중력에 관한 고등학생들의 개념 조사 연구

조주환,박명식 조선대학교 학생지도연구소 2004 生活指導硏究 Vol.23 No.1

This study investigates the concept of gravity possessed by high school students. 100 students Moonsung High School in Gwangju were tested for the study. They were encouraged to write explanation about their choice in written multiple-choice questionnaires. The test instrument consists of 8 items, all involving some concepts of gravity. By analysing students' responses and comments, the patterns of thinking were categorized and the proportion of those were calculated. Summerized results are as follows; 1. Higher grade students explained questions with a lot of physical concepts but it was not appropriate to apply those concepts to the given situations. 2. In case of the lower grade students there were more responses of intuitive thinking than of rational one. 3. Because students commonly saw the direction of the force as being necessarily in the same direction as the motion of an object, they had a wrong idea hat gravity acts only on falling motion. 4. Many students had also a wrong idea that the falling speed is closely related with the magnitude of gravity or air resistence in falling motion. 5. Most of students did not estimate the relation between height and gravitational field strength.

제주 지역의 B형 간염 바이러스 유전자형

조지현,박도심,김태현,염주진,김학철,문주현,양재식 대한간학회 2004 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.10 No.1

목적: HBV 감염이 무증상의 자연 회복부터 간경변 혹은 간세포성 간암까지 다양하게 나타나는 요인들로 숙주의 요인과 바이러스의 요인으로 구분되어 제시되는데, 바이러스 요인으로는 감염된 바이러스이 유형이나 염기 변이들이 논의된다. HBV 유형을 구분하는 데는 혈청형과 유전자형이 이용되는데 근자에는 주로 유전자형이 이용된다. 이러한 HBV의 분포는 지역적으로 다르나 지역에 따라서 다른 유형들이 혼재되어 있다. 동남아시아는 B형이지만 극동아시아는 C형으로 알려져 있으며, 대만과 오키나와에서는 B와 C형이 혼재되어 나타난다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 보아 우리 나라의 남부지역에서는 B과 C형이 혼재되어 있을 가능성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 제주 지역에서 HBV의 유전자형을 조사하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 원적지가 제주도이면사, HBsAg가 양성이었던 107명(평균 연령: 46.5세)을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 혈청으로부터 HBsAg/antiHBe를 분석하고, DNA를 추출하여 7개의 유전자형에 따라 특이성을 갖는 시발체(genotype specific primer)들을 이용하여 PCR로 증폭한 후 이를 분석하였다. 주된 유전자형의 일부와 다른 유형에서 증폭에 이용되었던 시발체를 다르게 이용하여 hemi nested PCR로 증폭한 후 염기를 분석하여 계통발생학적 분석법을 이용하였다. 결과: 1. PCR에 의한 HBV DNA 양성은 107명 중 59명(55.1%)이 양성이었다. HBeAg/anti HBe의 발현 양태에 따라 음성/음성에서 2명(66.7%), 음성/양성에서 30명(41.1%), 양성/음성에서 24명(85.7%), 양성/양성에서는 3명(100%)에서 증폭되었다. 2. Multiplex PCR에서는 58명의 유전자형이 C형, 1명에서는 B형과 C형이 동반 출현하였다. 3. Genotype specific primer를 이용하여 각각 따로 PCR을 시행한 경우에 A형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, B형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 1예, C형에 의하여 증폭된 예가 59예로 A형과 B형 모두가 C형에서 증폭된 예였다. 4. 한 쌍의 시발체에 의하여 증폭되었던 A형과 B형 및 C형의 일부에서 염기를 분석한 결과 모두 C 유전자형이었다. 결론: HBsAg이 양성인 제주 지역 주민의 HBV의 유전자형은 C형일 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was classified into 8 genotypes by a sequence divergence in the entire genome designated from A o H. HBV genotypes have distinct geographic distributions. Recently, HBV genotypes have been partially found as influencing the clinical manifestation of chronic liver disease in hosts. In Korea, the distribution of HBV genotypes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HBV genotype on Jeju Island. Methods: Hepatitis B virus genotypes were evaluated among 107 hepatitis B carriers residing on Jeju Island. We used single PCR and multiplex-PCR assay with genotype-specific primer pairs for HBV genotypes A-F for the genotyping. Results: 1. Fifty nine samples (55%) were positive for HBV DNA. The positivity was different according to the pattern of HBeAg/anti-HBe expression, as -/-; 2/3 (66.7%), -/+; 30/73 (30%), +/-; 24/28 (85.7%) and +/+; 3/3 (100%). 2. In the single primer set of genotype-specific PCR, 59 samples (100%) were detected as genotype C and 2 (3%) were also detected as genotype A and B. 3. In multiplex-PCR, 58 samples (98%) were detected as genotype C and only one (2%) as a mixed pattern of genotype B and C. 4. When the PCR products were amplified with universal sense and genotype specific anti-sense from one genotype A, one B, and 2 C, all were included in genotype C. Conclusions: These results suggest that on Juju Island, almost all HBV genotypes are C.(Korean J Hepatol 2004;10:42-50)

광장공포증 동반유무에 따른 공황장애의 임상적 차이 연구

조주연,이길홍,이영식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

To investigate certain differences in sociodemographic characteristics and clinical feature between panic disorder with agoraphobic patients and panic disorder without agoraphobic ones, this study was done. The subjects were 46 panic patients(27 were agoraphobic patients and 19 were without agoraphobic ones). Data was processed by computer using SAS program and was statisticaly analysed by Fisher's exact test, t-test Wilcoxon rank sum test. The results were as follows: 1) Agoraphobic group had more family pathology than without agoraphobic group. 2) Agoraphobic group had more frequent panic attack episodes and more severe step of panic disorder than without agoraphobic group. 3) In both group, the most frequent manifestation of panic symptom was palpitation. 4) IN comparison of two groups, the only symptom that were significantly different was dyspnea.

미역 폐기물의 중금속 흡탈착 특성

조주식,박일남,허종수,이영석 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구에서는 생물흡착제인 미역을 사용하여 인공폐액 내의 중금속의 흡착 특성을 조사하였으며, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 미역 폐기물을 이용하여 제조된 생물흡착제의 단일 중금속 흡착효율은 각 중금속 100 mg/L인 용액에 biosorbent 3 g을 처리했을 때 Pb는 거의 100%였고 Cu와 Cd가 약 85~86% Zn과 Cr은 약 60~64%, Co와 Ni은 약 57%, Mn은 약 48%였다. 복합중금속 흡착효율은 단일중금속 흡착효율에 비하여 Pb를 제외한 다른 중금속들은 크게 감소되었으나 biosorbent g당 전체 중금속 흡착량은 더 증가되었다. 온도, pH에 따른 중금속 흡착효율은 별 차이가 없었으며 전반적으로 pH는 pH 5~6 범위, 온도는 20~30℃ 범위의 실온이 적당한 것으로 나타났다. 생물흡착제의 흡착평형은 모든 중금속이 1시간 이내에 이루어졌다. Freundlich와 Langmuir 등온흡착식을 구하여 실제 폐수처리에 적용여부를 검토한 결과 Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Co 순으로 비교적 친화도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. Freundlich 등온흡착식에 가장 잘 일치하였다. 모든 중금속의 Freondlich 지수 1/n값이 0.1~0.5 범위에 포함되어 흡착이 용이하고, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd 순으로 비교적 평형 흡착량이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이 결과는 Langmuir 흡착등온식의 결과와 거의 유사하였다. 따라서, 중금속 농도범위에 따른 한계범위를 설정하여 등온흡착식을 적용시키면 매우 높은 중금속 처리효율을 나타낼 것으로 판단된다. 생물흡착제가 중금속 흡착 후의 구조적인 특성을 조사하기 위하여 FT-IR 분석 결과, 중금속 이온과 치환될 것으로 생각되는 functional group을 확인할 수 있었으며, 3,400/cm에서의 -OH group, 1,648/cm에서의 C=O bond, 1,426/cm에서의 C-O bond 그리고 850/cm에서의 S=O등이 전반적으로 중금속 흡착 후에 peak가 커지는 것이 관찰되었다. 생물흡착제의 재사용 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 최적의 중금속 탈착조건 검토하였는데, 탈착제 종류에 따른 중금속 탈착효율은 탈착제 종류와 중금속 종류에 따라 차이가 있었고, 전반적으로 NTA>H₂SO₄>HCl>EDTA 순으로 우수하였으며, 전체적으로 특정 중금속의 탈착효율이 떨어지지 않는 NTA가 탈착제로 가장 적합하였다. NTA농도에 따른 중금속 탈착효율은 NTA 0.1~0.3% 농도범위에서는 농도 증가에 따라 탈착효율도 약간 증가되었으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 별 차이 없었다. 온도와 pH 변화에 따른 중금속 탈착효율은 Cr을 제외한 다른 중금속들은 크게 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 전반적으로 온도는 30℃, pH는 2에서 높았다. 탈착제 접촉 반응시간에 따른 탈착효율은 10분 이내에 전체 탈착량의 80%이상이 탈착 되었으며 1시간 이후에는 거의 변화가 없었다. The adsorption and desorption of Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, and Mo on the waste Undaria sp. were studied. Except for Pb, the mono adsorption rate for all heavy metals were lower than that of the heavy metals mixed. However, the adsorption capacity of the heavy metals by 1 g of biosorbent in mixed heavy metals increased. According to FT-IR analysis of the biosorbent after heavy metal biosorption, the replacement of the functional group by the heavy metals ions could be confirmed and the inverted peaks became larger after heavy metals adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium of heavy metals was reached in about 1 hour. The equilibrium parameters were determined based on Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The affinity of metals on the biosorbent decreased in the following order: Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd>Co. The desorption rate decreased in the following sequence: NTA>H₂SO₄>HCl>EDTA. The desorption rate of heavy metals by NTA increased with increase in the concentration from 0.1 to 0.3% but the desorption rate became constant beyond 0.3%. Therefore, it represented that desorption rate of heavy metals was suitable under optimized condition (30℃, pH 2 and 0.3% NTA solution) and was fast with 80% or more the uptake occurring within 10 min of contact time.

施肥量 및 施肥方法이 黃色種 담배 初期生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響

卞珠燮,趙成鎭,盧載榮,申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1984 煙草硏究 Vol.11 No.-

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of different amount of nitrogen and potassium applied and dressing methods on the growth and yield components of flue-cured tobacco The results are summarized as follows. 1.Growth was promoted by increased nitrogen level in the plot of high potassium application. 2.In the low level of nitrogen applications early growth was good in the plot of planting hole application, but there were little differences of growth among the treatments after middle part of maximum growth stage. 3.Weight per leaf area decreased by the increasing level of nitrogen with high potassium application. 4.Except the highest level of nitrogen (15㎏/10a), the weight per cured leaf was larder in the plot applied basal application 33 : first top dressing 33 : second top dressing 33 than in the plot applied 50 : 25 : 25. 5.Increased amount of potassium application made the leaf area contract ion ratio low and specific leaf weight high.

한국판 청소년 상태 - 특성 분노표현척도의 표준화 연구

이영식,조주연 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 저자들은 Spielberger의 상태-특성 분노표현 척도(State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, 이하 STAXI라고 약칭)의 한국판 표준화개발을 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 서울시내 남녀중학교 2학년, 남녀고등학교 2학년 416명을 대상으로 하였고 검사-재검사 신뢰도 검증을 위해 60명에게는 4주후 재검사를 시행하였다. 임상 청소년 집단으로는 행실장애 환자 35명이 참여하였다. 공존타당도를 알아보기 위하여 Achenbach의 아동행동평가표의 공격성 소척도, Barratt의 충동성척도를 함께 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 문항-전체일관성, 내적일관성등 신뢰도 측정면에서 만족스러운 수준이었으며 공격성, 충동성을 측정한 타 척도와의 공존타당도도 비교적 높았다. 2) 요인분석상 요인구성항목들은 원소척도와 다소 상이한 결과를 보여 분노 표현의 문화적 차이를 보여주었다. 3) 임상군에서 상태분노, 특성분노, 기질성 특성분노, 내향화된-분노, 외향화된-분노가 정상집단보다 유의하게 높았다. 4) 연령과 성별에 따른 차이는 모든 소척도가 고등학생이 중학생보다, 남자가 여자보다 높았다. 결 론 : 한국판 STAXI는 타당도 및 신뢰도가 높은 유용한 척도임이 입증되었다. 향후 다양한 임상집단과 일반청소년 집단을 대상으로 한 반복 연구뿐 아니라 본노표현 방식 차이에 관한 횡문화적 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : The purpose of present study was to evaluate reliability and validity of Korean version of State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI). Methods : We applied to 416 second graders of middle and high school students, and 35 clinical conduct disorder subjects. Test-retest reliability test was done to 60 subjects with 4 weeks interval. To evaluate concurrent validity, aggression subscore of Achenbach's CBCL and Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale were as applied. Results : The results were as follows. 1) Test-retest reliability, item-total correlation, and internal consistency were very satisfactory and concurrent validity with other scales was also good. 2) Anger expression scores were significantly increased by aging and males showed significantly higher scores than females. 3) Clinical population scored significantly higher than general population group in the level of anger expression. 4) In factror analysis, item composition of factors were somewhat different from those of original scales. Conclusion : The Korean version STAXI is validated and can be used usefully as evaluating anger of clinical adolescent population. Further research is needed for standardization in general population and clinical referred subjects. Finally, transcultural study should follow to find out difference of anger expression.

관절염으로 발현한 재발성 다발성 연골염 1례

엄민식,박원우,서승철,이진호,조주연,최혜영,이찬희,임소덕 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Relapsing polychondritis is an uncommon multisystemic disease which is characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and progressive destruction of cartilaginous tissue. The cause of relapsing polychondritis is unclear and suspected to be autoimmune pathophysiology. It involves cartilage of nose, vertebra, trachea, peripheral joint as well as structures of eye, heart, blood vessels or inner ear. Auricular chondritis is present in almost all patients, and multiple arthritis, nasal chondritis, saddle nose, eye involvement, laryngotracheal involvement and skin manifestations are also present. We report a case of relapsing polychondritis presented a arthritis with review of literatures.

벼 재배기간중 전남동부지역 농촌하천의 수질과 분포초종

이도진,조주식,국용인,안호근 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.1

전남 동부권에 위치하는 농경지 주변 4개 하천에 대하여 벼 재배기간을 전후한 시기에 하천수질의 특성과 분포하는 초종을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 하천수질 특성은 다양하였으며 조사기간중 각 하천수의 pH는 6.5~8.3 범위였고, EC는 벌교천(162~4,910 μS/cm)에서 가장 높았으며 보성천(114.7~286.6 μS/cm), 송광천(74.8~147.4 μS/cm), 이사천(61.6~82.1 μS/cm)순이었다. 조사기간중 총질소 함량은 보성천(1.9~7.4 mg/L), 벌교천(2.1~3.9 mg/L), 송광천(2.4~3.4 mg/L), 이사천(1.7~2.6 mg/L)순으로 호소수질 환경기준 1등급(0.2 mg/L)과 농업용수 수질기준(1 mg/L)을 모두 초과하였다. 그 밖의 대부분 조사항목(K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl^- 등)은 하천에 따른 함유량 고저 차이는 있었으나 모내기를 전후한 시기에 영양염류 함량이 가장 높게 나타나 보성천에서는 5월, 송광천과 이사천에서는 6월이었다. 4개 하천의 조사지점에서 관찰된 초종수는 모두 16과 30종이었으며 송광천, 보성천, 이사천, 벌교천에서 각각 18종, 19종, 15종 및 5종으로서 다년생은 17종, 일년생과 2년생은 13종이 출현하였다. 침수성 초종은 검정말, 말즘, 물수세미, 부유성 초종은 개구리밥과 좀개구리밥, 추수성 초종은 갈대, 고마리, 미나리, 여뀌, 줄 등이 관찰되었다. 물가와 주변에서는 개구리자리, 개피, 달뿌리풀, 돌소리쟁이, 물억새, 미국가막사리, 바늘골, 방동바니대가리, 뱀딸기, 사마귀풀, 삿갓사초, 살갈퀴, 선피막이, 소리쟁이, 쇠방동사니, 여뀌바늘, 큰도꼬마리, 토끼풀, 환삼덩쿨, 황새냉이 등의 20종이 관찰되었으며 그 중 고마리, 소리쟁이, 환삼덩쿨은 하천의 모든 조사지점에 출현하였다. The characteristic of the quality of stream water and the nlparlan vegetation during rice cultivation in the rural area of the eastern Jeonnam province was surveyed from April to November, 2000. The water quality of the streams during rice cultivation was variable. The pH of these water bodies ranged from 6.5~83. Electro conductivity (EC) at each water body ranged from 162~4,910 μS/cm for Beolgyo-cheon, 114.7~286.6 μS/cm for Boseong-cheon, 74.8~147 μS/cm for heon, and 61.6~82.1 μS/cm for Isa-cheon. Total nitrogen and other parameters (K, Ca, Mg, Na, CT, SS) were higher at May (Boseong-cheon) through June (Songgwang-cheon, Isa-cheon) during the transplanting season than these same parameters at August, October and November. Thirty weed species of sixteen families were found in the survey areas of Songgwang-cheon, Boseong-cheon, Isa-cheon and Beolgyo-cheon. Nine annual weeds, four biennial weeds, and seventeen perennial weeds were found, several different life forms were identified. Of those species three were submerged, two were free floating, five were emerged, and twenty were water-side weeds.

銅鑛山廢水로부터 分離한 구리 耐性菌(P.stutzeri)의 菌體內 구리 蓄積 特性

許鍾秀,曺周植,韓文圭,李洪宰,林永成 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1994 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

Of the copper-tolerant 215 bacterial strains isolated from polluted river water, wastewater and activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater and soils of the copper mine aera in Gyeongnam province a strain, which showed considerably higher growth rate in the agar plate containing 2000ppm of copper than any other strains, was identified as a Pseudomonas stutzeri or its similar strain when analyzed by taxonomical charicteristics. Optimum pH and temperature for the growth of the P. stutzeri were 7.0 and 30℃ respectively. This strain was resistant to antibiotics, such as ampicillin and tetracycline, and heavy metals, such as lead and chromium. This strain utilized phenol benzen or toluene as a sole carbon source. The rate of copper accumulation in P. stutzeri cell was enhanced at low concentration of Cu in the growth media. The maximum copper absorption by this strain grown in 10ppm of Cu at 3 days after culture was 49%, but in 50ppm and 100ppm of Cu was 38% and 32%, respectively. The optimal temprature and pH for the effective intracellular accumulation of copper were 30℃ and initial pH 8.0 under shaking culture.

구리 耐性菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)의 菌體內 구리 蓄積機作

許鍾秀,曺周植,韓文圭,李洪宰,林永成 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1994 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

In order to study the mechanism of the copper accumulation in the cell of copper-tolerant bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, distribution of the copper in the cell were investigated. Approximately 61% of the accumulated copper was distributed on the cell wall and the other 39% portion was in cytoplasm. 78% of the copper in the cell wall fractions was present in the polyphosphate and polysaccharide fractions, but most of copper in the cytoplasm fractions was in protein and nucleic acid. Copper affected the protein synthesis in P. stutzeri. The intracellular protein content was decreased by copper addition, but the soluble protein precipitated by ammonium sulfate(30-75% saturation) was increased as compared to that from the cells grown without copper. Furthermore, in the cells grown with copper, high-molecular-weight soluble protein was increased, compared with the cells grown without copper, but low-molecular -weight soluble protein was decreased. These results indicate that copper inhibited the intracellular protein biosynthesis but enhanced the biosynthesis of the high-molecular-weight soluble protein precipitated by ammonium sulfate(30-75% saturation).