곡류가루 첨가가 소시지의 품질 및 저장성에 미치는 영향

장선문,임지숙,조은자 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.3

To investigate the effect of cereal powders on the quality and storage characteristics of sausage, Aw, pH, microbial count, TBA value, VBN value, textual and sensory characteristics were examined. Water activity tended to decrease as storage time prolonged and all the samples showed higher Aw's than that of the control. During the storage period, pH values of all the samples decreased. L, a and b values had a tendency to decrease during the storage period. During the four weeks storage at 4℃, TBA and VBN values of all the sample showed increasing tendency and were lower than those of the control. Total plate counts of bacteria, the number of lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria counts increased as the storage time prolonged. Texture characteristics of all samples increased up to 1 week storage and decreased subsequently. The sensory scores of all the samples decreased as the storage time prolonged.

석면함유 슬레이트 지붕 물받이 퇴적물 중 석면 섬유 함유율

임지현,한솔민,김현석,신유민,박시은,허정윤,김민영,장봉기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

This study attempted to determine the degree of asbestos release from the aging slate roof by comparing the asbestos content in the slate roof rain gutter with a colored steel plate (tin plate) over the slate roof. Four slate roof houses located in Haengmok-ri, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, and one house constructed with a colored steel plate on the slate roof were selected to collect the sediment of the roof rain gutter. The asbestos fiber content was calculated by a point counting method using a polarization microscope after pretreatment with conversion treatment and hydrochloric acid treatment. The average asbestos content of the four slate roof rain gutter were 1.89%. However, asbestos was not detected in the Slate covering roof rain gutter, which were constructed on the slate roof. Asbestos fiber content was the highest at 2.89% in the slate roof rain gutter installed in 1976, followed by 2.44% in 1953. From the above results, it is necessary to minimize secondary damage as asbestos fibers released from slate roof houses to the surrounding atmosphere or leaked from slate roofs as rainwater may cause soil pollution and seriously affect residents' health. Although covering with colored steel plates (tin plates) has been shown to prevent the leakage of asbestos fibers to some extent, it is believed that a policy alternative to remove the slate roof as soon as possible is needed to solve the fundamental problem.

흰쥐 생체시료 중 5-플루오로우라실 및 테가푸르의 안정성

장지현,박종국,강진형,정석재,심창구,구효정 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.3

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite anticancer agent active against many types of solid tumors. Tegafur (TF), a prodrug of 5-FU, is frequently used in combination with uracil as dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) inhibitory fluoropyrimidine. We studied the stability of 5-FU and TF in biological fluids of rats and determined their bioavailability (BA) and excretion into bile, and urine. The drug concentrations were analyzed by an HPLC method. At room temperature, there was a 14-30% decrease in the concentration of 5-FU and TF in bile, urine, and plasma specimen at 10 and 100 μg/ml over 240 min. No significant difference was noted among the sample types or between two different concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/ml. The decrease in drug concentration was significantly less in samples kept on ice (6-12%) for both drugs. These data indicate that biological fluid samples containing 5-FU or TF in plasma, urine, or bile should be placed on ice during the sample collection. Following these storage guidelines, samples were collected after administration 50 ㎎/㎏ of each drug via i.v. or oral route. BA was 1.5 folds greater for TF (60%) than that of 5-FU (42%). Approximately 0.52 and 3.3% of the i.v. doses of 5-FU and TF was excreted into bile, respectively. Renal clearance of 5-FU was about 16% of its total body clearance. These results suggest that instability of 5-FU and TF in biological fluids should be considered in pharmacokinetic or pharmacogenomic studies.

Echinostoma hortense를 실험 감염시킨 흰쥐 장상피에서 림프구 (IEL) 증감에 관한 연구

류장근,노병의,이지숙,양용석 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1999 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.5 No.1

저자들은 호르텐스극구흡충을 실험적으로 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley)에 감염시켰을 때 장상피내 램프구 (intraepithelial lymphocytes: IEL)의 증감여부를 관찰하였다. 즉, 피낭유충을 경구 감염시킨 다음 1주일부터 8주일까지 격주별로 소장점막에서 IEL의 수치, 융모/선와의 비 (villus/crypt ratio)등을 현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 감염 흰쥐는 격주별로 희생시켰으며 소장의 십이장과 공장부위의 조직을 획득하여 조직절편을 제작하였고, Hematoxylin-eosin 및 Giemsa 염색을 실시한 후 IEL 수, 위치의 변동을 현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 융모 위축과 선와 증식, V/C ratio의 감소를 특징으로 하는 장병변은 감염 1주일 경과한 소장에서 가장 심하였으며 이 병변은 8주일까지 계속되고 있었다. IEL은 감염 1주일에 급속하게 감소하였다가 서서히 증가하다가 8주일 때에는 다소 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 대조군에서 IEL은 대부분 장상피층의 기저부에 위치하였으나, 감염 초기에는 많은 IEL이 장상피세포의 핵주변부와 상층부에 분포하는 것이 특이하였다. 이와 같이 호르텐스극구흡충 감염시 나타나는 IEL 수 및 위치의 변동은 장병변의 진행과정과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. The relationship between the intestinal histopathology and number and position of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was observed chronologically in the small intestine of rats experimentally infected with Echinostoma hortense. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally infected with 200 metacercariae obtained from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The rats each were sacrificed on the week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 post-infection (PI) and samples of the intestine in the part of duodenum and jejunum were taken. The samples were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa. The intestinal histopathology was the severest after the week 1 PI and characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and decrease of villus/crypt(v/c) ratio, which continued until the week 8 PI. The number of IEL dramatically decreased during the week 1 PI, but increased gradually thereafter with a slight decrease on the week 8 PI. In control rats, the great majority of the IEL were located at the basal region of the epithelium. During the early stage of infection, however, we found a considerable proportion of IEL to moved to the intermediate or apical regions of the epithelium. From the above results, it is sugested that the change of IEL number and position during the course of E. hortense infection should be closely related to the progression and recovery of the intestinal histopathology.

서울 시내 4년제 남자 대학생의 우울과 흡연량, 흡연기간, 니코틴 의존도와의 관계

박지영,박소영,이미숙,백수진,신의경,예혜련,오승진,장윤정,조혜진,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

Background: With reports on the relation between smoking and depression appearing since 1980, it has become clear that depression is one of the psychodynamics of smoking, though there has been little or no progress made in the study of whether or not there is indeed a relation between depression and nicotine dependence. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of depression on the amount and period of smoking and nicotine dependence among university man student smokers. Method: In periodical examination between 14 and 21, May, 2003, using 170 university male. The CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) Scale and the FTQ(Fagerstrom Tolerance Qustionnaire) were utilized to measure the level of depression and nicotine dependency. The amount of smoking was calculated based on the number of cigarette used. Result: Results indicated that depression had something to do with amount of smoking. Nicotine dependence also was related to depression but total value was relatively low. finally the period of smoking had nothing to do with depression. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the amount of smoking of university man student smokers was very high. Both the amount of smoking and nicotine dependence were affected by levels of depression. Accordingly psychiatric nursing access such as emotional support is needed to manage depression and decrease smoking.

역행성 심정지 도관 삽입을 위한 술 중 경식도심초음파의 유용성

유미숙;최원주;김정원;박장수;김경태;김지연;어상일 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Background: Retrograde cardioplegia catheter (RCC) insertion is one of methods for administration of cardioplegics during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However its success rate depends on only surgeon's experience. We thought the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) can guide the R CC insertion, because TEE is commonly used for monitoring status of heart during cardiac surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the RC C insertion time by TEE guidance versus conventional method without T EE guidance. Methods: Sixty patients who were scheduled to undergo elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery under general anesthesia were divided into groups as follows: group T [RCC insertion into coronary sinus (CS) by TEE guidance, n=30] and group C [RCC insertion into CS by conventional method, n=30]. We recorded the time of insertion of RCC in to CS in two groups. RCC insertion was done by TEE guidance in case that time was over two minutes by conventional methods in group C. Results: The overall time of RCC insertion into CS was 63.8 ± 23.6 seconds in the Group T and 102.3 ±55.7 seconds in the Group C, respectively (p=0.001). There were no complications during RCC into CS by T EE guidance. Conclusions: TEE guidance for RCC insertion into CS is shorten the time of insertion.

라미부딘 내성 만성 B형 간염 환자에서의 아데포비어의 치료 효과

이지숙,장리라,이상욱,한병훈,윤병철 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.2

Backgrounds/Aims : Adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) has been shown to be effective against lamivudine resistant strain of hepatitis B virus. But continuation of lamivudine therapy or switching to Adefovir dipivoxil in patients with viral breakthrough after long term lamivudine therapy are controversial. To find efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil, we retrospectively assessed clinical course after lamivudine resistance in patients who changed adefovir dipivoxil and continued lamivudine therapy. Methods : 58 patients with lamivudine resistant HBV mutants after at least 6 months of lamivudine treatment were included in this study. 24 of the 58 patients were treated with ADV and rest of them were continued the lamivudine therapy after lamivudine resistance. The continuous lamivudine treatment group (n=34) was divided into two groups according to ALT count (ALT≧40, n=19 vs ALT<40, n=16) The clinical course and the biochemical and virological response of the switching adefovir group were compared with those of continuing lamivudine group. HBV genotypes and YMDD mutation site was anaylzed by TRUGENE HBV Genotyping. Results : At twelve months, the levels of median serum HBV DNA and ALT was decreased and albumin was improved significantly(P<0.01) in adefovir switching group compared with lamivudine sustained group, especially ALT was elevated more than 40. There is no significant differences between adefovir switching group and lamivudine sustained group (ALT<40, n=15). This study showed that adefovir dipivoxil reduces HBV replication and improves not only biochemical markers of disease activity, but also liver function. HBV genotypes of 58 patients were all C and rtM204I/V mutant was the most common. Conclusion : This study provides an evidence that adefovir dipivoxil can be effective in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant HBV mutants, especially ALT elevated.

현대 광고에 나타난 키치(Kitch) 표현 연구 : 국내 잡지 광고를 중심으로

장지인,장순석 동덕여자대학교 디자인연구소 2006 디자인포럼21 Vol.9 No.-

현대 산업사회에서는 대중소비문화가 커다란 계층을 형성하고 있으며,사회구조가 다원화됨에 따라 소비자들의 의식구조 또한 개성을 중심으로 자기만족을 지향하는 사고로 전환되고 있다. 오늘날 우리는 일상의 삶에서 키치와 끊임없이 관계를 맺고 있으며,키치로부터 자유로울 수 없다. 특히,현대에는 저급한 내용의 키치가 고급 대중문화 매체인 광고와 만나면서 다양한 소비자들의 욕구를 창조하게 되었고, 광고의 영향력 또한 그 속에 포함된 키치적 특성에 의해 소비자의 생활패턴을 지배하기에 이르렀다. 최근 광고의 표현에서는 설명보다는 기호와 이미지를 중시하고 언뜻 보아서는 무슨 내용인지 감이 안 잡히는 광고가 유행하고 있는데,이러한 광고들이 감각적이고 가벼운 것을 좋아하며,무거운 것을 거부하는 신세대들의 취향을 절묘하게 만족시키고 있는 것이다. 광고가 문화를 반영함에 따라 소비자들은 더욱 개성과 다양성을 추구하며,기호가 더욱 세분화되고 무언가 다른 것을 원하는 문화의 비주류현상으로 인하여 오늘날에는 이러한 키치광고가 주를 이루는 현실에 이르렀다. In recent decade, consumer behavior based on the various social structures is being transferred to the new era with self-satisfaction and strengthened individuality of consumers, so that public consumption is an unavoidable factor in modern industrial society. In this respect, it is apparent to say that we would not merely be able to explain our ordinary life without 'kitsch', In particular, kitsch is often able to be combined with advertising media, the upper cultural vehicle, in the latest years that can create various types of consumer demands and desires. In the meantime, the advertising in accordance with kitsch elements is heavilyinfluential to the life pattern and behaviors of consumers. In consideration of latest trends of advertising, symbol and image are distinctively popular which seems to be somewhat ambiguous to the consumers rather than just explanation. It is due to thefact that this trend of advertising might be able to meet the requirement of consumers consisted of young generation who prefer light and sensible advertising expression to serious and traditional advertising. As culture is reflected in the advertising, consumers conduct further the pursuit of individuality and diversity in conjunction with diversityof symbol in depth and the demand of uniqueness.For these above-mentioned reasons, kitsch can be regarded as a main concept of advertising g trend at present.

Web에서 표현되는 아바타 디자인에 대한 시각적 표현 연구 : 사이버 커뮤니티 사이트를 중심으로

손지혜,장순석 동덕여자대학교 디자인연구소 2004 디자인포럼21 Vol.7 No.-

인터넷의 활성화와 멀티미디어의 발전은 새로운 커뮤니케이션 환경에서 가상공간이라는 다양한 분야를 생성시켰다. 인터넷 커뮤니케이션에서 익명성을 가지며 타인과의 상호작용을 형성해 주며, 이러한 가상공간의 활용으로 현대사회에서 이미 보편화된 하나의 문화로 인정 되고 있다. 가상문화에서 새로운 한계를 넘어 우리의 욕구를 충족시켜 줄 문화가 생겼는데 그것이 아바타이다. 과거에는 문자로써 나를 알리던 것이 이제는 아바타라는 그래픽으로써 표현되어지면서 네티즌들의 욕구표현이 증가 하고 아바타의 표현은 많은 발전을 가져왔다. 아바타를 이용하는 사용자들은 자신의 감정변화와 자신의 외모를 타인에게 알림으로써 나의 정체성을 확립시켜주고 자신의 존재를 가상세계의 표현수단으로 이용한다. 이제는 커뮤니티 아바타가 객관적인 자기표현에서 벗어나 내면적인 자아의 표현 특성을 시각화하는 아바타로 표현된다. 현대의 멀티미디어 사회에서 많은 대상들이 시각적 표현이 자극적으로 보이도록 유도되는 것이 인터넷 사회의 자연스러운 일이다. 단순하면서도 통일성을 가지며 시각적인 자극을 통해 아바타의 특성을 통하여 시각적인 표현을 한다. 본 논문은 아바타의 일반적인 정의를 기본으로 문화적인 의의 및 특징과 아바타와 캐릭터의 비교분석과 연계성을 알아보고 제 III장에서 아바타 디자인의 요소를 분석하고 아바타의 사례분석을 토대로 기존의 아바타의 시각적 표현의 문제점을 알아보고 아바타 디자인의 시각적 표현 개선방안과 아바타 디자인의 미래방향을 모색한다. Activation of the Internet and expansion of multi-media created various territory of cyber-space in new communication environment. Is having anonymousness in Internet communication and form interaction with another person, and is recognized to one culture that is already generalized on modern society by practical use of these cybe-rspace. Culture to satisfy our appetite passing over new boundary in imagination culture formed but it is avatar. As desire representation of netizens increases as become expressed as graphic that it is avatar now to inform me as character in the past, expression of avatar brought a lot of developments. Users who use avatar own emotion change and own appearance be indurated my identity as information to another person and uses own existence by expression means of the imagination world. Now, community avatar is expressed in avatar that visualize expression special quality of self who depart in objective self-expression and is the inside enemy. It is the Internet social natural matter that many targets are derived so that visual representation is seen saltily on modern multi-media society. Express thing which have unity and is optical through optical magnetic pole through special quality of avatar as is simple. This paper general narrow way of avatar searches cultural sense and characteristic and comparative analysis of avatar and Character and link sex to basis and analyzes constituent of avatar design in my III chapter and searches problem of visual expression of existent avatar on the basis of example analysis of avatar and gropes future direction of visual expression improvement plan and avatar design of avatar.

복수과 진료 환자의 중복 처방에 대한 분석 및 평가

이지은,장혜경,오지영,유윤경,김현지,임숙인,연숙희,강진숙,최귀령 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

In an aging society, there is an increasing possibility of the duplication of the drugs given to patients because they take many kinds of drugs. Among the prescriptions given to the patients who was treated at multiple ambulatory clinics in St. Mary's hospital for one month of September, 2002, in which drugs that has identical or similar effects are prescribed, we analysed and evaluated them by patients' characteristics, kinds of medication, severity of side effects on a case by case basis. More, we assessed the potential additional costs. As a result of this study, the duplication rate turned out to be 6.69% and it was shown that the proportion of the elderly patients over 60 was high. The gastro-intestinal medications took up a large part and most of the cases showed that the danger caused by double taking of medicine was slight, but there were some examples in which the serious side effects were predicted. Expected additional costs were the average 11.349 won and it ranges from the minimum of 56 won to the maximum of 135,720 won. In conclusion, the management of drug histories of the patients who need the plural treatments is very important and the necessity of the individual and professional guidance of taking medicines for the elderly patients is emerged, too.