Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사의 예후인자

김준형,김희정,구남수,김영근,최준용,신소연,박윤선,김연아,김명수,정수진,최희경,송영구,이경원,김준명 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.2

배경 : Clostridium difficile에 의한 설사(Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea; CDAD)는 임상 경과가 다양하다. 최근에 유럽과 북미에서 C. difficile 감염의 발생률이 증가하고 고전적 치료에 잘 반응하지 않으며 이환률이 증가하였고, 이러한 원인이 새로운 균주의 탄생에 기인한다고 보고되었다. CDAD의 예후에 영향을 미치는 세균성 요인과 숙주 요인을 확인하기 위해 본 연구를 진행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 12월까지 CDAD가 진단된 20세 이상인 환자들을 대상으로 후향적 Cohort 연구를 하였다. 세균성 요인을 확인하기 위해 cdt A, cdtB, tcd A, tcd A rep 그리고 tcd B 유전자(binary toxin)를 확인하였다. 설사가 치료 시작 후 11일 이상 지속되거나, 2달 이내에 재발하거나, 수술 혹은 다른 시술이 필요한 경우, 사망한 경우 예후가 좋지 않은 것으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 총 115예에서 toxin을 생성하는 C. difficile가 동정되었으며, Toxin A와 toxin B 모두 양성인 균이 91예, toxin B만 양성인 균이 24예였다. Toxin A 생성 여부가 예후에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 제산제를 사용한 환자에서 그렇지 않은 환자에 비해 toxin B만 양성인 균이 많이 동정되었다(P<0.05). 예후가 좋지 않은 경우는 39예(33.9%)였고 76예(66.1%)에서 예후는 양호하였다. 단변량 분석에서 70세 이상의 고령, 남성, 증상 발현 후 사용한 항생제의 개수 사용, 증상 발현 후 carbapenem, aminoglycoside, glycopeptide 사용, 당뇨 및 뇌졸중 병력이 있는 경우, 그리고 높은 Charlson index가 불량한 예후 인자로 확인되었다. 그러나 독립적인 예후 인자를 조사했을 때에는70세 이상의 고령(odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009), 증상 발현후 carbapenem 사용(odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001)이 예후에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 확인되었다. 결론 : 70세 이상의 고령과 증상 발현 후 carbapenem 사용이 CDAD 독립적인 불량한 예후인자이다. Background : Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) has a wide range of clinical manifestations. The prognostic factors of CDAD are not fully understood. Materialsand Methods : A retrospective cohort study of 115 patients with CDAD from Aug. 2002 to Dec. 2003 was conducted to evaluate prognostic factors of CDAD. Bacteriologic factors were determined by detecting the binary toxin gene, tcd A, tcd A rep and tcd B gene. Poor prognosis was defined as diarrhea more than 10 days even with classic treatment, recurrence, death, and moribund discharge. Results : Approximately 79% of isolated strains were toxin A+/B+ strains and 21% were toxin A-/B+ strains. There was no difference in prognosis between toxin A+ and toxin A- strains. 39 (33.9%) cases showed poor prognosis and 76 (66.1%) cases showed good prognosis. Univariate analyses revealed that the poor prognostic factors were old age over 70 years old, male, the number of antibiotics used after onset of symptom, the administration of carbapenems, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides after onset of symptom, history of DM and stroke, and high Charlson comorbidity index. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified old age over 70 years old (odds ratio=3.378, P=0.009) and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom (odds ratio 7.210, P<0.001) as the independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusion : Old age over 70 and the administration of carbapenems after onset of symptom were the poor prognostic factors for CDAD caused by none-binary toxin producing strains.

Studies on Simultaneous Determination of Chlorophyll a and b, Pheophorbide a, and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina Products

이영자,김소희,김진숙,한정아,서해점,임효정,최수영,Lee Young Ja,Kim So Hee,Kim Jin-Sook,Han Jeong A,Seo Hae Jeom,Lim Hyo Jeong,Choi Soo Young The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2005 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.20 No.3

역상 컬럼을 이용하여 건강기능식품 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 함유되어 있는 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴의 HPLC동시분석법을 확립하였으며, 첨가농도 $50\;\mug/ml$에서 엽록소 a, b, 페오포르바이드 a 및 $\beta$-카로틴에 대한 회수율시험결과, 각각 2.8, 6.0, 10.6 및 $10.4\%$의 상대표준편차와 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 및 $90.5\%$의 회수율을 각각 나타냈다. 이때 검출한계는 $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$, 정량한계는 $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$이었으며 검량선 상관계수도 0.995 이상의 직선성을 보여주었다. 국내유통 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품에 대한 엽록소 a, b,페오포르바이드 a및 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량을 분석한 결과 엽록소 a $121.g\sim543$, 엽록소 b $0.6\sim160.0$, 페오포르바이드 a 및 P-카로틴 $383.6\sim1713.7mg/ml$ 수준으로 나타났다. 엽록소 b의 함유량은 클로렐라제품에서 평균 374.0 mg/100 g 으로 스피루리나제품의 평균 10.5 mg/100 g 보다 30배 이상 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 $\beta$-카로틴의 함유량은 스피루리나제품이 평균 1335.4 mg/100 g 로 클로렐라제품의 평균 495.0 mg/100 g 보다 평균 함유량에서 2.7배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 국내 건강기능식품공전 중 클로렐라 및 스피루리나제품의 엽록소 a b, 및 페오포르바이드 항목의 규격검사를 본 연구의 동시분석법으로 개정함으로써 각 성분 함량의 정량, 분석시간의 단축 및 비용절감 둥 시험방법을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPLC with UV detector was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$ in Chlorella and Spirulina products. For added concentration $(50\;\mug/ml)$ of chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$, recoveries of those were 70.3, 71.6, 60.1 and $90.5\%$, respectively, with relative standard deviations of 2.8,6.0, 10.6 and $10.4\%$. Limit of detection and quantification had ranges of $0.1\sim1.0\;\mug/ml$ and $0.2\sim2.0\;\mug/ml$, respectively. Calibration curve was linear with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for chlorophyll a and b, pheophorbide a and $\beta-Carotene$. Results of simultaneous determination in Chlorella and Spirulina products were showed ranges of $121.g\sim543.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll a,$0.6\sim160.0\;\mug/ml$ for chlorophyll b, $19.2\sim60.3\;\mug/ml$ for pheophorbide a and $383.6\sim1713.7\;\mug/ml$ for $\beta-Carotene$, respectively. Chlorophyll b contents in Chlorella products were detected above 30 times level to those in Spirulina products. $\beta-Carotene$ contents in Spirulina products were detected 2.7 times level to those in Chlorella products.

부산지역 유흥업소 종사여성으로부터 분리된 HPV16형의 발암유전자(E6/E7) 돌연변이 유형 분석

민상기(Sang-Kee Min),김성순(Sung Soon Kim),최병선(Byeong-Sun Choi),장대호(Dai-Ho Jang),이미옥(Mee-Ok Lee),최성화(Seung-Hwa Choi),김남호(Nam-Ho Kim),박연경(Yon-Koung Park),정영아(Yeong-A Jeong),김성준(Seong-Joon Kim),빈재훈(Jae-Hun Bi 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

HPV-16형의 염기배열 변이는 지역적, 인종적으로 특징적인 차이가 있으며 특히 HPV-16형 E6/E7 유전자의 특정 염기서열변이는 자궁경부암 및 자궁상피내 신생종양물의 발생을 일으키는 고위험 요인으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 2007년 부산지역 유흥업소 종사여성으로 분리된 HPV-16형 19건을 대상으로 E6/E7 유전자 영역(nt 34-880)을 표적으로 지역적 염기서열 변이를 조사하였다. nucleotide 수준에서 HPV16형 E6 유전자는 T178G (n=11), T178A (n=1), T350G (n=4), A442C (n=2), A104T, A111G, C116T, G145T, T183G, C335T, G522C 등 11종의 변이주가 발견되었고, E7 유전자는 A647G (n=12), A645C, A777C, G663A, T732C, T760C, A775T, T789C, T795G 등 9종의 변이주가 발견되었다. 아미노산 수준에서는 HPV-16형 E6 단백질의 경우 D25E (n=12), L83V (n=4), E113D (n=2), M1L, Q3R, P5S, Q14H, D25N, I27R, H78Y, C140S 등 11종의 변이주를, HPV16형 E7 단백질의 경우 N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S 등 3종의 변이주를 관찰할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과, 부산지역의 HPV-16형 E6/E7 우점 돌연변이주는 E6 D25E (75%), E7 N29S (78%)로 각각 나타났다. 앞으로 자궁경부암 환자 및 일반여성을 포함한 더 많은 모집단을 대상으로 HPV-16형 E6/E7의 intratypic variants를 비교 조사하여 실제 HPV-16형 E6/E7 어떤 변이주가 자궁경부암 유발 위험성과의 관련성은 더 많이 연구되어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. Recent studies have reported that the distribution of HPV-16 sequence variation differs geographically, and more specifically that HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants might carry a high risk for development of ICC (invasive cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) in a given population. To investigate the genetic diversities of HPV-16 E6/E7 oncogene by region, we collected nineteen HPV-16 isolates from sexually high-risk women in Busan, and analyzed the HPV-16 E6/E7 coding regions (nt 34 to 880) with HPV-16 E6/E7 specific PCR amplification. At the nucleotide level, eleven variants of the E6 genes and nine variants of the E7 genes were identified as follows: E6 T178G (n=11), E6 T178A (n=1), E6 T350G (n=3), E6 A442C (n=2), E6 A104T, E6 A111G, E6 C116T, E6 G145T, E6 T183G, E6 C335T, E6 G522C and E7 A647G (n=12), E7 A645C, E7 A777C, E7 G663A, E7 T732C, E7 T760C, E7 A775T, E7 T789C and E7 T795G, respectively. At the amino acid level, the isolated HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes showed eleven E6 variants: E6 D25E (n=12), E6 L83V (n=4), E6 E113D (n=2), E6 M1L, E6 Q3R, E6 P5S, E6 Q14H, E6 D25N, E6 I27R, E6 H78Y, E6 C140S and three E7 variants: N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S. HPV16 E6 L83V, the dominant variant in the Caucasian population, showed relatively low frequencies in our study population. We elucidated that the dominant HPV-16 E6/E7 variants were HPV-16 E6 D25E (63.2%) and HPV-16 E7 N29S (63.2%), which were phylogenetically included in Asian lineage. Further study is needed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer related HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants in the Korean population.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Synthesis of Novel Apio Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues as Selective A_(3) Adenosine Receptor Agonists

Hwang, Ki-Jun,Chun, Moon-Woo,Jacobson, Kenneth A.,Jeong, Lak-Shin,Lee, Jeong-A,Moon, Hyung-Ryong,Kim, Hea-Ok,Kim, Kyung-Ran,Lee, Kang-Man,Kim, Bum-Tae 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2005 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.16

On the basis of the biological activity of neplanocin A and apio-dideoxyadenosine (apio-ddA), novel apio-neplanocin A analogues 5a- d, combining the properties of two nucleosides, were stereoselectively synthesized. The apio moiety of the target nucleosides 5a-d was stereoselectively introduced by treating· lactol 10 with 37% formaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate. The carbasugar moiety of neplanocin A was successively built by exposing diene 12 on a Grubbs catalyst in methylene chloride. The final nucleosides 5a-d were synthesized from the condensation of the glycosyl donor 14 with nucleic bases under the standard Mitsunobu conditions. Similarly, apio-aristeromycin 6 and (N)-apio-methanocarbaadenosine 7 were derived from the common intermediate 13 using catalytic hydrogenation and Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation as key steps. All of the final nucleosides 5a-4, 6, and 7 did not show significant inhibitory activity against S-adenosylllolllocysteine hydrolase (SAH) up to 100 ㎛, maybe due to the absence of the secondary hydroxyl group at tile C3'-position, which should be oxidized by cofactor-bound NAD^(+). However, aplo-neplanocin A (5a) showed potent and highly selective binding affinity (K_(i), = 628 ± 69 nM) at the A_(3) adenosine receptor without any binding affinity at the A_(1) and A_(2A) adenosine receptors. In conclusion, we have first developed novel carbocyclic nucleosides with unnatural apio-carbasugarsusing stereoselective hydroxymethylation and RCM reaction and also discovered a new template of human A_(3) adenosine receptor agonist, which play a great rote in developing new A_(3) adenosine receptor agonist as well as in identifying the binding site of the receptor.

A new compound, 1H,8H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione, suppresses airway epithelial cell inflammatory responses in a murine model of asthma.

Lee, H,Han, A R,Kim, Y,Choi, S H,Ko, E,Lee, N Y,Jeong, J H,Kim, S H,Bae, H Biomedical Research Press 2009 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARM Vol.22 No.3

<P>Clinical and experimental studies have established eosinophilia as a sign of allergic disorders. Activation of eosinophils in the airways is believed to cause epithelial tissue injury, contraction of airway smooth muscle and increased bronchial responsiveness. As part of the search for new antiasthmatic agents produced by medicinal plants, the effects of 270 standardized medicinal plant extracts on cytokine-activated A549 human lung epithelial cells were evaluated. After several rounds of activity-guided screening, the new natural compound, 1H,8H-Pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1,8-dione (PPY), was isolated from Vitex rotundifolia L. To elucidate the mechanism by which the anti-asthmatic responses of PPY occurred in vitro, lung epithelial cells (A549 cell) were stimulated with TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-1beta to induce the expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. PPY treatments reduced the expression of eotaxin, IL-8, IL-16 and VCAM-1 mRNA significantly. Additionally, PPY reduced eotaxin secretion in a dose-dependent manner and significantly inhibited eosinophil migration toward A549 medium. In addition, PPY treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of p65 and ERK1/2, suggesting that it can inhibit the MAPK/NF-KB pathway. To clarify the anti-inflammatory and antiasthmatic effects of PPY in vivo, we examined the influence of PPY on the development of pulmonary eosinophilic inflammation in a murine model of asthma. To accomplish this, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and then examined for the following typical asthmatic reactions: an increase in the number of eosinophils in BALF; the presence of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-5 in the BALF; the presence of allergen-specific IgE in the serum; and a marked influx of inflammatory cells into the lung. Taken together, our results revealed that PPY exerts profound inhibitory effects on the accumulation of eosinophils into the airways while reducing the levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the BALF. Therefore, these results suggest that PPY may be useful as a new therapeutic drug for the treatment of allergic asthma.</P>

Polypharmacology of <i>N</i>⁶-(3-Iodobenzyl)adenosine-5′-<i>N</i>-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) and Related A₃ Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (PPAR) γ Partial Agonist and PPARδ Antagonist Activ

Yu, Jinha,Ahn, Seyeon,Kim, Hee Jin,Lee, Moonyoung,Ahn, Sungjin,Kim, Jungmin,Jin, Sun Hee,Lee, Eunyoung,Kim, Gyudong,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Jacobson, Kenneth A.,Jeong, Lak Shin,Noh, Minsoo American Chemical Society 2017 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.60 No.17

<P>A(3) adenosine receptor (AR) ligands including A(3) AR agonist, N-6-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (1a, IB-MEGA) were examined for adiponectin production in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). In this model, 1a significantly increased adiponectin production, which is associated with improved insulin sensitivity. However, A(3) AR antagonists also promoted adiponectin production in hBM-MSCs, indicating that the A(3) AR pathway may not be directly involved in the adiponectin promoting activity. In a target deconvolution study, their adiponectin-promoting activity was significantly correlated to their binding activity to both peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and PPAR delta. They functioned as both PPAR gamma partial agonists and PPAR delta antagonists. In the diabetic mouse model, la and its structural analogues A(3) AR antagonists significantly decreased the serum levels of glucose and triglyceride, supporting their antidiabetic potential. These findings indicate that the polypharmacophore of these compounds may provide therapeutic insight into their multipotent efficacy against various human diseases.</P>

A Study on Enterovirus Genotypes in Busan, Korea from 2017 to 2022

Nam-Ho Kim,Young-A Jung,Hyeon-Jeong Kwon,Han-Nwi You,이승주 대한미생물학회 2023 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.53 No.2

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are pathogens that cause a wide variety of clinicalillness such as a hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, skin rash, encephalitis,aseptic meningitis and even death in young children. This study was aimed toinvestigate the prevalence of HEV infection in young children in Busan, Korea andanalyze the various genotypes of enterovirus. We collected the stool, throat swaband cerebrospinal fluid samples from admitted pediatrics from 2017 to 2022. HEV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCRand RT-PCR and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining methodcompared with reference strains. A total of 1,412 samples were collected and128 cases (9.1%) were detected. Based on partial VP1 sequencing, a total 93enterovirus isolates were resolved into 4 genotypes and 18 serotypes; Humanenterovirus A, B, D (HEV-A, B, D) and Rhinovirus. HEV-A is 30 isolates included 7serotypes, HEV-B is 63 isolates included 10 serotypes, HEV-D is 1 isolates included1 serotypes and Rhinovirus is 5 isolated included 3 serotypes. Prevalent serotypewas coxsakievirus A10 in 2017, coxsakievirus B5 in 2018, Echovirus 30 in 2019. Thetemporal distribution of HEV epidemics in Busan showed a remarkable seasonalpattern, from June to September. The genotypes of circulating enteroviruseswere diverse from year to year and most of the sequences circulated in Busanshowed homology with reference sequences in neighboring countries such asChina. Monitoring and genotyping of these enteroviruses will play a role inpreventing the development of serious diseases caused by enteroviruses andgenotype analysis can be used as a basic data for epidemiological studies.

수입 및 국내 유통 식품 중의 Ochratoxin A에 관한 조사연구

이동호,강민철,이선화,정동윤,김재이,김형수,김은정,유병옥,김연주,정순아,서영선,김인복,홍무기 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

곰팡이 독소 중 현재 식품골전에 r'1 등재되어 있는 ochratoxin A의 규제기준 설정에 대한 기초자료로 활용하기 위한 방안의 일찬으로 곡류, 두류, 견과류 및 장류에 있어서 ochratoxin A의 오염정도를 조사하였다. 실헐방법으로 1차 screening은 ochratoxin test t를, 최종확인은 irnrrlunoaffihie· column을 이용한 HPLC 분석법을 사용하였파. 회수율은 수수를 제외하고 모두 80%이상을 나타내었고 최저겊출 한계치는 0.Sppb였다. 총 121건(보리 9잔, 찹쌀 7건, 백미 8건, 조 9건, 수수10건, 서리태 11건, 녹두 3건, 백태 9건, 동분 5건, 팥 7건, 강낳콩 8건, 땅콩 7건, 호두 7건, 혼합장 11건, 청국장 10건)에 대하여 조사한 결과 1차 screeRing에서 39건의 양성반응을 보였으나 HPLC로 최종 확인 결과 모든 시료에서 불검출 되었다

혈액투석 환자들의 식염인지도와 식품섭취에 관한 연구

유정아,이용욱,김종규 대한보건협회 2000 대한보건연구 Vol.26 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the perception of salt and food intake of the outpatients with hemodialysis and to evaluate the relationship between dietary survey assessment and blood biochemical data. It was based on a nutrient analysis of food intake records and blood analysis collected from 40 hemodialysis outpatients (male 24, female 16) of a hospital in Seoul from June to October 1998. Each of the subjects provided a 24-hour recall of food intake on the previous day, frequency of consumption, and attitude about diet therapy to a trained interviewer. The subjects' salt solution preference was tested by sensory evaluation and fasting blood samples from the subjects were analyzed by a biochemicalanalyzer. Among several dietary therapy methods, most preferred limiting salt intake. Among the four basic flavors: sweet, salty, sour, and bitter, and spicy hot flavor, they preferred salty and spicy hot foods. The subjects' preferred concentration of salt solution was in the order of 0.50%>0.25%>0.75%, similar to the normal population as others have reported. Food intake frequency showed that the subjects frequently eat cereals and vegetables (2∼3 times per day), and oils and candies (1 time per day). They eat meats, fishes, eggs, legumes, milk and fruits moderately (2∼3 times per week). They eat less often potatoes, bread & biscuits (1 time per week), and meat products and salt-fermented fishes & salted vegetables (2∼3 times per month) and they rarely eat nuts. The nutrient intake of the subjects was not satisfactory, especially the energy and protein intakes were much lower than the required amounts for the subjects. Also the calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin A, B_1, B_2 and niacin intakes did not meet the recommended dietary allowance of Koreans. The sodium intake was at a normal range. In the results of the blood analysis, the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of the subjects were much lower than the normal range. Total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and sodium levels were at normal range. Uric acid and potassium levels were at an acceptable range. However, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium and phosphorus levels were higher than the normal range. There was a significant correlation between the preference of salt solution and sodium intake in the subjects (p<0.05). A significant negative correlation between calcium intake and hemoglobin, between iron intake and serum potassium or creatinine, between protein intake and hemoglobin or hematocrit, and between vitamin B_2 intake and hematocrit were observed (p<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between potassium intake and blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05). It seemed that the patients did not get enough information about the therapeutic diet from registered dietitians. Because of anorexia and poor intake of nutrients, most of the patients had energy and protein malnutrition. The serum sodium level of the subjects were acceptable, therefore limitation of sodium intake level which may cause the anorexia may not be necessary. These hemodialysis patients need education, adequate diet therapy, and energy rich foods based on their individual biochemical data.