도로교통소음에 대한 주민들의 반응

고대하,염정호,권근상,Koh, Dai-Ha,Youm, Jung-Ho,Kwon, Keun-Sang 한국환경보건학회 2004 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.30 No.3

Valid evaluation of community reaction to road-traffic noise exposure is important for the policy making and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between community reaction and nighttime road-traffic noise. The study measured nighttime roadside noise caused by high traffic which is greater than LAeq(22:00-07:00) 65dB(A) and lower than 65dB(A) at Chonju city, from March to April, 2003. Three hundred sixty seven subjects, aged from 20 to 65, were selected from those who are residing close to the major roads. They were asked to answer the questions regarding noise source, stress(PWI-SF), annoyance, disturbance of specific activity, disturbance of sleep, somatic symptom, and four suggested confounding factors. The relationship between annoyance, somatic symptom and noise exposure was not significant. Adjusted odds ratio(95% C.I.) for disturbance of communication and disturbance of attention and rest were 1.59(1.03-2.71), 1.64(1.06-2.81), respectively. On the other hand sleep disturbance was indicated as 1.34(0.77-2.32). The results suggested that federal policy-making about road-traffic noise should consider community reaction evaluated by various perspective including annoyance, disturbance of specific activity, disturbance of sleep, and confounding factors.

산발적으로 신고되는 세균성이질환자의 감염원 추정을 위한 알리바이 확인 및 PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) 검사

고대하,윤채현,이신재,Koh, Dai-Ha,Yoon, Chai-Hyun,Lee, Sin-Jae 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Objectives : A few culture-confirmed cases of S. sonnei have been notified from Korean hospitals. The source of epidemic can't be firmly determined in such cases because of the rarity of this illness in the local communities and the timing of the outbreaks. The objective of this study is to estimate the source of epidemic by investigating the patients' lifestyles. Methods : Alibi verification was used to access the presumed source of the epidemic. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was used to rapidly detect the genes of Shigella in water specimens. Results : The common lifestyle trait among the Shigella infected patients was connected with Mt. Martyr in J city, Korea. The first patient's son had gone on a pilgrimage to Mt. Martyr with 41 friends and he had only eaten rice cakes on April 5th; the second patients had visited Mt. Martyr with their mother for a picnic on April 12th; the third patient had visited Mt. Martyr with 22 friends for a pilgrimage and the patient had only drunk holy water on April 13th. Therefore, the holy water of Mt. Martyr was reckoned to be the source of the epidemic. PCR detected the genes of Shigella two days before the S. sonnei was confirmed. Conclusion : The patients' lifestyles for 7 days before the onset of symptoms should be determined in terms of time, place and contacted people to find the source of infection when cases with food poisoning are seen in the hospital setting.

지역건강 격차조사를 위한 지역사회건강조사의 활용 -전라북도 군산시 사례-

고대하,권근상,이주형 한국농촌의학.지역보건학회 2019 농촌의학·지역보건 Vol.44 No.4

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Mercury chloride 및 Methylmercury chloride가 정상인(正常人)의 혈액배양(血液培養)에서 임파구(淋巴球)의 자매염색분체교환(姉妹染色分體交換)에 미치는 영향(影響)

고대하,Koh, Dai-Ha 대한예방의학회 1984 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.17 No.1

Reciprocal exchanges of DNA in sister chromatids (SCEs) are induced by various carcinogens and mutagens, although the quantitative relationship between the number of mutations and SCEs induced varies among chemicals. Nevertheless, the analysis of SCEs production by various agents often proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity. Mercury, even if which has no evidences for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, is reported to exert some cytotoxic effects, such as chromosomal aberrations or bad influences to ovulation and reproduction in experimental animals, etc.. In this study, tests for sister chromatid exchanges have been carried out on normal human lymphocytes in whole blood culture to add mercury chloride ($HgCl_2$) or methylmercury chloride ($CH_3\;HgCl$) for 72 hr. The results indicate the dose-dependent relationship between the frequencies of SCEs and the concentrations of $HgCl_2,\;CH_{3}HgCl$ and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Lymphocyte proliferation has depressed in the higher concentration of mercury.

Selenium이 mercury, cadmium 및 chromium에 의한 자매염색분체교환(姉妹染色分體交換)의 빈도(頻度)에 미치는 영향(影響)

고대하,기노석,Koh, Dai-Ha,Ki, No-Suk 대한예방의학회 1990 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.23 No.1

The protective effect of sodium selenite($Na_2SeO_3$) against the cytogenetic toxicity of heavy metals was investigated on human whole-blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in secondary metaphase chromosome. Methylmercury chloride($CH_3HgCl$), cadmium chloride($CdCl_2$), potassium dichromate($K_2Cr_2O_7$), and sodium selenite caused to the typically dose-dependent increase in sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by the concentrations ranging from $0.3{\mu}M\;to\;10{mu}M$. However, the inductions of sister chromatid exchanges by methylmercury chloride or cadmium chloride were inhibited by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite $1.2{mu}M$. The frequencies of SCE were decreased to the level of control in the molar ratios as 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 of selenium selenite vs. methylmercury chloride, and as 1:1 and 1:2 of selenium selenite vs. cadmium chloride, while the frequencies of SCE induced by potassium dichromate were not changed by the addition of sodium selenite in culture condition. Mitotic indices were decreased in the higher concentrations of chemicals and not significantly changed by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite to the culture condition containing each chemicals. 셀레늄이 수은, 카드뮴 및 크롬의 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 이들 중금속을 $0.3{mu}M$에서 $10{mu}M$까지 6개 농도로 각각 희석하여 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄과 함께 혈액 배양에 첨가하고, 48시간 경과후 fluorescence-plus-Giemsa 염색에 의해 2차분열 중기의 염색체에서 자매염색분체교환(SCE)현상을 관찰하여, 셀레늄을 첨가하지 않았을 때의 결과와 비교하였다. 셀레늄을 다른 중금속들의 경우와 동일한 농도로 단독 첨가한 경우 SCE빈도는 $5.9{\pm}2.64$회에서 $12.3{\pm}3.99$회의 범위로 변하였고, 수은은 $6.5{\pm}2.70$회에서 $15.7{\pm}2.75$회, 카드뮴은 $6.7{\pm}2.65$회에서 $11.2{\pm}4.13$회, 크롬은 $7.0{\pm}2.58$회에서 $14.9{\pm}6.43$회의 범위로 농도증가에 비례하여 SCE빈도가 상승하였으며, 이때 세포분열지수는 공히 농도증가에 반비례하여 고농도군에서는 현저히 낮았다. 중금속들과 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄을 동시에 첨가시킨 조건에서는 수은의 경우, 셀레늄과 수은의 몰(mol)농도비가 1:1, 1:2, 1:4의 조건에서, 카드뮴의 경우 1:2 및 1:4의 조건에서 SCE빈도의 현저한 감소를 나타냈으나 크롬의 경우는 셀레늄의 첨가와 무관하였으며, 세포분열지수는 전반적으로 셀레늄의 첨가에 별다른 영향을 받지 않았다.

우리의 음식문화와 발효식품, 그리고 건강

고대하 전주국제발효식품엑스포 조직위원회 2006 발효 : 맛있는 잡지 Vol.2 No.1

유기수은의 세포면역독성과 이에 대한 아연의 방어효과 및 기전

고대하,염정호,오경재 한국환경보건학회 2001 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.27 No.2

중금속에 의한 HL-60 세포의 Apoptosis 유도

김남송,성태호,조광호,염정호,고대하 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : Apotosis induced by metals and metal-related deleterious conditions has only recently been studied. Although the toxic effects of heavy metal are well described, little is known about the mechanism of apoptosis by heavy metal toxicity. This study is designed to define the induction of apoptosis by which heavy metals exert the cytotoxic effect on human promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells. Methods : After the incubation with CdCl2, Na2SeO3 and HgC12, viability of the cells were measured by MTT assay. DNA fragmentation was analyzed by electrophoresis. For measurement of caspase 1 and 3-like proteases activity, the whole lysates were subjected to the proteolytic cleavage and then measured by using fluorospectrometry. c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity was detected by an in vitro kinase assay. Transcriptional activities of activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) were measured by electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results : Cadmium (120μM) and selenium (30μM) induce the apoptosis of HL-60 cells which is characterized by the ladder pattern of DNA fragmentation. Cadmium and selenium induce the activation of caspase-3 in a time dependent manner. They also increase the phosphotransferase activities of c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) in cadmium and selenium treated HL-60 cells. Furthermore, cadmium and selenium increase the activation of transcriptional factors including AP-1 and NF-kB. Conclusions : These results suggest that cadmium and selenium induce the apoptotic death of HL-60 cells via activation of DEVD-specific caspase, JNK and transcriptional factors such as AP-1 and NF-kB.

RAW264.7 세포를 이용한 수은의 세포독성기전 및 수은에 대한 셀레늄의 방어기전에 대한 연구

고대하(Dai Ha Koh),김준연(Jun Youn Kim),염정호(Jung Ho Youm) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

In present study, we elucidated the protective effects of selenium against the cytotoxic1ty of mercurial compounds(CH₃HgCl, HgCl₂) in RAW 264.7 cell and peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice. Mercurial compounds significantly decreased the cell viability and the synthesis of nitric oxide(NO) and cellular ATP in a dose-dependent manner. Selenium was not toxic at concentrations of 1-10 μM. But, selenium by itself was decreased the cell viability and the syntheses of NO and cellular ATP in dose-dependent manner above 20 μM conditions. However, in the selenium added conditions, the mercurial-induced cytotocixity was not observed. The protective effects of selenium against the cytotoxicity of mercurial compound depended on the concentration of added selenium to the culture conditions. We evaluated the mechanisms of protective effect of selenium against the mercury-induced cytotoxicity by the pretreatment experiments. In the selenium pretreatment, mercurial compounds still decreased the cell viability and the syntheses of NO and cellular ATP in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicated that the protective effect of selenium against the cytotoxicity of mercurial compounds was achieved by formation of some complex as such as SeHg or Se-Hg-protein. Though its mechanism was not clear, the protective role of selernium against the mercury toxicity would be exhibited in the immunological system.

수은화합물이 마우스 복강대식세포와 EMT-6 세포에 미치는 효과

고대하,염정호,기노석,오경재,권근상,김성엽,김남송 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Balb/c 마우스의 복강대식세포 및 유선암에서 기원한 EMT-6 세포를 배양하는 조건에 여러농도의 수은을 첨가하여 nitrite와 nitrate 생성의 변화를 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 복강대식세포 및 EMT-6 세포가 생성하는 nitrite와 nitrate 양은 배양시작 12시간째의 생성량에 비해 24시간 후에는 2배, 36시간 후에는 3배의 농도로 측정되어 된다. 이때 nitrite와 nitrate 농도사이에는 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 수은첨가에 따라 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량은 용량의존적 관계로 현저한 감소를 보이며, 24시간 또는 36시간 후의 세포생존률도 역시 수은농도에 비례하여 감소되는데, 복강대식세포의 생존률이 EMT-6 세포의 생존률보다 더욱 큰 폭으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과로 배양조건에 수은의 첨가로 인하여 nitrite 및 nitrate 생성량이 감소하는 바 수은이 면역세포의 대사과정에 영향을 주어 nitric oxide 생 성능을 억제시키며, 결국 세포성 면역을 저하시키는 것으로 사료된다. The effect of treatment of mercury chloride on the nitrite and nitrate synthesis was observed in peritoneal macrophages from Balb/c mice and EMT-6 cells in vitro. The cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with cytokines. Amounts of nitrite and nitrate in the culture media after 24 and 36 hours of culture were about 2-fold, 3-fold of those measured after 12 hours respectively. There were very close associations between the amounts of nitrite and nitrate measured in the culture media, according to culture time. The survival rate of peritoneal macrophages was significantly decreased by mercury chloride added into the media in dose-dependent manner, however the survivals of EMT-6 cells were not influenced by mercury chloride concentration in media. Nitrite and nitrate syntheses were dose-dependently decreased by mercury chloride added in culture media. These results reported here suggest that the disorder of cell mediated immunity by mercurials could be related to the inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis which seems to be caused by the inhibition of metabolism of cells.