黃色 葉煙草 主産地 土壤에 對한 調査硏究 : 淸州 葉煙草 生産組合管內 土壤에 對하여 For Fields of the Tobacco producers' Cooperative area in Cheungju

趙成鎭,卞珠燮,陸昌洙 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1974 煙草硏究 Vol.2 No.-

With the aim of surveying soil characteristics of main Y.S.A-producing fields, the results obtained from the soils in the Cheungju-Cheungwon-gun producers' cooperative area are summarized as follows : 1.The results obtained from the present survey of soils were not consistent with the originalgrades designated as A, B and C by the producers' cooperative. 2.Particularly in terms of the relationship between cultivation periods(yrs) and yields, the yields in normal-productive soils decreased gradually with time, whereas no such tendency was observed in the low-productive soils. Pest damages were noticeable in the case of the low-productive fields. 3.Physical properties showed that the depths of surface soils were, on average, over 20cm in both normal and low-productive fields, the former being a little deeper. In soil texture, in general most of them were coarse sandy soils, low-productive fields abounding in clayey soils. 4.Chemical properties indicated that both normal and low-productive soils were strongly acidic, Mostly the latter having lower pH's than the former to be pH 4.6~5.0. Proportionally, exchangeable base and degree of base saturation of low-productive soils were lower than those of normal soils. This seems to be the cause of low-productivity in terms of soil itself. Contents of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and humus were very low and far below the average contents of field soils of this country. No difference was recognized between normal and low-productive soils.

忠北道內 葉煙草 病蟲害의 發生 및 被害狀況調査

魯斗鉉,李重基,朴然圭,安長憲,盧載榮,朴相一 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1971 煙草硏究 Vol.1 No.-

a) This investigation was carried out in Chung-Buk province in order to obtain the basic data for divising an effective measure of controling tobacco plant pests and insects, and for establishing the cropping system to produce better and more tobacco by thoroughly inquiring into the out break of tobacco plant pests and insects and the suffering conditions. b) Out-break rates of the main diseases and insects. As for the disease, obvious differences were shown among the kinds of disease and among the districts. Rates of out break of tobacco plant diseases were in the following order : brown spot, granville wile and virus for kinds of diseases : and Chungju-Miwon, Eumsong Jinchon, Choongju-Jechon, Poeun, Okchon, and Jeung pyong for districts. Significant differences were recognized between the region of Chongju-Miwon and the region of Poeun, Okchon, Jeungpyong, and between the region of Jinchon-Eumsong, and the region of Okchon, Jeung pyong, while the differences among other regions were insignificant. As for the insects, outbreak rate of tobacco moths amounted to 50. 2% of tobacco plants, and differences were to be seen among regions. There were differences among the region of Chung ju-Miwon, Jinchon-Eumsung and four other regions while no differences were shown among the regions of Okchon, Poeun, Jeung pyong-Choonfiu and Jechon c) Rate of injuries by those plant pests and insects were as follows: i) Diseases : quantity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥11.52% quality ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥18.42% ii) Isects : quantity‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥1.53% quality‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥1.64% Over all rates of injuries amounted to 13.05% in yields and to 20.06% in quality. d) Tendencies of outbreak and rates of injuries by each plant and insects were as follows: 1) Diseases a) Brown spot Out break-rate of brown spot was the highest, 37.8% among all. No differeances were shown by the number of successive cropping years of tobacco plants on the same land. However, highly significant differences were found among different districts. Districts of Chonaju-Miwon showed highest rate of outbreak 79.5%, As to the rates of injuries in yield by this disease, differences were shown among districts and among kinds of leaves. And same tendencies were to be seen for the rates of injuries in qualities. Especially there were highly significant defferences among kinds of leaves. Rate of injuries both in yield and in quality was highest in medium leaves and in the order of main leaves, low leaves and high leaves. Some of the rates of injuries in different districts are shown below : ◁표 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요) The average rails of injuries caused by this disease (Brown Spot) were 1.00% in yield and 1.85% in quality. b) Virus disease Average rate of outbreak of virus was 15.2%, next to brownspot, and was not related with the number of successive cropping years of tobacco on the same land. But each district showed different infection rate of virus; for instance, the outbreak-rate of virus in Jinchon Eumsong district amounted to 29.7%, which was the highest. Rate of injuries in yield by virus showed no obvious difference among districts but there were highly significant differences according to the degrees of infection: highest rate of injuries occured at outbreak index "5." Rates of injuries in quality showed highly significant differences among districts and degrees of infection: Several injuries were found in Jinchon Eumsong district, being 15.57% and at outbreak index "5" The average rates of injuries by this disease were 4.18%, in yield and 8.25% in quality injuries in yield was next to the highest caused by granville wit and injuries in qualities was the highest among the injuries caused by other diseasess and insects investigated. c) Granville wilt It was only granville wilt among the diseases which were investigated that showed sign ificant difference of outbreak rate and of rate of injuries in yield owing to the number of successive years of cropping tobacco on the same land differences in rates of injuries were insignificant in each districts, but the more the years of continious cropping of tobacco the more the outbreak rate and loss in yield were observed. Outbreak rate of this disease was 9.9% and highest rate of injuries in yield was 9.9% found on the land of 20 years successive cropping of tobacco. Average rate of injuries caused by granville wilt were 5.95% in yield, the highest among the diseases and insects, and 7.91% in quality, the next the highest injuries caused by virus. 2. Injuries caused by insects: a) Tobacco moths and Tobacco bug. Outbreak rate of mouths was 50.2% showing no difference owing to the number of successive cropping years of tobacco on the same land. But high differences in outbreak rate were found among districts : for instance, in Chongju-Miwon district, outbreak-rate amounted to 78% which was the highest percentage. Rates of injuries in both yield and quality showed great differences among districts and kinds of leaves. Greatest injuries occured in Chongju-Miwon district being 2.55% in yield and 2.59% in quality. Main leaves suffered the most injuries and next were in the order of medium leaves, high leaves and low leaves. Outbreak rate of tobacco bug was 2.9%, and the rate of injuries was 0.02%, only in quality, very slight, Average rates of loss caused by insects in the whole districts were 1.45% in yield and 1.55% in quality. b) Nematode. This survey was carried out in order to reveal tendency of the inhabitation density of nematode according to successive cropping of tobacco plants on the same land. Inhabitation density of nematode was found to be increasing remarkably with the years of successive of tobacco. In course of 5 to 6 years of successive cropping of tobacco plants on the same land, inhabitation density increased gradually and reached the maximum density at 11 to 20 years of successive cropping. Among districts, difference was found between the new production area and the old production area. As describe above, out break of granville wilt of tobacco plants increased with the number of successive cropping years. And with the same number of successive cropping years, outbreak of granville wilt increased with the inhabitation density of nematode. c) The effect of brown spot, anthracnose, wild fire etc, upon the yield and quality of tobacco plants, which have not studied in this investigation will be studied later. And the later study will also include concrete survey on the time and outbreak conditions of tobacco disease and insects, countermeasures against successive cropping of tobacco, and relation between inhabitation density of nematode outbreak diseases, etc.

담배 摘芯前 및 後의 腋芽發生의 品種間 差異

申周植 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1988 煙草硏究 Vol.13 No.-

1.Differences of ground sucker development among varieties were shown. The peak time of developing the ground suckers were eight weeks after transplanting influe-cured, and six weeks in local varieties. Burley varieties showed little development of ground suckers. 2.Dry weight per a ground sucker was large in local, medium in flue-cured, and seal 1 in burley varieties. 3.In flue-cured varieties, the dry matter of ground sucker was large in Coker 139, BY 4 and Va 115, and small in NC 82 and Nc2326. 4.Burley varieties had the most number of suckers and Cheongjuyub the least primary suckers of Ky10, secondary suckers of Burley 21 and Coker 139, and tertiary suckers of the other varieties were shown as the peak developing time, Local varieties had few or no quadratic suckers. 5.The growth rate of ground suckers and suckers of Hyangcho was remarkably larger than any other varieties. Burley varieties had small ground suckers relatively large suckers. Cheongjuyub had large ground suckers and small leers. Flue-cured varieties lay between the burley and local varieties.

버어리종 담배의 염소에 관한 연구 : 염소시용시기 및 시용량이 담배의 염소흡수 및 엽중분포에 미치는 영향 The effects of application time and rate of chlorine on the chlorine absorption and distribution in each stalk position of the plants

김상범,배길관 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1988 煙草硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Effects of application time and rate of chlorine on the chlorine absorption and distribution at different stalk positions of the plants were investigated in burley tobacco grown under the pot condition. Treatment consisted of 6 application times(from 2 weeks before transplanting to 8 weeks after transplanting with 2 weeks' interval) and 2 application rates(2g and 4g-KCl/pot) by 6×2 factorial experimental design. The tobacco plants took up the chlorine rapidly just after chlorine application, and the chlorine content of leaf was increased proportionally to the rate of chlorine application. The chlorine was accumulated much in lower leaves when chlorine was applied early, while the chlorine accumulated much in upper leaves when chlorine was applied late. The chlorine content of leaf was negatively correlated to the degree of brightness, red color and yellow color of cured leaf. Significant increases in cured leaf ratio, leaf thickness, leaf weight and weight per unit leaf area of harvested leaf were obtained with increased chlorine application. When the chlorine was applied early, the leaf weight showed increasing tendency.

우리나라 煙草耕作者의 經營實態 調査

李鶴洙 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1995 煙草硏究 Vol.15 No.-

The personal and agronomic characteristics of tobacco famers were surveyed on 482 men randomly selected from main production districts of tobacco in Korea. The average age and tobacco producing career of farmers was 46.8 and 14.8 years, respectively. 69.5% of investigated farmers were completed further the junior high school course, and they averaged 5.6 men in a family but the available hands on forming was 2.21 men. Total culivated acreages per farmer was 284a, and then 34.3% of the acreages was the leased land. 59.7% of the total cultivated acreages was for tobacco, and 28.5% of them was for rice, and the rests were for red pepper and the other plants. The average size of tobacco farmland was 175a, and then 28.4% of them was paddy field. The tobacco farmland was consisted of 5.1 pieces which the size of a farm varied from 38a to 60a. 97.4% of tobacco farmlands was located in a flatness and a gentle slope, and 85.8% of them was distributed within 1.5Km from the house. And then total distances among the tobacco farmlands from the house was estimated 4,852m. The rent of leased land per Pyeong was \548.0 in a year, and the market price of farm varied significantly from \4,000 to \145,000 per Pyeong according to the districts. The agricultural incomes per farmer was estimated yearly \21,334,000, which was consisted of tobacco(66.5%) rice((15.6%), red popper(9.8%), and others(8.2%)

잎담배 生産技術의 現況 및 發展方向

石泳善 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1995 煙草硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This paper aims to analyse the general characteristics of tobacco productive circumstances and to suggest attention on mechanization alternatives that are available to build up the infra-structure for tobacco production. The characteristics of tobacco productive circumstances can be summarized as widespread small scale farming, high labor practices, and pit-covered mulching cultivation. Rapid development of economic growth during the last decade has been largely increased farm wages as decrease of the shortage of absoluted rural labors. Accompanying the labor problems have been a continual reducing of tobacco production. Much progress has been made in recent years in the development of new tools and techniques for all phase of tobacco production, form soil preparation to curing. The new developments should be considered both reducing labor and raising operational efficiency toward optimum levels. The improvement of productivity should be effectively produced on mechanization and techiques by float system and direct-seeding of transplants in large greenhouse, integrate work of soil preparation, many-sided machinery for field management, large curing facilities, automation of curing management, and large package of tangled leaf. The management rationalization should be effectively produced on expanding farm size, reforming farm land, specializing the seedling production, manufacturing compost and grouping the curing barn by contract farmers or encouraging group.

タバユ葉からのRuBisCO蛋白の抽出利用に關する基礎的硏究

李鶴洙 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1988 煙草硏究 Vol.13 No.-

石灰物質 施用이 Burley種 煙草의 收量과 化學成分에 미치는 影響

李哲煥,金容鈺,朴秀俊 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1988 煙草硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of liming materials application on yield, and chemical composition of Burley 21 in 1986. Liming materials and application rate were CaSO4 : Ca 35kg/10a, CaCO3 : Ca 35kg/10a and Liming : pH 6.5. Lime increased Ca, Mg and pH of fresh and cured leaves, but decreased Al, Fe and Mn concentrations. Yield were increased by liming materials application. Among liming materials treatment, yield of limed and CaCO3 plot were higher than that of CaSO4 plot. Value per kg of cured leaves was not affected by liming materials application. Cured leaves of CaSO4 plot contained higher NH3-nitrogen and alkalinity number of water insoluble ash than those of unlimed plot. Cured leaves of CaCO3 plot contained higher alkalinity number of water soluble ash, insoluble ash and volatile neutral constituent, but lower protein - nitrogen and petroleum ether extracts than those of unlimed plot. Cured leaves of limed plot contained higher alkalinity number of water soluble and insoluble ash, NO3-nitrogen and volatile neutral constituents, but lower protein-nitrogen, nicotine and petroleum ether extracts than those unlimed plot. Limed increased yield, however it did not affect leaf quality in respect to chemical and organoleptic characteristics, suggesting that controlling the soil pH about 6.5 by liming should be necessary for tobacco cultivation.

腋芽利用에 關한 硏究 : 第1報 腋芽發育이 黃色種잎담배의 諸形質에 미치는 影響 The Effect of Sucker Growth on the Characteristics of the Flue-cured tobacco plant

盧載榮,李鶴洙 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1979 煙草硏究 Vol.6 No.-

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of sucker growth on growth, yield constitutional elements, yield and chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1.The growth of four sucker loaves had a effect on decrease in the leaf length and width, number of harvested leaf, dry weight per a plant and increase in soluble sugar content of main plant. 2.Total dry weight summed main plant's up sucker's showed remarkable increase, for the growth of Sucker vesulted mainly in increase number of harvested leaf. 3.The growth of four sucker loaves increased in S. Sugar/Nicotine ratio and decreased T-Nitrogen/Nicotine ratio, so leaf quality was increased. 4.The leaf length and width, dry weight of a leaf and nitrogenous compounds contents of sucker leaves in increased fertilization plot were higher, but soluble sugar content was lower than decreased fertilization plot. 5.In comparison the characteristics of sucker leaves with the leaf of main plant, there were no difference in leaf sizes dry weight of a leaf, but exhibited lower ik S. Sugar content and higher in nitrogenous compound. contents thant main plant. Also, T-Nitrogen/Nicotine ratio below 1.0 was such level as main plant. 6.It was confirmed that the yield and leaf quality of main plant could be increased by means of suckor growth, when flue-cured tobacco plant renewed vegetative vigor.

Fatty Alcohol 處理 時期와 濃度가 黃色種 담배의 下部腋芽의 除去에 미치는 影響

尹富基,金鎭榮,申周植,盧載榮 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1997 煙草硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentration and spraying time of Fatty Alcohol(Anti-suc) on the ground sucker control of flue-cured tobacco (var. NC 82) in 1996. The results are as follows. 1.Though the higher concentration of fatty alcohol sprayed showed more effective in controlling ground suckers of flue-cured tobacco, 30 times dilution treatment showed satisfactory control of ground suckers as compared to the hand suckering. 2.Ten times diluted fatty alcohol treatment damaged significantly the harvestable leaf lamina, basal part of midrib(leaf axil) of the lower leaves and cortex of stem near soil surface. 30 times dilution treatment damaged little on the leaf and stem. 3.Spraying time of fatty alcohol solution in this experiment showed little differences of the effects on the control of ground suckers. It is likely that spraying solution 50 days after transplanting is more advantageous in working convenience and in labor saving than 40 days application. 4.Ground sucker control by fatty alcohol spraying saved labor hours and increase income significantly as compared to the hand suckering.