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문승의,김백조,하창환 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.2
The characteristics on the transtion probabilities and periodicity for the daily precipitation occurrence in Korean peninsula are investigated by applying the Markov chain properties to daily precipitation occurrence. In order to examine the responses of Markov Chain properties to the applied period and their magnitudes, three cases (Case A: 1956∼1985 at 14 stations, Case B: 1965∼1994 at 14 stations, and Case C: 1985∼1994 at 63 stations) are considered in this study. The transition probabilities from wet day to wet day for all cases are about 0.50 and in summer, especially July, are higher. In addition, considering them in each station we can find that they are the highest at Ullung-do and lowest at Inchon for all cases. The annual equilibrium probabilities of a wet day appear 0.31 in Case A, 0.30 Case B, and 0.29 Case C, respectively. This may explain that as the data-period used becomes shorter, the higher the equilibrium probability is. The seasonal distributions of equilibrium probabilities are appeared the lowest(0.23∼0.28) in winter and the highest(more than 0.39) in spring and monthly in July and in October, repectively. The annual mean wet duration for all cases is 2.04 days in Case A, 1.99 Case B, and 1.89 Case C, repectively. The weather cycle obtained from the annual mean wet and dry duration is 6.54∼6.59 days, which are closely associated with the movement of synoptic systems. And the statistical tests show that the transitions of daily precipitation occurrence for all cases may have two-state first Markov chain property, being the stationarity in time and heterogeneity in space.
Trajectory optimization and the control of a re-entry vehicle in TAEM phase
Jo-Ha Baek,이대우,Jong-Hun Kim,조겸래,Jang-Sik Yang 대한기계학회 2008 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.22 No.6
This paper investigates the optimal trajectory and the feedback linearization control of a re-entry vehicle during TAEM (terminal area energy management) phase. First, an optimization algorithm with dynamic pressure as the cost function is used to obtain the optimal trajectory in TAEM. This optimal trajectory is considered the reference for ensuring a stable flight path of the re-entry vehicle. The control inputs are the angle of attack and bank angle, which determine the total energy and safety of the re-entry vehicle. Second, feedback linearization is used to design a tracking law in the TAEM phase. This paper validates the optimal solution as the reference trajectory with HAC (heading alignment cylinder) and the tracking performance of the re-entry vehicle onto the reference trajectory by feedback linearization.
Lee, Ha Young,Kim, Mi-Kyoung,Park, Kyoung Sun,Shin, Eun Ha,Jo, Seong Ho,Kim, Sang Doo,Jo, Eun Jin,Lee, Youl-Nam,Lee, Chuhee,Baek, Suk-Hwan,Bae, Yoe-Sik American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental 2006 Molecular pharmacology Vol.70 No.1
<P>Although the level of serum amyloid A has been reported to be up-regulated during inflammatory response, the role of serum amyloid A on the regulation of inflammation and immune response has not been elucidated. We found that serum amyloid A stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10, which are proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively, in human monocytes. Low concentrations of serum amyloid A stimulated TNF-alpha production with maximal activity at 6 h after stimulation, whereas high concentrations of serum amyloid A stimulated IL-10 production with maximal activity at 12 h. The activations of the two cytokines by serum amyloid A occurred at both the transcription and translational levels. Signaling events induced by serum amyloid A included the activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 kinase), which were found to be required for TNF-alpha and IL-10 production, respectively. The stimulation of formyl peptide receptor-like-1-expressing RBL-2H3 cells, but not of vector-expressing RBL-2H3 cells with serum amyloid A, induced mitogen-activated protein kinases activation and the accumulation of the RNAs of these two cytokines. Together, our findings suggest that serum amyloid A modulates contrary immune responses via formyl peptide receptor-like 1, by inducing TNF-alpha or IL-10, and demonstrate that extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 kinase play counteracting roles in this process.</P>
Baek, Seung Hyun,Park, So Jung,Jeong, Jae In,Kim, Sung Hyun,Han, Jihoon,Kyung, Jae Won,Baik, Sang-Ha,Choi, Yuri,Choi, Bo Youn,Park, Jin Su,Bahn, Gahee,Shin, Ji Hyun,Jo, Doo Sin,Lee, Joo-Yong,Jang, Cho Society for Neuroscience 2017 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.37 No.20
<P>Excessive mitochondrial fission is a prominent early event and contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic failure, and neuronal cell death in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it remains to be determined whether inhibition of excessive mitochondrial fission is beneficial in mammal models of AD. To determine whether dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a key regulator of mitochondrial fragmentation, can be a disease-modifying therapeutic target for AD, we examined the effects of Drp1 inhibitor on mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunctions induced by oligomeric amyloid-beta(A beta) in neurons and neuropathology and cognitive functions in A beta precursor protein/presenilin 1 double-transgenic AD mice. Inhibition of Drp1 alleviates mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, ATP reduction, and synaptic depression in A beta-treated neurons. Furthermore, Drp1 inhibition significantly improves learning and memory and prevents mitochondrial fragmentation, lipid peroxidation, BACE1 expression, and A beta deposition in the brain in the AD model. These results provide evidence that Drp1 plays an important role in A beta-mediated and AD-related neuropathology and in cognitive decline in an AD animal model. Therefore, inhibiting excessive Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission may be an efficient therapeutic avenue for AD.</P>
Ha, Sung-Kyu,Yang, Seung-Ju,Shin, Sug-Kyun,Jo, Young-Il,Baek, Kyung-Min,Hong, Seung-Hwa,Pack, Seung-Pil,Kim, Sung-Jo,Heo, Tae-Hwe The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2010 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.4
Clinical cases of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) have been reported during the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) therapy for the anemia patients. PRCA is a rare hematological disorder leading to a severe anemia due to an almost complete stop of red blood cell production. Antibody (Ab)-associated PRCA is caused by the EPO-neutralizing Abs that eliminate the biological activity of EPO. In order to detect anti-EPO Abs in human sera, we performed conventional ELISA, directly coated bridging ELISA, and streptavidin coated bridging ELISA, and compared their sensitivity and specificity. Some false positive results were obtained in the conventional ELISA. One positive sample was detected successfully by streptavidin coated bridging ELISA, which was not appeared in the directly coated bridging ELISA. In conclusion, streptavidin coated bridging ELISA was substantially sensitive and specific format and one out of sixty-eight serum samples was proved to be anti-EPO positive.
JO, SEO-HEE,BAEK, SEUNG-BUM,HA, JI-HYOUNG,HA, SANG-DO International Association for Food Protection 2010 Journal of food protection Vol.73 No.5
<P>Cronobacter sakazakii cells in biofilms formed on silicone, polycarbonate, and stainless steel coupons immersed in reconstituted powdered infant milk formula were treated with ethanol (10 to 70%) and UV light (12 to 2,160 mW·s/cm2) as antibacterial treatments. Biofilm maturation curves were determined after immersion at 25°C for up to 144 h. Populations increased after subsequent immersion at 25°C for 24 h in reconstituted powdered infant milk formula to the respective maximum levels of 7.96, 7.91, and 6.99 log CFU per coupon. Populations attached to silicone and polycarbonate surfaces to a greater extent than to stainless steel (P < 0.05). Treatment with 10% ethanol did not cause a significant decrease in the level of C. sakazakii, but treatment with 30, 40, and 50% ethanol reduced the levels to approximately 1.73, 3.02, and 4.17 log CFU per coupon, respectively. C. sakazakii was not detected on any coupon after treatment with 70% ethanol or 2,160 mW·s/cm2 UV light. A synergistic effect of sequential ethanol and UV treatments was not observed.</P>
백민지 ( Baek Min Ji ),황윤하 ( Hwang Yoon Ha ),홍의선 ( Hong Eui Seon ),이상일 ( Lee Sang Il ),조성일 ( Jo Sung Il ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2020 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.24 No.1
텐던은 포스트텐션교량의 핵심 구성요소로, 텐던 배치방법에 따라 내부 텐던과 외부 텐던으로 분류할 수 있다. 그 중 교체가 어려운 내부 텐던의 경우 손상을 조기에 발견하고 적절한 보수ㆍ보강과 지속적인 모니터링 시행을 통해 내구성과 안전성을 확보해야 한다. 덕트 내 그라우트 충진 결함이 확인된 경우에는 텐던의 취약성·중요성·작업의 용이성 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 그라우트 보수 여부를 결정하고 있으며, 그라우트 재충진과 같은 물리적인 보수방법과 함께 계측 시스템 도입을 통한 장기적인 관리방법이 널리 활용되고 있다. 그라우트 충진 결함 이외에 내부텐던 파단 발생 등 치명적인 결함이 발생한 경우에는 프리스트레스 도입, 보강재추가 등을 통해 구조물의 역학적 성능을 회복시킬 수 있다. 이때에는, 보수ㆍ보강된 부분뿐만 아니라 구조물 전체에 대한 역학적 성능검토를 수행하여 안전성 여부를 판단할 수 있다. 본 연구는 국내외 포스트텐션교량 보수보강 사례 연구를 통해 각 보수보강공법의 현장 적용성 및 특장점 등을 고찰하고 있으며, 적절한 계측방안 도입을 통한 장기적인 유지관리 방안을 제시하고자 한다.