증폭(蒸曝)에 의한 지황(地黃)의 성분 변화에 대한 고찰

정재우 ( Jae Woo Jung ),김한영 ( Han Young Kim ),류지효 ( Ji Hyo Lyu ),김정훈 ( Jung-hoon Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

Objectives : ‘Steaming and drying’ is a traditional processing method that has been used to produce Suk-ji-hwang (熟地黃; Rehmanniae Radix Preparata) from Ji-hwang (地黃, the fresh root of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz ex Steudel; Rehmanniae Radix). The steaming and drying process, which is proceeded in heating and moisturizing conditions, plays a crucial role in the change of therapeutic effect of Ji-hwang, presumably due to the modification of its chemical constituents. In this article, the chemical influence of the ‘Steaming and drying’ process was investigated for understanding the underlying mechanism of chemical modification of Ji-hwang. Methods : The articles regarding the modifications of chemical constituents of Ji-hwang during the ‘Steaming and drying’ process were collected and analyzed to investigate the influence of the processing to Ji-hwang. Results : The results indicated that iridoid glycosides were degraded to their aglycones and sugars, and such degradations occurred faster at a high pressure than at an atmospheric pressure during the process. The contents of catalpol, ajugol, and acteoside were decreased, while those of rehmannioside A and D were slightly increased during the repeated processing. The contents of oligosaccharides, namely sucrose, maltose, raffinose, and stachyose (except for manninotriose), were decreased, while those of monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, were increased by the repeated processing. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the ‘Steaming and drying’ process influenced the chemical constituents of Ji-hwang and provide probable basis for the therapeutic modification of Suk-ji-hwang after the processing of Ji-hwang.

영골(靈骨).강압혈(降壓穴) 자극(刺鍼)이 혈압(血壓)에 미치는 영향(影向)

임영남,심성용,한지완,고호연,박종형,한양희,전찬용,김동우,Yim, Young-Nam,Sim, Sung-Yong,Han, Ji-Wan,Ko, Ho-Yeon,Park, Chong-Hyeong,Han, Yang-Hee,Chun, Chan-Yong,Kim, Dong-Woo 대한한방내과학회 2004 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of the non-pharmacological anti-hypertension method, acupuncture, for hypertensive patients. Methods : 26 patients diagnosed with hypertension were each treated by one of three methods: an anti-hypertension drug(adalat soft capsule), venepuncture, and acupuncture. In cases of rising blood pressure, patients were treated by their one of the three methods, and blood pressure was measured at regular intervals. Result : As for the group of acupuncture treated patients on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(jiang-ya-xue), readings dropped 18.0mmHg in systolic blood pressure and 6.50mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. This was a greater effect than that seen in the venepuncture treated patients. Blood pressure checked one hour after acupuncture treatment showed a greater difference than blood pressure checked after thirty minutes. Conclusion : Safe reductions in blood pressure were observed through the non-pharmacological method of acupuncture on Young-gol(ling-gu) and Gang-ap-hyul(Jiang-ya-xue).

Prototype Development of Nursing Simulation Contents Using Virtual Reality Technology

Ji-Young Yeo,Jong-Il Park,Soo-Yeon Han 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

Aim(s): This study was aimed to develop a prototype for nursing simulation contents based on Virtual reality (VR) technology. Method(s): This methodological study was conducted through literature review on previous studies, composition of prototype development participants (nursing expert, technical expert, and 3D modeler), expert advice, examination of content validity, prototype design and development. The research period was from October 2020 to April 2021. The final prototype was implemented based on Unreal Engine 4. Result(s): The overall operation stage of simulation was designed into four stages: orientation, pre-practice, simulation practice, and follow-up activities. The prototype contents were designed according to the Han’s principles of virtual reality simulation design and guideline (2019): 1) principle of matching authentic problems in reality, 2) principle of judgement that is suitable for VR technology, 3) principle of similarity to real environment, 4) principle of structural planning, 5) principle of implementing the professional approach, 6) principle of conceptualizing deployment of simulation activity, 7) principle of simple to complex process, 8) principle of virtual recognition, 9) principle of the same operation and selection as reality, 10) principle of providing information, 11) principle of promoting critical thinking, 12) principle of reflection on the whole simulation. By referring to Jeffries’s simulation design, six scenarios of hospitalized children with pneumonia were constructed and content validity was evaluated (CVI=0.99). Conclusion(s): To maximize the effect of virtual reality-based simulation in nursing education, VR contents should be developed through virtual reality-based simulation design that incorporates the characteristics of VR education and learning components of traditional simulation, rather than simply using VR devices as a training method for existing simulation scenarios. Follow-up study should be conducted to analyze the learner"s reaction and confirm the dynamics of the virtual reality contents in real setting.

동거형태에 따른 젊은 남자성인의 식행동과 건강관련 행동의 차이

박영숙,장지혜,임은희,한재라 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.7 No.2

A survey was performed to 250 male young men who were living alone and shared living with friends in Chungnam province. Their average age was 22.6 years old, height was 171.8 cm, weight was 65.6 kg and BMI was 22.2 Comparing the prevalence of drinking, smoking and exercise, there were significantly different between living alone subjects and shared-living ones. The main value toward eating/meals was for hungry soultion. And we found many significant differences by living with or without companion. When young men living without companions, they shouved to be more in regular mealtimes, no-skipped meals, breakfast eating, adequate food amounts, eating-outs, etc. and to be less in pleasant mealtimes, various foods, snacking and especially late snacks. The good food intake pattern were highly scored in the alone-living group than the shared-living group, whereas the bad food intake pattern were also highly scoued in the alone-living group than the other. The latter might be due to the more food exposures because of companions. These findings could conclude that dietary behaviors of the young living alone were evaluated as good enough.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

가감청영탕(加減淸營湯)에 효과를 보인 열성 아토피 피부염 환자 6례 증례 보고

서지혜,정창환,박선정,임소영,한수련,Seo, Ji-Hye,Jung, Chang?Hwan,Park, Seon-Jeong,Lim, So-Young,Han, Su-Ryun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2014 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Gagamchengyoung-tang($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) for atopic dermatitis patients diagnosed as the febrile tendency. Method : This case study was done on 6 atopic patients with febrile tendency who have visited Korean Medicine Clinic from 2013.08.01. to 2014.04.30.. Gagamchengyoung-tang($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) was prescribed to all 6 patients and evaluated the symptom change through photographs and questionnaire. Objective SCORAD Index(OSI) was used to evaluate the objective symptom and VAS was used to evaluate the subjective change. Results & Conclusion : The Objective SCORAD index and VAS were decreased in all patients. The average OSI reduction score was 26.3. Most symptoms of 6 patients were improved. Gagamchengyoung-tang ($Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nq\bar{i}ngy\acute{i}ng-t\bar{a}ng$) can be effective in patients who were diagnosed as febrile tendency.

영일만에 출현하는 부유성 난과 자치어의 종조성 및 계절변화

한경호,홍지선,김영섭,전경암,김영숙,홍병규,황동식 한국어류학회 2003 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

경상북도 영일만 연안에서 2001년 2월, 5월, 8월 및 11월에 계절별로 채집된 부유성 난과 자치어의 종조성 및 계절변화를 연구하였다. 채집된 부유성 난은 총 9개 분류군으로, 멸치가 출현량의 63.4%로 가장 우점하였고, 다음 까나리는 23.7%를 차지하였으며, 나머지는 7개 분류군이 12.9%를 차지하였다. 자치어는 총 7목 28과 37개의 분류군이 출현하였는데, 그 중 32개 분류군은 종 수준까지, 3개 분류군은 속 수준까지, 2개 분류군은 과 수준까지 동정하였다. 2월에는 2목 7과 12종, 5월에는 3목 5과 7종, 8월에는 6목 18과 21종, 11월에는 6목 14과 16종이 출현하였다. 주요 출현종으로서는 까나리가 자치어 출현량의 22.7%를 차지하여 가장 우점하였으며, 다음은 멸치가 16.7%, 동갈양태속 어류가 14.1%를 차지하였고, 노래미와 쥐노래미가 각각 5.7%와 5.5를 차지하였다. The ichthyoplanktons in coastal waters of Yongil Bay were sampled during four different months (February, May, August and November 2001) to study their distribution. The collected fish eggs were identified as belonging to nine species. The most dominant species Engraulis japonicus accounted for 63.4% of the total fish eggs, followed by Ammodytes personatus (23.7%) and Sardinops melanostictus (9.2%). The collected larvae and juveniles were identified into 37 taxa (28 families, 7 orders). Of these, 32 were identified to species, three were identified to genus and two were identified to family level. The dominant species Ammodytes personatus accounted for 22.7% of the total larvae and juveniles, followed by Engraulis japonicus (16.7%), and Repomucenus sp. (14.1%). These three taxa constituted 53.5% of the total collected larvae and juveniles.

열대 지역에서 통일형 초다수성 벼 품종의 생육 및 수량성 비교

이지윤,준현,성환,손영보,송유천,한상익,박동수,권영업,이철원,이종희 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

전자제품 조립업체 근로자에게 직무 요구, 직무 조직, 경력 개발, 역할 압력, 경제력 압력등의 직무 스트레스가 업무관련 상지 근골격계 질환에 미치는 영향

한상환,조수현,김지영,성낙정 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.3

목적: 직무스트레스를 직무 요구, 직무 조직, 경력개발, 역할 압력, 경제적 압력 등 요인별로 구분한 후 업무관련 상지 근골격제 질환과의연관성이 높은 직무 스트레스 요인을 도출하기 위한 목적으로 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법: 이동전화기 부품 조립 업체 여성 근로자 112명, 전수, 냉장고 조립 업체 3개 부서 남성 근로자 237명 전수, 그리고 사무직 근로자 87명 전수 등 총 436명을 대상으로 업무관련 상지 근골격계 증상과 직무 스트레스에 관한 설문 조사를 실시하였다, 물리적 작업 요인은 작업 과정을 인간공학적 평가서로 평가하였다. 근골격계 증상과 직무 스트레스 평가서에 제대로 응답하지 않은 53명을 제외한 총 382명을 최종 분석대상으로 하여, 직무스트레스 요인에 대한 요인분석을 실시하고 적합성이 높은 요인별로 직무스트레스 요인을 구분한 후 로짓 희귀 분석으로 상지 근골격계 질환과의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결과: 각 연구 대상군에서 목과 어깨 부위의 증상 호소율이 가장 높았으며, 손목과 손가락 부위, 팔꿈치 부위 순이었다. 목과 어깨 부위와 손목과 손가락 ㅂ위에서 부적절한 작업 자세와 힘 요인의 연관성이 관찰되었으며, 직무의 단순성, 직무 구분의 모호성, 직무의 자율성 부재, 경제적 압력, 승진 장애, 퇴직 압력 등의 직무 스트레스 요인이 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 여서 조립 작업자에서 증상 호소율이 더 높았으며, 근골격계 질환과 직무 스트레스의 연관성의 강도는 남성 조립 작업자보다 여성 조립작업자와 사무직 근로자에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구 결과 물리적 작업 요인에 의한 영향을 보정한 후에도 사무직 근오자와 생산직 근로자 모두에서 직무 스트레스가 업무관련 상지 근골격계 질환에 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석할 수 있었으며, 특히 경제적 요인과 경력 개발 요인 들의 중요성이 부각되었다. 따라서 향후 직무 스트레스와 업무관련 상지 근골격계 질환에 대한 다양한 직종에서의 경험적 연구결과가 축적외어 우리 나라의 조직문화적 특성을 고려한 직무 스트레스 위험 요인 파악이 필요하다고 하겠다. Objects: To evaluate the association od upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders with job demand-control and effort-reward related job stress. Methods: Questionnaires concerning symptoms, psychosocial factors and work conditions were completed by 436 workers from a refrigerator assembly line, mobile phone assembly line, and an office, musculoskeletal conditions of the upper extremities were defined by the frequency, duration, and intensity of symptoms. A walk-through survey was performed to evaluate various physical work factors. Data were analyzed with the use of logistic regression. Results: A total of 32 workers completed the survey, for whom neck and shoulder symptoms were the most frequently reported, followed by finger and wrist, and then elbow symptoms. Both awkward working posture and forceful exertion were associated with an imcrease in shoulder/neck and finger/wrist symptoms. In addition, job stress factors such as monotony, low job clarity, low job control, low promotion prospect, economic issues, and retirement pressures were associated with increased neck/shoulder, elbow, and finger/wrist conditions. Women were more likely to report symptoms, and the association between musculoskeletal conditions and job stress factors was stronger in female assembly line workers and office workers than in male assembly line workers. Conclusions: The results suggest that musculoskeletal conditions of the upper extremities are associated with not only physical work factors but also job stress factors. In particular, economin issues and career development factors are important influences on workers in Korea.

성장기 아동의 single tooth scissors bite의 교정 치료: 증례 보고

김지인,현홍근,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,한세현,김종철 大韓小兒齒科學會 2011 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.38 No.4

A scissors bite in the posterior teeth occurs when the upper teeth are positioned totally buccal to the lower teeth in centric occlusion, either unilaterally or bilaterally. This malocclusion can result from either excessive width of the maxilla or deficient width of the mandible, or sometimes combination of the both. Scissors bite, when left untreated without a proper dental intervention, interferes with the normal mandibular growth leading to a state where consequent disharmony in dental arch width evokes occlusal disturbances. Therefore, early preventive orthodontic treatment is necessary in patients with scissors bite. Scissors bite rarely involves anterior and posterior sites concuttently across the dental arch but usually affect single tooth. Even in the single tooth scissors bite cases, more likely to be met in the clinical fields, immediate dental intervention is indicated because continuous occlusal forces that exacerbate the already adverse axis of the posterior teeth. In this case study, patients with single tooth scissors bite, each 7, 14, 12, and 16 years old, were each treated with criss-cross elastic, fixed appliance, removable appliance, and miniscrews. With the proper selection of appliances appropriate to each specific cases, good treatment outcome can be achieved without resulting any side effects. 중심교합위의 상태에서 편측 혹은 양측으로 상악 구치부의 치아가 하악 구치부의 협측으로 위치한 경우를 scissors bite라 고 한다. 이는 상악의 폭경이 크거나 하악의 폭경이 좁은 경우 발생한다. Scissors bite의 경우 방치하게 되면 하악의 성장이 방해받게 되고 그 결과, 악궁 폭경의 부조화가 심해져 저작 장애를 일으킬 수 있으므로 조기 차단 교정이 반드시 필요하다. 실제 임상에서는 여러 치아의 scissors bite보다 최후방 구치 혹은 그 외 하나의 구치만의 single tooth scissors bite(STSB)을 보이는 경우가 많다. 이러한 STSB의 경우도 방치하게 되면 저작력으로 인하여 구치의 각도가 더욱 악화되므로 즉각적인 치료가 필요하다. 본 증례에서는 STSB를 보이는 7세, 14세, 12세, 16세의 환자에게 각각 criss-cross elastic, 고정성 장치, 가철성 장치, miniscrew를 사용하여 치료한 증례를 보고하였다. 각 환자의 증례에 적합한 장치를 잘 선택하여 사용한다면 치아를 정출시키는 등의 부작용을 야기하지 않고 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이다