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성과기준의 수준에 따른 금전적 보상이 내재적 동기에 미치는 영향
정은실(Jung, Eunsil),이경민(Lee, Kyoungmin) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.21
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of tangible performance -contingent reward on intrinsic motivation according to the level of performance standard required for reward in cases where prior intrinsic motivation is high or low. The results are as follows. In the high prior intrinsic motivation group, the intrinsic motivation reduction effect was shown by the participants who were rewarded according to the low performance standard, while the intrinsic motivation reduction effect was low in the group with low prior intrinsic motivation. The motivation was increased compared to the comparative group and the increased intrinsic motivation was maintained above the medium level even after 2 months of experiment. These results show that the inhibition of intrinsic motivation through tangible reward can be overcome by the appropriateness of the performance standard required for the reward, suggesting that they can draw intrinsic motivation. 본 연구의 목적은 사전 내재적 동기가 높은 경우와 낮은 경우, 보상에 요구되는 성과 기준의 수준에 따라 금전적 보상이 내재적 동기에 미치는 영향과 장기적인 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 피험자내 설계와 집단간 설계를 혼합하여 2달간 중학교 1학년 4개 학급 93명을 대상으로 내재적 동기를 3회 조사한 결과를 분석하여 집단 비교하였다. 실험 결과 사전 내재적 동기가 높은 집단에서는 낮은 성과기준에 따라 보상을 받은 실험 참여자들에 의해 내재적 동기 감소효과가 나타나는 반면, 사전 내재적 동기가 낮은 집단에서는 낮은 성과기준에 따라 보상을 제공받은 실험 참여자 들의 내재적 동기가 증가하였으며 증가된 내재적 동기는 실험 2개월 후에도 중간 이상의 수준을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 금전적 보상을 통한 내적 동기의 저해 효과는 보상을 제공받기 위하여 요구되는 성과 기준의 적합한 수준에 따라 극복될 수 있으며, 적절한 성과 기준의 수준에 따른 보상의 제공이 사전 내재적 동기가 낮은 학습자들의 과제에 대한 흥미를 이끌어낼 수 있다는 것을 시사해 준다.
The molecular mechanisms of vitamin C on cell cycle regulation in B16F10 murine melanoma
Hahm, Eunsil,Jin, Dong-Hoon,Kang, Jae Seung,Kim, Young-In,Hong, Seung-Woo,Lee, Seung Koo,Kim, Ha Na,Jung, Da Jung,Kim, Jee Eun,Shin, Dong Hoon,Hwang, Young Il,Kim, Yeong Seok,Hur, Dae Young,Yang, Yool Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of cellular biochemistry Vol.102 No.4
<P>Vitamin C has inconsistent effects on malignant tumor cells, which vary from growth stimulation to apoptosis induction. It is well known that melanoma cells are more susceptible to vitamin C than any other tumor cells, but the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells was suppressed by vitamin C, which induced growth arrest in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxic effects. Therefore, we investigated the changes in cell cycle distribution of B16F10 melanoma cells by staining DNAs with propidium iodide (PI). The growth inhibition of B16F10 melanoma by vitamin C was associated with an arrest of cell cycle distribution at G1 stage. In addition, the levels of p53-p21<SUP>Waf1/Cip1</SUP> increased during G1 arrest, which were essential for vitamin C-induced cell cycle arrest. The increased p21<SUP>Waf1/Cip1</SUP> inhibited CDK2. Moreover, the activity of p53-p21<SUP>Waf1/Cip1</SUP> pathway was closely related with the activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2). Inhibitor of the PI3K-family, LY294002 and the ATM/ATR inhibitor, caffeine, blocked vitamin C-induced growth arrest in B16F10 melanoma cells. These results suggest that vitamin C might be a potent agent to inhibit proliferative activity of melanoma cells via the regulation of Chk2-p53-p21<SUP>Waf1/Cip1</SUP> pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 1002–1010, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Jung, Yong Jae,Jang, Sung Ho,Yeo, Sang Seok,Lee, Eunsil,Kim, Saeyoon,Lee, Dong Gyu,Kim, Han Sun,Son, Su Min S. Karger AG 2012 European neurology Vol.67 No.4
<P>Abstract</P><P><I>Objectives:</I> Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we investigated the state of medial lemniscus (ML), corticospinal tract (CST), and posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), which were expected as probable reasons for clinical hemiplegia in pediatric patients, especially those who showed impaired fine motor control and proprioception, but no definite motor weakness or spasticity. <I>Methods:</I> We recruited 13 hemiplegic patients and 8 age-matched healthy control subjects. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for the bilateral ML, CST, and PTR were calculated and compared between the affected hemisphere of the patient (AP), the unaffected hemisphere of the patient (UP), and the mean value of the bilateral hemispheres in control subjects (MC). <I>Results:</I> FA and ADC values for the CST and PTR did not differ significantly between the AP, UP, and MC subgroups (p > 0.05). However, the FA value for the ML in AP showed a significant decrease, compared with that in UP (p = 0.012) and MC (p = 0.047). DTT for the CST and PTR showed preserved integrity and ML in the UP also had continuity to the cortex; however, ML in AP showed disruption. <I>Conclusions:</I> Using DTI, we demonstrated that the ML lesion might be related to clinical hemiplegia in pediatric patients.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
Fibrolamellar Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Cytokeratin 7 Expression - A Case Report -
Mi Jung Kim,Eun Yoon Cho,Mi Sun Choe,Eunsil Yu 대한병리학회 2002 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.36 No.5
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A 26-year-old female presented a hepatic mass and mild elevation of liver enzymes. Viral markers were negative, and levels of tumor markers were normal. Radiologically, the mass was well demarcated with central dot-like calcification and hypervascularity. Under the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, right lobectomy was performed. The tumor was grayish yellow with central fibrosis and focal hemorrhage and invaded a septal bile duct. Non-neoplastic liver was unremarkable. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of large polygonal cells in sheets, cords, and pseudoglands that were interwound by dense collagenous stroma. Tumor cells had abundant deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Intracellular bile pigments and pale bodies were present. Tumor cells were diffusely immunostained for cytokeratin 7 (CK7), but not for cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Strong expression of CK7 in the present case suggests dual differentiation of FLC.
다중요인분석을 이용한 전탕용수에 따른 신이 성분의 추출효과 비교
윤희정,김경태,조종운,이은주,김동희,황귀서,이은실,강종성 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2014 藥學論文集 Vol.29 No.-
Abstract – The composition of minerals and anions in six types of decoction water (S1 to S6) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectomerty (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromerty (ICP-MS), respectively. Extraction efficiency of active compound of Magnoliae Flos depending on decoction water was determined by analyzing seven major peaks using HPLC and LC-MS. In results, S5 contained highest Ca, Mg and SO4 content and S4 showed the highest Cl and NO3 content than other waters. Using multiple factor analysis, it was proved that the variation of the area for peak1 and peak7 of Magnoliae Flos extract related to K, Si and Na, and peak5 linked to SO4, Cl and NO3. Considering peak5 which is highly variable depending on the type of decoction water, the area of peak5 decocted with S4, S5 and S6 were higher than those decocted with S1, S2 and S3. In conclusion, the content of compounds in Magnoliae Flos extracts was different depending on decoction water, indicating that decoction water affected the extraction efficiency and the bioactivity of Magnoliae Flos extract.
( Mi-jung Jun ),( Ju Hyun Shim ),( Joo Ho Lee ),( Gi-won Song ),( Yangsoon Park ),( Eunsil Yu ),( Sung-gyu Lee ),( Jihyun An ),( Danbi Lee ),( Kang Mo Kim ),( Young-suk Lim ),( Han Chu Lee ),( Young-h 대한간학회 2016 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2016 No.1
Aims: It has been found that methionine adenosyltransferase 1A (MAT1A) gene, encoding isoenzymes MAT I/III, is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and reduced MAT1A expression correlates with worse HCC prognosis. The X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) inhibits apoptosis in HCC cells through enhancing the expression of MAT2A gene, encoding MAT II. MA1A/MAT2A switch has been severally demonstrated to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. We aimed to investigate prognostic implication of MAT I and MAT II protein expression in HBV-infected patients undergoing hepatic resection for HCC. Methods: In this study, we used a tissue microarray constructed from archival surgical specimens of 166 patients with HBV-related HCC who underwent curative hepatectomy at Asan Medical Center. The tumor tissue microarray was immunohistochemically stained with primary antibodies against MAT I and MAT II. We examined pre- and post-surgical clinical factors related to MAT 1 and MAT II, using logistic regression analysis, and predictive effect of the two proteins on post-surgical recurrence and survival, using Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of the 166 patients, 74.1% were male with a mean age of 52.8 ± 8.7 years, 94% were Child-Pugh class A disease, and 55.4% had liver cirrhosis. In terms of histological factors, most patients had solitary tumor (93.4%) and tumors of 5cm or less (74.7%). Microvascular invasion and Edmondson grade III/IV tumors were observed in 30.7% and 66.9%, respectively of the patients. During a median follow-up of 39 months (range 5-81 months), 12 deaths and 63 recurrences had been found, where 52 recurrences occurred early within 2 years after resection. MAT I and MAT II were positively expressed in 83.7% and 87.3%, respectively of the 166 tumor tissues. MAT I expression was independently associated with male and tumors of 5 cm or less (adjusted P<0.05 for both). Expression of MAT II had a significant relationship with only serum AFP >200 ng/mL (adjusted P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that MAT II expression was significantly correlated with shorter times to overall and early recurrences (hazard ratios 9.97 and 8.26, respectively; adjusted P<0.05 for both), as was not positive MAT I (hazard ratio 1.13; P=0.730). Immunopositivity for two proteins did not influence overall survival (P>0.05 for both). MAT I : MAT II activity ratio below 1.0 was observed in 12.7% of the patients, and not significantly associated with post-surgical recurrence and survival outcomes. Conclusions: Immunohistological expression of MAT II in tumor may be helpful in predicting and monitoring tumor recurrence, especially in the early phase after hepatic resection, in patients with HBV-related HCC.