods Three government authorities, two sport related universities, eight top sport and exercise journals, and nighty-six college departments in Taiwan were analyzed. Results “運動 (yun-dong)” was the most widely used terminology as “體育 (ti-yu)” occupied the majority usage among government authorities, sport related universities, and title of top sport and exercise journals. Regarding English translation, despite of “department of physical education”, “sports” remained the most common terminology. Moreover, “體育 (ti-yu)” and “sports” are the highest hierarchy among government authorities, and sport related university; “體育 (ti-yu)” and “physical education” are the highest hierarchy among traditional sport and exercise journals; “運動 (yun-dong)” and “sports” are the highest hierarchy among college departments also the mainstream of current translation and hierarchy. Conclusions “體育 (ti-yu)” was the highest hierarchy in the past. However, “運動 (yun-dong)” has been the mainstream of the highest hierarchy in Mandarin according to college departments. In English, “sport(s)” is the main term in Taiwan when translating “體育 (ti-yu)” and 運動 (yun-dong)”, also being the highest hierarchy. On the other hand, “體育 (ti-yu)” and “physical education” are utilized regarding those departments focusing on educating PE teachers. This study expects the terminology, English translations, and hierarchy being align with the mainstream of current translation and hierarchy in the future.

Dynamic Compliance and its Compensation Control of HIVC Force Control System

Kai-xian Ba,Bin Yu,Wen-feng Li,Dong-kun Wang,Ya-liang Liu,Guo-liang Ma,Xiang-dong Kong 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

In this paper, the dynamic compliance and its compensation control of the force control system on the highly integrated valve-controlled cylinder (HIVC), the joint driver of the hydraulic drive legged robot, is researched. During the robot motion process, the outer loop dynamic compliance control is applied on the base of hydraulic control inner loop and most inner loop control are the force or torque closed loop control. While the dynamic compliance control effectiveness of outer loop can be affected by the inner loop self-dynamic-compliance. Based on this problem, the dynamic compliance series composition theory of HIVC force control system as well as the analysis of its self-dynamiccompliance is proposed. And then the paper comes up with the compliance-enhanced control, which is a compound compensation control method of dynamic compliance with multiple series branches. Finally, the experiment results indicate that the control method mentioned above can enhance the dynamic compliance of HIVC force control system observably. This provides the compensation control method of inner loop dynamic compliance for the outer loop compliance control requiring the high accuracy and high robustness for the robot.

Metformin enhances the osteogenic activity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus: an in vitro and in vivo study

Kai Dong,Wen-Juan Zhou,Zhong-Hao Liu 대한치주과학회 2023 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.53 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether metformin (MF) could alleviate the expresssion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats (drBMSCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs in a nude mouse model in vivo. Methods: BMSCs were extracted from normal and diabetic rats. In vitro, a cell viability assay (Cell Counting Kit-8), tests of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and western blot analysis were first used to determine the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs that were subjected to treatment with different concentrations of MF (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 μM). The cells were then divided into 5 groups: (1) normal rat BMSCs (the BMSCs derived from normal rats group), (2) the drBMSCs group, (3) the drBMSCs + Mito-TEMPO (10 μM, ROS scavenger) group, (4) the drBMSCs + MF (200 μM) group, and (5) the drBMSCs + MF (200 μM) + H2O2 (50 μM, ROS activator) group. Intracellular ROS detection, a senescenceassociated β-galactosidase assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the effects of MF on oxidative stress and osteogenic differentiation in drBMSCs. In vivo, the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs was evaluated in a nude mouse model. Results: MF effectively reduced ROS levels in drBMSCs. The cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, and osteogenic-related protein expression of drBMSCs were demonstrably higher in the MF-treated group than in the non-MF-treated group. H2O2 inhibited the effects of MF. In addition, ectopic osteogenesis was significantly increased in drBMSCs treated with MF. Conclusions: MF promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by diabetes and enhenced the ectopic bone formation of drBMSCs in nude mice.

Surface nanocrystallization and its properties of a rare earth magnesium alloy induced by HVOF―SMB

Kai-dong Xu,Ji-na Wang,Ai-hua Wang,Hua Yan,Xiang-lin Zhang,Zao-wen Huang 한국물리학회 2011 Current Applied Physics Vol.11 No.3

The nanocrystalline microstructure in the surface of a rare earth magnesium alloy induced by a new process named HVOF―SMB (high velocity oxygen-fuel flame supersonic microparticles bombarding) has been characterized by means of X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The effects of HVOF―SMB on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy have been investigated by microhardness distribution and polarization curves, and the cross-sectional observation of the treated Mg alloy sample has been characterized by optical microscopy (OM). Results showed that HVOF―SMB can induce surface nanocrystallization with a grain size level less than 20 nm at topmost surface layer, and the microhardness at the top surface layer increases up to about 170 HV_0.025 which is twice more than that of the substrate. The grain size increases as well as the microhardness decreases gradually with the depth varying from surface to substrate. The potentiodynamic polarization curves indicate that the HVOF―SMB treated surfaces show lower corrosion resistance in comparison with the untreated magnesium alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution. The underlying mechanism of the electrochemical properties on the nanocrystalline Mg-based alloy’s surface induced by severe plastic deformation in corrosion resistance is discussed.

Effect of Impact Energy on the Impact-Wear Properties of High Manganese Steels in Acidic Corrosive Conditions

( Kai Wang ),( Xiao Dong Du ),( Kai Wu ),( Kuk Tae Youn ),( Chan Gyu Lee ),( Bon Heun Koo ) 한국부식방식학회(구 한국부식학회) 2008 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.7 No.6

漢字字位及相關理論探討

( Yue Kai Dong ) 한국한자한문교육학회 2014 漢字 漢文敎育 Vol.33 No.-

본고에서 말하는 “漢字 문자소(字位)”는 한어 단음절 형태소를 기록하는 한자형태 단위를 가리키는 말이다. 고대한어의 단음절사에서 많은 부분을 차지하면서 형대 중국어의 이음절사의 중요한 구성요소로 작용하고 있어, 한자의 음과 의는 한자 문자소(字位) 를 논의하지 않고는 이루어질 수 없기 때문에, 한자 자위를 단순한 형태의 단위요소로 구성하여야 한다.” 한자 문자소(字位)”의 개념은 많은 장점을 가지고 있는데, 우선 “한자 문자소”는 문자소(grapheme)라는 일반적인 개념으로 적용되어 이해될 수 있다는 점이다. “한자 문자소”는 추상적인 문자학의 단위로서 한자가 중국어를 기록하는 쓰기 부토 체계의 본질적 속성을 지니고 있음을 보여준다. 두 번째로 한자구형학의 각도에서 볼 때, “한자 문자소”와 “한자 문자소 형태 변화”와 “형태 단위”, “형태 다위의 변체(變體)”와 상호 호응하면서 층차 관계를 조합을 구성하고 있다. 더욱이 “한자 문자소”의 개념의 사용으로 동일하지 않은 한자 문자소의 변체(變體)가 공시적인 상황 속에서 평등한 지위를 지니고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 이론상으로 지역과 언어 문자 정책의 벽을 허물어뜨리고 한자를 발전시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있다. The “Grapheme of Chinese Characters”(GCC) discussed in this paper refers exclusively to a unit of form which quantifies the mono-syllabic morphemes. During the ancient Chinese period, the mono-syllabic words enjoyed an advantage; whereas, this situation has been replaced by the phenomenon of “dual dominance” of the linguistic units during the modern Chinese period. This change has made it clear that it is necessary to leave the pronunciation and meaning of a character out of the discussion of GCC, making GCC a pure concept of form. The advantages of this concept are as follows: first, GCC is in accordance with the common understanding of the concept of grapheme. As an abstract philological unit, GCC reflects the defining characteristic of characters as the symbols in the Chinese writing system; second, from the angle of structurology of the Chinese characters, GCC and GCC allographs correspond to basic character and basic character variants accordingly and naturally, forming a relationship of hierarchical grouping. Last but not the least, the use of GCC will grant an equal status to different GCC allographs in the synchronic plane, which will contribute, in theory, to the crumbling of the barriers of territory and linguistic policy and to the discussion on the optimization of characters.

Dynamic Compliance and its Compensation Control of HIVC Force Control System

Ba, Kai-xian,Yu, Bin,Li, Wen-feng,Wang, Dong-kun,Liu, Ya-liang,Ma, Guo-liang,Kong, Xiang-dong The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

In this paper, the dynamic compliance and its compensation control of the force control system on the highly integrated valve-controlled cylinder (HIVC), the joint driver of the hydraulic drive legged robot, is researched. During the robot motion process, the outer loop dynamic compliance control is applied on the base of hydraulic control inner loop and most inner loop control are the force or torque closed loop control. While the dynamic compliance control effectiveness of outer loop can be affected by the inner loop self-dynamic-compliance. Based on this problem, the dynamic compliance series composition theory of HIVC force control system as well as the analysis of its self-dynamic-compliance is proposed. And then the paper comes up with the compliance-enhanced control, which is a compound compensation control method of dynamic compliance with multiple series branches. Finally, the experiment results indicate that the control method mentioned above can enhance the dynamic compliance of HIVC force control system observably. This provides the compensation control method of inner loop dynamic compliance for the outer loop compliance control requiring the high accuracy and high robustness for the robot.

Effect of FeNi30 Powder Catalyst by Water Atomizing on Synthesis High-grade Diamond

Cheng Dong-kai,Ma Hong-qiu,Cao Dan,Ding Fu-chang 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

This paper described the preparation method for composing high-grade synthetic diamond by water atomizing using FeNi30 powder catalyst. The objective of this article is about powder making process using super high water atomizing in the atmosphere of inert gas, and then corroded the powder with a corrosion inhibitor. Finally, FeNi30 catalyst powder with lower oxygen content and good sphericity is produced. The experiment of making diamonds by using cubic press and the performance of the diamonds are also discussed.

Analysis of the Design Elements for the Childrens Picture Books Based on VR

Kai Lu,Dong Min Cho 한국멀티미디어학회 2021 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.24 No.7