증폭(蒸曝)에 의한 지황(地黃)의 성분 변화에 대한 고찰

정재우 ( Jae Woo Jung ),김한영 ( Han Young Kim ),류지효 ( Ji Hyo Lyu ),김정훈 ( Jung-hoon Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

Objectives : ‘Steaming and drying’ is a traditional processing method that has been used to produce Suk-ji-hwang (熟地黃; Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) from Ji-hwang (地黃, the fresh root of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel; Rehmanniae Radix). The steaming and drying process, which is proceeded in heating and moisturizing conditions, plays a crucial role in the change of therapeutic effect of Ji-hwang, presumably due to the modification of its chemical constituents. In this article, the chemical influence of the ‘Steaming and drying’ process was investigated for understanding the underlying mechanism of chemical modification of Ji-hwang. Methods : The articles regarding the modifications of chemical constituents of Ji-hwang during the ‘Steaming and drying’ process were collected and analyzed to investigate the influence of the processing to Ji-hwang. Results : The results indicated that iridoid glycosides were degraded to their aglycones and sugars, and such degradations occurred faster at a high pressure than at an atmospheric pressure during the process. The contents of catalpol, ajugol, and acteoside were decreased, while those of rehmannioside A and D were slightly increased during the repeated processing. The contents of oligosaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose (except for manninotriose), were decreased, while those of monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, were increased by the repeated processing. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the ‘Steaming and drying’ process influenced the chemical constituents of Ji-hwang and provide probable basis for the therapeutic modification of Suk-ji-hwang after the processing of Ji-hwang.

Prototype Development of Nursing Simulation Contents Using Virtual Reality Technology

Ji-Young Yeo,Jong-Il Park,Soo-Yeon Han 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim(s): This study was aimed to develop a prototype for nursing simulation contents based on Virtual reality (VR) technology. Method(s): This methodological study was conducted through literature review on previous studies, composition of prototype development participants (nursing expert, technical expert, and 3D modeler), expert advice, examination of content validity, prototype design and development. The research period was from October 2020 to April 2021. The final prototype was implemented based on Unreal Engine 4. Result(s): The overall operation stage of simulation was designed into four stages: orientation, pre-practice, simulation practice, and follow-up activities. The prototype contents were designed according to the Han’s principles of virtual reality simulation design and guideline (2019): 1) principle of matching authentic problems in reality, 2) principle of judgement that is suitable for VR technology, 3) principle of similarity to real environment, 4) principle of structural planning, 5) principle of implementing the professional approach, 6) principle of conceptualizing deployment of simulation activity, 7) principle of simple to complex process, 8) principle of virtual recognition, 9) principle of the same operation and selection as reality, 10) principle of providing information, 11) principle of promoting critical thinking, 12) principle of reflection on the whole simulation. By referring to Jeffries’s simulation design, six scenarios of hospitalized children with pneumonia were constructed and content validity was evaluated (CVI=0.99). Conclusion(s): To maximize the effect of virtual reality-based simulation in nursing education, VR contents should be developed through virtual reality-based simulation design that incorporates the characteristics of VR education and learning components of traditional simulation, rather than simply using VR devices as a training method for existing simulation scenarios. Follow-up study should be conducted to analyze the learner"s reaction and confirm the dynamics of the virtual reality contents in real setting.

영골(靈骨).강압혈(降壓穴) 자극(刺鍼)이 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影向)

임영남,심성용,한지완,고호연,박종형,한양희,전찬용,김동우,Yim, Young-Nam,Sim, Sung-Yong,Han, Ji-Wan,Ko, Ho-Yeon,Park, Chong-Hyeong,Han, Yang-Hee,Chun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Dong-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

동거형태에 따른 젊은 남자성인의 식행동과 건강관련 행동의 차이

박영숙,장지혜,임은희,한재라 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

A survey was performed to 250 male young men who were living alone and shared living with friends in Chungnam province. Their average age was 22.6 years old, height was 171.8 cm, weight was 65.6 kg and BMI was 22.2 Comparing the prevalence of drinking, smoking and exercise, there were significantly different between living alone subjects and shared-living ones. The main value toward eating/meals was for hungry soultion. And we found many significant differences by living with or without companion. When young men living without companions, they shouved to be more in regular mealtimes, no-skipped meals, breakfast eating, adequate food amounts, eating-outs, etc. and to be less in pleasant mealtimes, various foods, snacking and especially late snacks. The good food intake pattern were highly scored in the alone-living group than the shared-living group, whereas the bad food intake pattern were also highly scoued in the alone-living group than the other. The latter might be due to the more food exposures because of companions. These findings could conclude that dietary behaviors of the young living alone were evaluated as good enough.

가감청영탕(加減淸營湯)에 효과를 보인 열성 아토피 피부염 환자 6례 증례 보고

서지혜,정창환,박선정,임소영,한수련,Seo, Ji-Hye,Jung, Chang?Hwan,Park, Seon-Jeong,Lim, So-Young,Han, Su-Ryun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2014 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Gagamchengyoung-tang($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) for atopic dermatitis patients diagnosed as the febrile tendency. Method : This case study was done on 6 atopic patients with febrile tendency who have visited Korean Medicine Clinic from 2013.08.01. to 2014.04.30.. Gagamchengyoung-tang($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) was prescribed to all 6 patients and evaluated the symptom change through photographs and questionnaire. Objective SCORAD Index(OSI) was used to evaluate the objective symptom and VAS was used to evaluate the subjective change. Results & Conclusion : The Objective SCORAD index and VAS were decreased in all patients. The average OSI reduction score was 26.3. Most symptoms of 6 patients were improved. Gagamchengyoung-tang ($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) can be effective in patients who were diagnosed as febrile tendency.

영일만에 출현하는 부유성 난과 자치어의 종조성 및 계절변화

한경호,홍지선,김영섭,전경암,김영숙,홍병규,황동식 한국어류학회 2003 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

경상북도 영일만 연안에서 2001년 2월, 5월, 8월 및 11월에 계절별로 채집된 부유성 난과 자치어의 종조성 및 계절변화를 연구하였다. 채집된 부유성 난은 총 9개 분류군으로, 멸치가 출현량의 63.4%로 가장 우점하였고, 다음 까나리는 23.7%를 차지하였으며, 나머지는 7개 분류군이 12.9%를 차지하였다. 자치어는 총 7목 28과 37개의 분류군이 출현하였는데, 그 중 32개 분류군은 종 수준까지, 3개 분류군은 속 수준까지, 2개 분류군은 과 수준까지 동정하였다. 2월에는 2목 7과 12종, 5월에는 3목 5과 7종, 8월에는 6목 18과 21종, 11월에는 6목 14과 16종이 출현하였다. 주요 출현종으로서는 까나리가 자치어 출현량의 22.7%를 차지하여 가장 우점하였으며, 다음은 멸치가 16.7%, 동갈양태속 어류가 14.1%를 차지하였고, 노래미와 쥐노래미가 각각 5.7%와 5.5를 차지하였다. The ichthyoplanktons in coastal waters of Yongil Bay were sampled during four different months (February, May, August and November 2001) to study their distribution. The collected fish eggs were identified as belonging to nine species. The most dominant species Engraulis japonicus accounted for 63.4% of the total fish eggs, followed by Ammodytes personatus (23.7%) and Sardinops melanostictus (9.2%). The collected larvae and juveniles were identified into 37 taxa (28 families, 7 orders). Of these, 32 were identified to species, three were identified to genus and two were identified to family level. The dominant species Ammodytes personatus accounted for 22.7% of the total larvae and juveniles, followed by Engraulis japonicus (16.7%), and Repomucenus sp. (14.1%). These three taxa constituted 53.5% of the total collected larvae and juveniles.

송화분의 단백질과 단백질 분획의 분리 및 사염화탄소를 투여한 흰쥐의 혈청에 미치는 효과

韓俊杓,呂芝英 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1996 연구논문집 Vol.52 No.2

사염화탄소로 간장해를 유발시킨 흰쥐에 있어서 생체내에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해, 송화분의 조단백질들과 단백질 fraction들을 일정기간 경구투여하고 그 결과를 관찰하였다. 1. 체중은 사염화탄소 단독투여군(Ⅱ)에 비해 모든 조단백질군과 단백질 분획군(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ)들이 유의성있게 증가하였으나 간중량비(RLS)에는 별차이가 없었고, 식이 섭취율은 정상군(Ⅰ)이 가장 많이 섭취하였다. 2. GOT는 조단백질 1투여군(Ⅲ)만이 뚜렷하게 감소했을 뿐이며, GPT는 모든 조단백질 및 단백질 분획 투여군들(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ)이 유의성있게 감소했다. 3. LDH는 조단백질 및 단백질 분획 투여군(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ) 모두가 뚜렷하게 감소하였는데 이는 정상군(Ⅰ)보다도 낮았다. 4. Total cholesterol은 조단백질 및 단백질 분획 투여군(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ) 모두가 유의성있게 감소하였는데 정상군(Ⅰ)과 거의 비슷한 농도를 나타내었다. 5. Glucose 함량은 정상군(Ⅰ)을 포함한 모든 조단백질 및 단백질 분획 투여군(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ)들이 사염화탄소 단독투여군에 비해 유의성있게 감소하였으며 단백질분획 1투여군(Ⅲ)의 함량이 가장 낮았다. 6. Total protein은 정상군(Ⅰ)을 포함한 모든 조단백질 및 단백질 분획 투여군(Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ)들이 사염화탄소 단독투여군에 비해 유의성있게 증하였다. 7. SDS-PAGE를 행한 결과로는 송화분으로부터 분리한 단백질이 30,000-67,000 dalton 사이에 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 위의 결과들을 종합하여 볼때 30,000-67,000 dalton 사이에 있는 송화분의 조단백질들과 그 분획들이 사염화탄소로 인한 간장해에 효과가 있는 것으로 사료되며, 앞으로도 계속적으로 연구를 행해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다

취학 전 자녀교육에 관한 프랑스 어머니들의 생각 : 파리지역을 중심으로

한지혜,임영희 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교육과학연구소 2005 교육과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

취학 전 자녀를 둔 프랑스 어머니들의 자녀교육에 관한 생각을 이해하고자 파리 근교에 거주하고, 자녀를 유아학교에 보내고 있는 어머니 9명을 면접한 결과, 어머니들은 취학 전 조기학습의 필요성을 거의 느끼지 못하고, 자녀에게 유아학교 이외의 교육을 실시할 경우, 주로 즐기고 취미를 기를 수 있는 예?체능 활동을 한다는 것을 알게 되었다. 그 이유는 어머니들이 자녀 발달에 적합하면서도 초등학교 준비를 소홀히 여기지 않는 유아학교 교육을 신뢰하고, 자녀교육에 관한 결정을 내릴 때 자녀들의 의사를 최대한 존중하고, 상업적 광고나 주변 환경의 영향을 거의 받지 않기 때문이었다. Early learning education is a cultural phenomenon derived from social particularity in Korea. It is difficult to deny its demands for early learning education in Korean society. It is likely that French society is different from our society. The purpose of the study is to understand the realities of early learning activities in France, and to describe and analyze the French mothers opinions about children's early learning education. We interviewed 9 mothers, who live in Paris. All of their children are attending the kindergarten. We selected 15 questions which help to understand the realities of early learning activ`ities, the purposes and motivations of the children's early learning. Interviews conducted lasted approximately 30-45 minutes. We used a semi-structured interview in which interview questions was modified according to the context. The interview was recorded and transcribed for analysis. This study has found out that French mothers prefer kindergarten activities to early learning activities. It seems to important that Korean early childhood educators should make some suggestions for bridging a gap between kindergarten and elementary education in Korea.