간호대생과 의대생의 간호사 이미지 비교

구민진,김수영,방정민,서아영,양희진,윤소람,이윤재,이재은,이지연,정윤경,최수정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2014 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.48

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the difference in the perception that nursing students and medical students have regarding the image of nurses. Method: The sampling group for this study was made up of 111 nursing students and 117 medicine students, conducted from the 19th August 2013 to 3rd September 2013. The tool used for this study is the “Nurse Image Scale”. The data is analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program, technical stats, t-test and ANOVA with Scheffe test. Result: There was a notable difference in the results(t=6.94, p<001), with the average image perception score of nurses at 3.84±0.34 amongst nursing students being higher than the 3.50±0.38 amongst Medicine students. The average score of the 4 areas tested, “Qualification of a Nurse”, “Role of a Nurse”, “Social Participation of a Nurse” and “Interpersonal Skills of a Nurse” were all marked higher by the nursing students than the medicine students. The average score became notably higher as the period of practice became shorter with nursing students (F=4.21, p=.043). Furthermore, the average score for the “Qualification of a Nurse” was notably higher as the period of practice became shorter (F=3.98, p=.049). Medical students gave an average score for the “Qualification of a Nurse”(F=3.72, p=.027) and the “Interpersonal Skills of a Nurse”(F=4.11, p=.019) which was relative to the development of a nurse’s image, while the average score for the “Role of a Nurse” was notably higher with a longer period of practice(F=6.65, p=.011). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the image perception of a nurse can vary depending on the experience in period of practice. Therefore, together with this study conducted with nursing students and medicine students, there is a need for further studies conducted on image perception of nurses with various experience in period of practice.

Improving diameter bounds for distance-regular graphs

Bang, S.,Hiraki, A.,Koolen, J.H. Elsevier 2006 European journal of combinatorics : Journal europ& Vol.27 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In this paper we study the sequence <SUB>(<SUB>ci</SUB>)0≤i≤d</SUB> for a distance-regular graph. In particular we show that if d≥2j and <SUB>cj</SUB>>1 then <SUB>c2j−1</SUB>><SUB>cj</SUB> holds. Using this we give improvements on diameter bounds by A. Hiraki, J.H. Koolen [An improvement of the Ivanov bound, Ann. Comb. 2 (2) (1998) 131–135], and L. Pyber [A bound for the diameter of distance-regular graphs, Combinatorica 19 (4) (1999) 549–553], respectively, by applying this inequality.</P>

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy properties of tetragonal Mn₃Ga films under various deposition conditions

Bang, H.W.,Yoo, W.,Choi, Y.,You, C.Y.,Hong, J.I.,Dolinsek, J.,Jung, M.H. Elsevier 2016 CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Vol.16 No.1

<P>The tetragonal Mn3Ga films exhibited high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, low saturation magnetization, and high spin polarization, which satisfy the criteria of spin-transfer-torque based devices. For practical device applications, it is necessary to improve the interface nature and optimize the deposition conditions. We fabricated thin films of tetragonal Mn3Ga directly on MgO(100) without any buffer layer by using DC/RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated the crystallinity, microstructure, and magnetic properties with varying the deposition conditions; such as deposition temperature (350 -450 degrees C), RF power (25-40 W), and Ar gas pressure (2-7 mTorr). X-ray diffraction data revealed that the growth direction is perpendicular to the film plane, i.e., the c axis. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the top surface is flat with a maximum thickness of 290 nm. The optimal deposition conditions are 400 degrees C, 35 W, and 5 mTorr in our sputtering system. For the field perpendicular to the film plane, clear hysteresis loop was observed with the saturation magnetization M-S - 100 emu/cc at room temperature. By extrapolating the hard magnetization data for the field parallel to the film plane, the anisotropic energy was estimated about K-1 = 1 x 10(6) J/m(3). (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

ZnIn₂S₄단결정 박막의 성장과 광학적 특성

홍광준,유상하,방진주,김소형,여희숙,양혜정,김현수 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 2002 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.13 No.1

HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy)에 의한 ZnIn_2S_4 박막 성장과 광전도 특성

홍광준,이관교,정준우,정경아,방진주,장현규,문종대,김혜숙 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 1999 自然科學硏究 Vol.22 No.1

HWE 방법에 의해 ZnIn_2S_4 박막을 Si(00) 기판 위에 성장시켰다. 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 610℃, 450℃로 하여 성장시킨 ZnIn_2S_4 박막의 이중 결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)값이 245 arcsec로 가장 작았다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall 효과를 측정하여 운반자농도의 1n n 대 1/T에서 구한 활성화에너지는 0.17eV로 측정되었다. Hall 이동도의 온도 의존성은 30K에서 100K까지는 불순물산란에 기인하고, 100K에서 293K까지는 격자산란에 기인한것으로 고찰되었다. 광전도셀의 특성으로 spectral response, 최대 허용소비전력(MAPD), 광전류와 암전류(pc/dc)의 비 및 응답시간을 측정하였다. S 증기분위기에서 열처리한 광전도 셀의 경우, 감도(??)는 0.99, pc/dc은 1.37x10^7, 그리고 최대 허용소비전력(MAPD)은 336mW, 오름시간(rise time)은 9ms, 내림시간(decay time)은 9.8ms로 가장 좋은 광전도 특성을 얻었다. The ZnIn_2S_4 thin films were grown on the Si(100) wafers by a hot wall epitaxy method(HWE). The source and substrate temperature are 610℃ and 450℃ respectively. The crystalline structure of epilayers was investigated by double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXD). Hall effect on the sample was measured by the van der Pauw method and studied on the carrier density and mobility dependence on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was increased in the temperature range 30K to 100K by impurity scattering and decreased in the temperature range 100K to 293K by the lattice scattering. In order to explore the applicability as a photoconductive cell, we measured the sensitivity(??), the ratio of photocurrent to darkcurrent(pc/dc), maximum allowable power dissipation(MAPD), spectral response and response time. The results indicated that the photoconductive characteristic were the best for the samples annealed in S vapor compare with in Zn, In, air and vacuum vapour. Then we obtained the sensitivity of 0.99, the value of pc/dc of 1.37x10^7, the MAPD of 336mW, and the rise and decay time of 9ms and 9.8ms, respectively.

HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy)에 의한 CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer 성장과 광전기적 특성

홍광준,정준우,백형원,정경아,방진주,진윤미,김소형 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 2001 自然科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

수평 전기로에서 CuGaSe₂ 다결정을 합성하여 HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy) 방법으로 CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer를 반절연성 GaAs(100)기판 위에 성장하였다. CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer는 증발원의 온도를 610℃, 기판의 온도를 450℃로 하였다. CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer의 결정성의 조사에서 20K에서 광발광(photoluminescence) 스펙트럼이 672.6nm(1.8432eV)에서 엑시톤 방출 스펙트럼이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)도 138 arcsec로 가장 작아 최적 성장 조건임을 알 수 있었다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293K에서 각각 4.87×10^(23) electron/m³, 1.29×10² m²/v-s 였다. CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer의 광전류 단파장대 봉우리들로부터 20K에서 측정된 ΔCr(Crystal field splitting)은 약 0.09 eV ΔSo(spin orbit coupling)는 0.2498 eV였다. 20K의 광발광 측정으로부터 고품질의 결정에서 볼 수 있는 자유 엑시톤 (free exciton)과 매우 강한 세기의 중성 받개(acceptor) 구속 엑시톤 (bound exciton)등의 피크가 관찰되었다. 이때 받개 구속 엑시톤 (bound exciton)의 반치폭과 결합에너지는 각각 8meV와 93.2meV 였다. 또한 Haynes rule에 의해 구한 불순물의 활성화 에너지는 466meV였다. The stochiometric mixture of evaporating materials for the CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer was prepared from horizontal furnace. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the polycrystal CuGaSe₂, it was found tetragonal structure whose lattice constant a_(0) and c_(0) were 5.615 Å and 11.025 Å, respectively. To obtain the CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer, CuGaSe₂ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched GaAs(100) by the Hot Wall Epitaxy(HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were 610 ℃ and 450 ℃ respectively. The crystalline structure of CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer was investigated by the double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXD). Hall effect on this sample was measured by the method of van der pauw and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by pizoelectric scattering in the temperature range 30 K to 150 K and by polar optical scattering in the temperature range 150 K to 293 K. From the photocurrent spectra by illumination of polarized light of the CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilaye. We have found that values of spin orbit coupling ΔSo and crystal field splitting ΔCr was 0.0900 eV and 0.2498 eV, respectively. From the photoluminescence measurement of CuGaSe₂/GaAs epilayer, we observed free excition(Ex) observable only in high quality crystal and neutral acceptor-bound exciton (A^(0); X) having very strong peak intensity. And, the full width at half maximum and binding energy of neutral donor bound excition were 8 meV and 93.2 meV, respectively. By Haynes rule, an activation energy of impurity was 466 meV.

농촌지역의 임산부와 영유아를 위한 영양개선사업에서 마을건강원의 역할

김종호,이정자,최정심,방숙 순천향대학교 1988 논문집 Vol.11 No.3

IEC1400-1 국제표준을 적용한 대형 수평축 풍력발전용 회전날개의 설계개선

공창덕,방조혁,정종철,감명훈,정석훈,장병섭,안주연 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2000 機械技術硏究 Vol.3 No.2

풍력 터빈회전날개의 설계시 구조적 형상을 결정하는 예비설계 단계에서 종전에는 여러 가지 다양한 경우의 설계를 수행하여 이중 적합한 경우을 채택하는 시행착오 방법은 많은 설계시간을 요하였으나, 본 연구에서는 이 같은 설계시의 비효율적 요소를 배제하고자 적층판 이론을 기초로 한 설계프로그램을 이용하는 설계기법을 계발함으로서 설계절차를 개선하였다. 개선된 설계절차에 따라 국제표준 설계규격 IEC1400-1에서 규정한 각 경우의 하중해석과 응력, 변형율 및 변형한계를 설정한 후, 단순화한 복합재 회전날개 구조에 혼합법칙과 주 응력 설계기법을 이용하여 복합재 구조의 형상을 정하였다. 설계된 구조는 본 연구를 통해 개발된 적층판 이론을 기초로 한 프로그램을 이용하여 강도 및 좌굴에 대한 구조의 안정성을 확인하여 상세설계 과정 시 소요되는 시간을 최소화하였다. 설계된 구조는 표피 등을 고려하여 수정 설계한 후 유한요소법을 이용하여 응력, 변형율, 변위, 고유진동수, 좌굴안정성, 피로수명등을 해석하여 국제 표준규격의 만족여부를 확인하였다. Because the previous design procedure for the composite wind turbine blade structure using trial and error method takes long time, a improved design procedure by using the program based on classical laminate theory was proposed to reduce the inefficient element. According to the improved design procedure, limitation of strains, stresses and displacements specified by international standard specification IEC1400-1 for the composite wind turbine blade were applied to sizing the structural configuration by using the rule of mixture and the principal stress design technique with a simplified turbine blade. Structural safety for strength and buckling stability was confirmed by the developed analysis program based on the laminate theory to minimize the design procedure. After modifying the preliminary design result with additional structural components such as skin, foam sandwich and mounting joints, stresses, strains, displacements, natural frequency, buckling load and fatigue life were analyzed by the finite element method. Finally these results were confirmed by comparing with IEC1400-1 specification.

철강산업 용융로의 대기오염물질 배출계수 산정 연구

석광설,방선애,홍지형,이석조,김대곤,이대균,허정숙,이은정 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.4

The purpose of this study is 10 estimate of emission factors of the air pollutants for the melting furnaces for the iron and steel industry. The result of this study is able to obtain the emission factor of particulate matters (PM), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides for melting furnace. The emission factors of each pollutants were as follows: - the emission factor varied between 6.13E-03 ∼ 6.12E-01kg/ton for PM - 1.59E-01 ∼ 2.45E+00kg/ton for S0₂ - 6.82E-02 ∼ 6.88E-01kg/ton for NOx, respectively. Analysis of the differences in the emission factors of ours and U.S. EPA's yielded the following results for the Wilcoxon method: p>0.05. The statistical analysis showed no differences in the our emission factors and U.S. EPA's

화력발전소의 대기오염물질 배출계수 산정 연구

김대곤,엄윤성,홍지형,이석조,석광설,이대균,이은정,방선애 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The main purpose of this study was to characterize the air pollutants emission factors in electric power plant (EPP) using fossil fuels. The electric power plant is a major air pollution source, thus knowing the emission characteristics of electric power plant is very important to develop a control strategy. The major air pollutants of concern from EPP stacks are particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and heavy metals. Throughout the study. the following results arc estimated: - PM : 8.671E-05∼8.724E+01 PM emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - SOx: 4.749E-04∼7.877E+01 SOx emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - NOx : 1.578E-02∼9.857E+00 NOx emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - CO : 3.800E-04∼1.291E+00 CO emission (kg) per fuel burned (ton) - Hg : 1.220E+01∼3.108E+02 Hg emission (mg) per fuel burned (ton) From the statistical analysis by Wilcoxon signed ranks test between the emission factors of ours and U.S. EPA's. we can yielded that: p > 0.05.