한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

기저질환이 없는 사람에서 발생한 Campylobacter fetus에 의한 재발성 심내막염 1예

전재범,정진원,김성혜,송문희,오형철,안성기,최상호,김남중,김양수,우준희,류지소 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

C. fetus 심내막염은 드물게 발생하는 질환으로 주로 면역능이 저하된 환자에서 발병하고 대동맥판을 침범하는 경우가 많으며 적절한 치료가 되지 않을 경우 치사율이 높다. 저자들은 기저질환이 없던 69세 남자에서 C. fetus 심내막염을 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 발열로 내원하여 시행한 혈액배양 검사상 C. fetus가 동정되었고 경식도 초음파 검사상 삼첨판에 증식증이 발견되어 심내막염 진단하에 ceftriaxone에 이어 meropenem으로 총 4주간 항생제를 투여받고 호전되었다가 한달 후 다시 재발하였고 판막부전 소견 진행하여 삼첨판 치환술을 시행받고 전신상태 호전되어 퇴원하였다. Campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of endocarditis. To date, only about 30 cases of C. fetus endocarditis have been reported mainly in the elderly with chronic underlying illnesses. Most cases showed tendency to involve aortic valve. This report describes a case of native tricuspid valve infective endocarditis in a 69-year-old man without any underlying disease. Despite adequate antibiotic therapy for 4-weeks, endocarditis recurred and leading to surgical valve replacement.

Descriptor 시스템 모델링 밍 극배치 제어기 설계

김정주,이준형,강진식 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Many of the engineering systems such a s electrical circuits. communication networks. power systems, aerospace systems and singular systems can be modelled by a descriptor system which is similar to the state space representation of the system. In this paper, we present a control algorithm for the descriptor system by using eigenstructxe assignment. When the number of poles of the system changed due to the parameters variation, the system can be modelled by two subsystems a s the one is static system and the other is dynamic. And two systems are connected serially by the manner that the one system output is connected to the input of the other system. The controller presented in this paper, designed by eigenstructure assignment, can treats such a singular system easily. To show the suggested controller has a good feature, we apply the presenied controller to the inverted pendulum system.

풍경식 정원과 근대적 공간인식 형성에 관한 연구

김형준 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2005 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.2

This study is to look into the spatial cognition of modern space in the nineteenth century and it is on the purpose of understanding the character of the modern architectural space and of showing the modern architectural space connected with modern society and its everyday life. Especially, for understanding the spatial cognition of modern space, the Landscape Gardens will be analyzed. The reason for analyzing is that the Landscape Gardens are important theme in the nineteenth century and have great influence on whole European architecture and city. The Landscape Garden produce several modern spaces, that are 1) space of dynamic vision, 2) space of panorama, 3) space of spectacle. These spaces make modern cognition of space and pervade the space of everyday life in the nineteenth century. As a result, the modern spaces and their cognitions are in deep relation to modern society and its everyday life, and unique characters of that spaces are origin of the modern architecture and its space. A study on the effectiveness and convergency of damage measures for structural damage detection using the nonlinear parametric projection filter algorithm is presented in this paper. Damage measures are associated with the change in mode shape and displacement due to structural damage. So, five damage measures are presented in this paper. They are static displacement, curvature of static displacement, natural frequency, mode shape and curvature of mode shape. The static data are obtained by loading static load to the structure. And modal and dynamic data of a vibrating structure can be gained without dismantling the structure, these data are very useful in various aspects. But the results of detection are affected by the kind of damage measures to be used. The effectiveness and convergency of these damage measures on the structural damage detection using the nonlinear parametric projection filtering algorithm are demonstrated with the numerical examples.

구조물의 안전진단을 위한 충격파의 주파수 영역 탐사에 관한 연구

김형준,이상철,서백수 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2005 産業技術硏究 Vol.25 No.B

Impact seismic wave method is a method for non-destructive testing of concrete structure using of stress wave which is propagate and reflected from internal flaws within concrete structure and external surface. In this study, we performed frequency domain method using impact seismic wave test for safety diagnosis of civil engineering structure. And reflection method which is used for one-dimensional target such as tunnel lining and transmission method are compared with each other.

포토몽타쥬에 나타난 미스 반 데 로에의 기술인식

김형준 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2006 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.17 No.2

Mies van der Rohe was attracted to the spreading effect of the modern media-work on culture from beginning of his career, and utilized it systematically throughout his life. It includes image buildup works such as photo-montage, documents fabrication, modeling, publications, exhibitions and so on. In the early stage of the work, he had concentrated on the notification of specified messages even than the realization of the projects. But his strategy was different from those employed by other avant-gardes, since it entailed a symbolization of modern man's disintegrated life and its recovery rather than a fragmentation of meaning which results from the destruction and reproduction of the object. About the time of 1930', he had strengthened the relationship of the composition elements and spatial integration for the rationalization of system as a whole. As a consequence of it, birdeye-view and interior perspective was widely used and human entered on the stage. And with These mutations, his view moved from outside to inside and formed the theme of 'the exterior structure and the inside surface'. After 1940', he had struggled to acquire the constructivity of architecture which combines the essence-supplement, the structure-ornament, and finally arrived at the peak of paradoxical project which aimed to overcome the fragmentation and disjunction of modern life. So, his work is elucidated as an cons-tructional strategy for the reconstruction of modern world and in this point it passed over the mere virtual world.

압출기 유압펌프의 압력제어

김교형,이준홍 嶺南大學校 工業技術硏究所 2001 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.29 No.2

Pressure control of hydraulic pump in aluminum extrusion is adjusted by hand to get the optimum extrusion velocity Manual control of the extrusion velocity degrades the qualify of the surface due to the unevenness control of hydraulic pressure. In this study pressure control of hydraulic pump is simulated with fuzzy memory rule for aluminum process. Pressure response of the system has shown good results.

아산지역 PC방에서의 금연석과 흡연석의 공기질 차이

김준형 외 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2011 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.17 No.1

This study seeks to differentiate between the air quality of the smoking area and the non-smoking area in internet cafes(or PC rooms in Korean slang) through the analysis of internet cafes around universities located in Asan-si. VOCs, HCHO, CO₂, and CO content of each area were analyzed. According to our observations, the HCHO content in the smoking area was 74.26ppm, 124.26ppm for TVOC, 688.58ppm for CO₂, and 2.80ppm for CO. On the contrary, in the non-smoking area, the HCHO content was 55.49ppm, 82.86ppm for TVOC, 606.18ppm for CO₂, and 2.32ppm for CO. This shows that the air quality between non-smoking and the smoking area do not have significant difference. As people are exposed and thus more interested about indoor air pollution, there are measures taken to clean the air indoors, but there are no relevant measures taken for internet cafes. Therefore, there should be measures taken in order to control ETS content, thought to be one of the main pollutants of internet cafe air quality, through various measures such as upgraded ventilation.

일개 제빵회사 근로자의 제빵공 천식 유병률

김정민,권영준,주영수,임형준,이태경,강혜련,백도명 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적: 일개 제빵회사에서 제빵공 천식 유병률을 조사하여 제빵공 천식으로 인한 국내 질병부담을 파악하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 일개 제빵회사의 생산관련 근로자 596명에서 수습기간(3개월) 중이거나 참여를 거부한 216명을 제외하고,380명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 밀가루분진 노출형태에 따라 직접노출군과 간접노출군으로 직무 카테고리를 분류하고,설문조사는 ISAAC 설문항목에 직업력 등을 추가한 설문지를 사용하였다. 설문조사에서 천식이나 알레르기병과 관련된 증상이나 병력이 전혀 없는 간접노출군은 임상검사대상에서 제외하였다. 임상검사대상 233명에게 피부단자검사,혈청 특이 IgE 항체검사,산업의학 전문의와의 면담을 시행하였고,면담에서 천식이나 알레르기비염과 관련된 증상이나 병력이 확인된 31명을 연속적 PEFR 측정대상으로 하였다. PEFR 변동률로써 메타콜린 기관지유발검사대상을 선정하였고,메타콜린 기관 지유발검사에서 기관지과민성이 확인된 경우에 특이 기관지유발검사를 시행하였다. 제빵공 천식은 특이 기관지유 발검사에서 천식반응이 확인된 경우로 정의하였다. 결과: 연구대상의 밀가루 민감화율은 21.0%(직접노출군 25.9%,간접노출군 13.3%), 제빵공 천식 유병률은 3.2%(직접노출군 5.1%,간접노출군 1.8%)였다. 직접 노출군이 간접노출군에 비해 밀가루에 민감화될 위험이 높았으며(OR 2.15,95% CI=1.03∼4.51), 제빵공 천식에 이환될 위험은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(PR 2.52,95% CI=O.78∼8.18). 밀가루에 민감화된 군이 그렇지 않은 군에 비해 제빵공 천식에 이환될 위험이 매우 높았다(PR 38.63, 95% CI=6.14∼243.22). 결론: 이번 연구결과는 직업적으로 밀가루에 노출되는 국내 근로자에서 제빵공 천식이 적지 않을 것임을 시사하고 있다. 향후 제빵공 천식으로 인한 질병부담을 보다 정확히 파악하기 위해서는 국내에서 연구된 바 없는 밀가루 취급 사업장(제분회사 등)에 대한 연구가 필요하며,근로자의 건강과 사회경제적 위치를 보호하기 위한 체계적인 연구도 요구된다. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of baker's asthma due to flour dust in an industrial bakery in Korea. Methods: Of the 596 active workers, 380 were allocated to a category of either direct exposure (DE) or indirect exposure (IE) to flour dust and completed a modified ISAAC questionnaire. Of the 380 participants, 233 were screened by an occupational physician interview, a skin prick test, and an ELISA for serum-specific IgE antibodies to wheat flour extracts. Selected workers received serial monitoring of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and positive PEFR respondents received a methacholine challenge test. The diagnosis of baker's asthma was confirmed by a specific inhalation challenge with wheat flour extracts. Results: The prevalence of sensitization to wheat flour and baker's asthma was 21.0% (25.9% DE, 13.3% IE) and 3.2% (5.1 % DE, 1.8% IE), respectively. DE had an increased risk of sensitization to wheat flour (OR 2.15, 95% CI = 1.03∼4.51). Sensitization to wheat flour and the prevalence of baker's asthma correlated significantly (PR 38.63, 95% CI = 6.14∼243.22). Conclusions: These findings indicate a considerable prevalence of baker's asthma among flour-exposed workers in Korea. Future studies will be required to survey the situation in flour mill companies and seek ways to protect the health and socioeconomic position of flour industry workers.

사이클로이드 감속기구의 역전 방지에 관한 연구

김형준 서울産業大學校 2000 논문집 Vol.51 No.1

The overcentrode cycloidal gearing system has found application in planetary gear trains with difference of number of pinion gear teeth equal to one. This system is used in various application because of its compact size, less backlash, and high efficiency. But the manufacturing of the tooth profile of equidistant curve of epicycloid requires special machining technique. The use of special tooth profile such as trapezoid shape in the cycloidal gearing system makes possible mass production with the fine-blanking press technology. This gearing system with the simple tooth profile requires self-locking for its application, for example automobile seat back control system. This study finds the self-locking conditions and the transmission efficiency of the cycloidal gearing system with the trapezoid shape tooth profile by kinematic analysis and static force analysis.