웹 기반 중학 과학 교육 연구

김재경,김정환 대구대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 基礎科學硏究 Vol.19 No.3

This study attempts to investigate the learning effect of the Web Based Instruction(WBI), which our lab developed for middle school science, through surveying attitude to WBI, and accomplishment test conducted on students after being practiced WBI lesson. Accomplishment test reveals that WBI group(73.5) scores 6 points over traditional instruction group(67.5). This result suggests that WBI is more effective on learning than traditional instruction. For the accomplishment score lower than 50 point, the number of students who belong to WBI group is much smaller than that of traditional group. But WBI group's number is twice as much as traditional group's for the score higher than 90 point. This results suggest that WBI is effective both superior and inferior group. Thus, it is desirable to apply WBI positively on school education taking another benefit into consideration, thai WBI meed the incarnation of constructivism, such as enhancement of self-initiative learning ability, sense of responsibility, and diverse personal interactions including collaboration.

하구염도모델의 해석

이재형,정만,김경수 全北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

In this study, two-dimensional estuarine model was analyzed by finite difference method. This is the coupled model, which is composed of the transport(Chu, 6) & hydrodynamic equation(Chiang, 5). The results, which were tested the appication of the model, as follows; (1) The results of the test show that the convergence of the algorithm depends upon the magnitude of the velocities ; the initial condition of salinities ; and the convergence criteria in the algorithm. (2) When the computed results are compared with the model of Chu(6), the salinities was conformed to the boundary and the central part of the basin have the large value, 1 ppt. (3) If the hydrodynamic values(E, U, V) were computed accurately, the salinitines also were suitable.

니켈 및 코발트의 세포독성 기전에서 Nitric Oxide의 역할

염정호,오경재,유영천 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.3

목적 : 이 연구는 RAW 264.7 cell의 배양조건에 니켈, 코발트 또는 iNOS의 competitive inhibitor인 NMLA를 여러 조건으로 처리하여 NO 생성의 변조유무 및 이와 관련된 ATP 생성과 세포생존율의 변조양상을 관찰하므로써 니켈 및 코발트가 염증반응을 일으키는 세포독성 과정에서의 NO 역할에 대해 알아보고자 실시하였다. 방법 : Balb/c 마우스의 복강내에 Abelson leukemia virus(A-MuLV)를 주입하여 발생시킨 대식세포주 RAW 264.7 세포의 배양조건에 니켈, 코발트 또는 iNOS의 특이억제체인 NMLA를 여러 조건으로 처리하여 NO 생성의 변조유무 및 이와 관련된 ATP 생성과 세포생존율의 변조양상을 관찰하였다. 세포생존율은 trypan-blue dye exclusion 방법을 이용하였으며 NO는 Hibbs 등(1987)의 방법에 따라 그 대사물질인 nitrite(NO2-)의 측정을 통해 간접 측정하였다. 또한, ATP는 세포막을 파괴한 후 luciferase와 ATP의 반응에 따른 발광정도를 luminometer로 측정하였다. 한편, 각 실험조건에서의 세포의 형태학적 변화는 inverted microscope(×400)를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 결과 : 기본배양조건에 cytokines과 여러 농도의 니켈 또는 코발트의 단독 및 동시첨가의 경우 두 금속 모두 50 μM, 48시간을 기점으로 NO 생성량은 첨가농도의 증가에 따라 용량의존적으로 증가하다가 그 이상의 농도 및 시간에서는 현저히 감소하였으며, 동일 조건에서의 세포생존율은 저 농도에서는 대조군과 차이가 없었으나 전반적으로 첨가한 금속의 농도증가에 따라 용량 및 시간 경과에 따라서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 두 금속 모두 세포생존율 및 NO의 생성율이 높게 유지되는 50 μM, 48시간 배양 조건에서의 결과 또한, 니켈 및 코발트 첨가는 두 금속 모두 cytokines만의 첨가시보다 NO 생성을 더욱 증가시켰으며 ATP 생성정도는 NO 생성 양상과는 반대로 니켈 및 코발트 모두 대조군보다 현저히 감소하였다. 한편 동일 조건에서의 세포생존율은 ATP 감소양상과 비슷하였으며, 이러한 결과들은 두 금속의 동시첨가시 상가(additive)작용으로 나타났다. 한편, 니켈 및 코발트를 단독 또는 동시 첨가한 경우 모두에서 나타났던 NO의 증가와 ATP 감소 및 세포생존율의 감소는 iNOS 억제제인 NMLA를 전처리로 NO 생성은 감소하고 ATP 및 세포생존율은 증가하여 모든 경우에서 대조군 수준으로 완전히 회복되었다. 또한, 이러한 경향은 RAW 264.7 세포를 여러 실험 조건으로 배양한 후 세포상태를 inverted microscope로 관찰한 결과에서도 동일한 결과를 나타내어 니켈 또는 코발트의 첨가로 나타났던 전반적인 세포의 위축과 불규칙한 외형들은 NMLA의 전처리에서는 나타나지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과에서, 니켈 및 코발트는 대식세포의 NO 생성을 증가시키며 이들 금속에 의한 ATP 생성 억제는 그 간 알려졌던 NO의 궁극적인 독성양상인 ATP 생성억제와 동일한 결과로서, 니켈 및 코발트는 대식세포를 활성화시켜 NO 생성을 증가시키고 NO는 ATP 생성을 억제하여 생존율을 감소시키는 것으로 사료된다. 한편, 니켈 및 코발트의 독성효과들은 NMLA를 전처리로 완전하게 억제되고 있어 니켈 및 코발트의 독성은 대부분 NO에 의해 매개됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 NO는 니켈 및 코발트의 염증유발 과정에서 중요한 매개역할을 수행하리라 사료된다. Objectives : The nickel and cobalt present in many industrial working environments and consumer products. They are two of the leading causes of allergic contact dermatitis, which is a typical delayed(type IV) hypersensitivity reaction. However, the mechanism by which nickel and cobalt causes this pathology is not well known. The nickel and cobalt induced contact dermatitis is mediated primarily through macrophages. This mechanism is similar to the autotoxicity procedure for NO. Therefore, this study was designed to examine whether the metals could modulate NO productihb and how the metals may affect ATP production and cell viability. In summary, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of NO in the nickel and cobalt induced cytotoxicity. Methods : This study is based on observations of cultures of RAW 264.7 cells which are originated from a tumor of Balb/c mouse that was induced by Abelson murine leukemia virus. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with either Ni, Co, Ni plus Co, or N-monomethyl-L- arginine(NMLA) for 24-72 h. The cytotoxicity of the nickel and cobalt was measured by cell viability and NO2-, and mitochondrial function was evaluated by adenosine triphosphate(ATP) production in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the morphology of cells was observed using an inverted microsope. Results : The NO2- synthesis of RAW 264.7 cells increased with increasing concentrations of Ni and Co up to 50 μM after 24 and 48 h of exposure to Ni and Co but then decreased if the concentration was greater than 50 μM and the time period was greater than 48 h. However, the viability of cells was decreased by Ni and Co exposure in a dose and time dependent manner. Therefore, 50 μM Ni or Co and 48 h of treatment were used in this study. A complete inhibition of NO2- synthesis by Ni or/and Co occurred when iNOS inhibitor, NMLA, were pretreated prior to addition of Ni or/and Co, whereas Ni or/and Co induced decrease of synthesis of ATP and viability completely recovered when NMLA were pretreated prior to addition of Ni or/and Co. Ni or/and Co(50 μM) induced the characteristic morphological features of cytotoxicity which is characterized by a shrinkage of cytoplasm and irregular shape of the cells, but the pretreatment of NMLA resulted in a recovered morphological change of the cells to their normal appearance. Conclusions : These results suggest that NO plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the cytotoxicity of nickel and cobalt, and nickel and cobalt may exert their toxicities by means of modulation of NO prduction. The results from this study may facilitate further understanding the role of NO of nickel and cobalt induced immune and inflammatory processes.

수은화합물이 마우스 복강대식세포와 EMT-6 세포에 미치는 효과

고대하,염정호,기노석,오경재,권근상,김성엽,김남송 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Balb/c 마우스의 복강대식세포 및 유선암에서 기원한 EMT-6 세포를 배양하는 조건에 여러농도의 수은을 첨가하여 nitrite와 nitrate 생성의 변화를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 복강대식세포 및 EMT-6 세포가 생성하는 nitrite와 nitrate 양은 배양시작 12시간째의 생성량에 비해 24시간 후에는 2배, 36시간 후에는 3배의 농도로 측정되어 된다. 이때 nitrite와 nitrate 농도사이에는 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수은첨가에 따라 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량은 용량의존적 관계로 현저한 감소를 보이며, 24시간 또는 36시간 후의 세포생존률도 역시 수은농도에 비례하여 감소되는데, 복강대식세포의 생존률이 EMT-6 세포의 생존률보다 더욱 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 배양조건에 수은의 첨가로 인하여 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량이 감소하는 바 수은이 면역세포의 대사과정에 영향을 주어 nitric oxide 생 성능을 억제시키며, 결국 세포성 면역을 저하시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effect of treatment of mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate synthesis was observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media, according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of metabolism of cells.

초등학교 성교육 프로그램 개발 연구 : 초등학교 고학년을 중심으로 Focusing on the Upper Grades

조연순,김정효,이경순,우재경 한국초등교육학회 2001 초등교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 학교의 공식적인 교육과정을 통해 아동들이 성에 관한 과학적 지식을 습득하고, 건전하고 양성 평등한 태도를 형성하여 긍정적인 자아확립과 원만한 사회 생활을 영위할 수 있도록 하기 위한 성교육 프로그램을 개발하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 문헌 분석과 요구 조사를 바탕으로 성교육과정의 내용 체계를 구성하고 초등학교에서 별도의 성교육 시간이나 타 교과 시간 모두에서 활용 가능한 성교육 단원(교수-학습 활동)을 개발하였다. 이렇게 개발한 성교육 단원을 서울, 경기 지역의 8개 초등학교에 예비 적용해 본 후 프로그램을 수정·보완하였다. 이런 과정을 거쳐 9개 단원, 30개 차시안의 성교육 프로그램을 완성하였다. 본 프로그램의 수업방법은 문제 상황을 제시함으로써 성과 관련된 지식의 이해를 도모하며 이를 바탕으로 실생활 문제를 해결할 수 있는 능력을 기르고자 하는데 그 특징이 있다. The purpose of the study was to develop a sexuality education program for the upper graders of elementary schools to acquire scientific knowledge about sexuality, to have the healthy and positive attitude on their gender and to live harmoniously with opposite gender. The processes of program development were as follows; (1) reviewing related literatures, (2) investigating the needs of students, teachers and parents on the school-based sexuality program, (3) forming the framework of sexuality education program, (4) developing units and activities based on the framework of sexuality education program, (5) implementing the developed program to the eight elementary schools in Seoul and Kyung-gi-do, and (6) modifying the program according to the results of implementation. The above processes of the program development are described in detail, and one lesson is presented as an example among 39 lessons developed. Finally, some problems and thoughts of our society related to the sexuality education are discussed.

뇌졸중 후 치매환자에서 도네피질(아리셉트^(?))이 인지기능 및 일상생활 수행능력, 삶의 질에 미치는 효과

이상열,장혁,송재은,조성옥,류정미,이미경,조진호,신용일 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.1

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of administering Donepezil(Aricept^(?)) for improving cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with post-stroke dementia. Methods: Patients(n=99; mean age, 69.89 years; 48.5% men) with post-stroke dementia, according to criteria of the DSM-IV and MRI, were treated with donepezil 5mg/day or 10mg/day during 24 weeks. They were examined using Mini-mental Status Examination(MMSE), Chinical Dementia Rating(CDR), Barthel Activities of daily living(B-ADL), Instrumental Activities of daily living(I-ADL), Short Form 36 Health Survey-Korean(SF-36-K), and Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) at before treatment and 24 weeks after treatment. Results: The 97 patients completed the trial. At 24 weeks, they showed significant improvement in MMSE(p<0.001), CDR(p<0.001), B-ADL(p=0.002), I-ADL(p<0.001), and SF-36-K(p=0.003) except GDS(p=0.288). Donepezil was well tolerated. There was no withdrawal due to adverse events. Conclusion: This results demonstrate that donepezil was beneficial in improving the cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with post-stroke dementia and was well toleraetd.

Effect of Long -term Treatment with the Adventious Root Cultured Mountain Ginseng (CBN-3) on Functions of Central Nervous System in Healthy Human Volunteers

LEE SE0UL,YU KEE WON,KEUM KYUNG SOO,KIM NARI,PAEK KEE-YEUP,JUNG KYUY0NG,CHOI BONG KYU,OH GYUNG JAE4 대한약학회 2006 大韓藥學會 總會 및 學術大會 Vol.2006 No.1

Trend of Accruals: Korean Evidence

Jae-Gyung Jung(정재경) 한국로고스경영학회 2020 로고스경영연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구는 1998년부터 2017년까지 20년간 8,732기업-연도의 우리나라 유가증권상장기업의 총 발생액과 재량적 발생액의 수준과 크기를 살펴보았다. 발생액은 최근 들어 이연수익의 증가, 신용조건의 변화 및 새로운 경제적 사건의 출현으로 급격한 변화를 겪고 있다. 또한 이러한 변화는 국제회계기준에서 공정가치의 강조, 적자기업의 증가, 무형자산의 미인식 등 다양한 이유가 존재한다. 뿐만 아니라 재량적 발생액을 사용한 이익조정은 정교한 통제시스템으로 점점 감소하고 있다고 예상된다. 실제로 본 연구에서 발생액의 크기는 감소하는 추세를 나타냈고, 재량적 발생액의 크기가 유의하게 감소했다. 본 연구는 규제기관 및 외부 정보이용자에게 발생액의 변화에 대한 시사점을 제공한다. This study examines trend of total accruals and the level and size of discretionary accruals of 8,732 observations in Korea from 1998 to 2017. Accruals have been undergoing rapid changes in recent years due to an increase in deferred income, a change in credit terms and the emergence of new economic events. There are various reasons for this change, such as the emphasis on fair value in international accounting standards, an increase in the number of loss companies in the red, and non-recognition of intangible assets. In addition, earnings management using discretionary accruals is expected to decline gradually due to sophisticated control systems. This study finds that the size of accruals shows a decreasing trend, and the size of discretionary accruals decreased significantly. This study provides implications for changes in accruals to regulator and external information users.

Transcriptional changes of gibberellin oxidase genes in grapevines with or without gibberellin application during inflorescence development

Jung, Chan Jin,Hur, Youn Young,Jung, Sung-Min,Noh, Jung-Ho,Do, Gyung-Ran,Park, Seo-June,Nam, Jong-Chul,Park, Kyo-Sun,Hwang, Hae-Sung,Choi, Doil,Lee, Hee Jae Springer-Verlag 2014 Journal of plant research Vol.127 No.2

Effect of sleep deprivation on hearing levels in rats

Jung, Jae Hyun,Kim, Miryeong,Lee, Seung Jae,Lee, Eunsang,Lee, Se A,Lee, Jong Dae,Choi, Ji Ho,Kim, Bo Gyung Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGO Vol.112 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>To our knowledge, the influence of sleep deprivation on hearing levels has yet to be assessed in animals. Therefore, we evaluated whether auditory function was affected by sleep deprivation in rats.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Male Wistar rats (aged 9 weeks, weighing 300–400 g) were used for the study and were randomly assigned to a control (n = 15) or sleep deprivation group (n = 12). Hearing levels were evaluated at baseline and 9 days after sleep deprivation using auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABRs) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) measurements. Blood was collected for the measurement of interleukin-1β and corticosterone levels.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The ABR thresholds (at 8, 16, and 32 kHz) at 9 days were significantly elevated in the sleep deprivation group compared to the control group (<I>p</I> < 0.05, respectively). The sleep deprivation group showed a defect in the function of outer hair cells, as evidenced by decreased levels of distortion product otoacoustic emission. IL-1β was significantly increased in the sleep deprivation group. Sleep-deprived rats exhibited rupture of Reissner's membrane and morphological damage to stereocilia.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>These results suggest that sleep deprivation induces damage to the cochlea and results in hearing loss in Wistar rats.</P>