김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 특성

김기택(Kim, Ki-Taek) 한국비평문학회 2022 批評文學 Vol.- No.83

김종삼 시의 특징의 하나인 이미지의 변용이나 환상의 병치, 풍부한 여백의 활용 등에는 시가 침묵에 귀 기울이고 침묵의 부름에 응답하는 것이라는 인식이 있으며, 침묵으로 소통하려는 방법이 있다. 그의 시에서 대상과의 거리, 시각적 청각적 이미지, 말하는 태도 등을 살펴보면 침묵 지향성이 보인다. 이 연구는 그 침묵 지향적 특징을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 글에서는 김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 특성을 세 가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 첫째로 김종삼 시는 대상과 침묵 지향적인 거리를 둠으로써 불안과 고통에서 벗어나 심리적인 안정을 꾀하려 한다. 대상과 거리가 가깝고 소리가 클 때, 시적 화자는 불안하고 불편한 심리를 보이지만 거리가 멀어지고 소리가 낮아지거나 침묵 상태에 이르면 점차 안정되고 편안해진다. 대상과 거리 두기의 지향점은 침묵이다. 둘째로 마음이 안정되고 정신이 고양될 때 화자의 내면에는 음악적 동요가 일어나고 시적 순간이 현현한다. 화자는 고요한 풍경이나 추억에서 종종 악기 소리를 듣는데, 이 소리는 귀로 들리는 소리가 아니라 내면에서 일어나는 음악적 동요이다. 이런 순간에 소리는 시각적 이미지로 변화하거나 풍경이 청각적 이미지로 변화되기도 한다. 이러한 변화를 일으키는 과정에서 침묵은 핵심적인 기능을 담당한다. 셋째로 김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 태도에는 말하지 않으려는 경향이 있다. 이것은 말을 회피하고 거부하는 수동적 태도이지만, 지적 방법과 의지에 따라 점차 능동적으로 변화한다. 이 태도는 말할 수 없음, 말하지 못함, 존재로 말함의 단계로 변화한다. 말할 수 없음에는 억압되고 차단되어 말할 수 없는 실어증적인 태도가 있으며, 말할 줄 모름에는 말을 회피하는 수동적 태도와 존재의 순수성을 지키려는 능동적 태도의 양면성이 있다. 존재로 말함에는 존재가 스스로 드러나도록 함으로써 말할 수 없는 것을 침묵으로 소통하려는 지적 방법론과 의지가 드러난다. Kim Jong-Sam(1921-1984) is one of the important post-war poet who start to write poetry after the cease of Korean War. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry, which is appeared in the distance to the poetic objects, the change of visual or audial images and the attitude of saying. This study searches for three ways of characteristics of Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry. First, Kim’s poetry tries to maintain the silence-oriented distance toward to the object and loud sound just to get out of the trouble and to be stabilized. The poetic speaker shows instability when the objects are closed to him so that he may hear the loud and rough sound. However, his mind turns into stabilized when he maintains the long distance with the objects and the sound is lower. So the poetic speaker’s mind is quiet and happy. Second, when the poetic speaker’s mind is tranquilized, he may experience the musical fluctuation and the poetic instances. He often hear the musical sound when he see the beautiful landscape or recollect his old times. This is not the sound hearing in his ear, but the musical fluctuation created in his peaceful mind. Third, there is the basic attitude not to say anything in Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry. However, this attitude is gradually changed from passivity to activity by the poetic speaker’s intellectual method and willingness. There are three steps in this attitude not to say—‘impossible to say’, ‘no ability to say’ and ‘saying through the existence’. ‘Impossible to say’ has the aphasic attitude under the condition of suppressed and blocked speaking. ‘No ability to say’ has two sides, passive way to avoid to say and active way to keep the purity of existence. ‘Saying through the existence’ is the intellectual way to communicate by silence with the appearance of existence itself instead of utterance by mouth.

도시공간구조에 따른 존별 첨두율 예측모형 연구 : 대구광역시 중존을 중심으로

김태헌,김택근,김기혁 계명대학교 산업기술연구소 1998 産業技術硏究所 論文報告集 Vol.21 No.1

The aim of this research is to find out the characteristics of peak hour rate and to estimate the peak hour by spatial structure and social factors in the urban area The data used to estimate peak rate was based on Taegu city's person trip survey in 1992. Multiple regression analysis have used to develop the prediction equations for the peak hour trip by various types of land use and urban characteristics data.

급속응고된 N-type Bi₂Te_(2.75)Se_(0.15) 열전재료의 미세조직과 열전특성에 미치는 압출비의 영향

김태경,이상일,임종호,손현택,김택수,천병선 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.1

The n-Type thermoelectric compounds of Bi₂Te_(2.75)Se_(0.15) doped with 0.1 wt% SbI₃ were fabricated by gas atomization process and extruded under ratio of 16:1 and 28:1 at 450℃. The effect of extrusion ratio on the microstructures and thermoelectric properties were investigated by a combination of microscopy, XRD and thermoelectric properties. Grains of extruded bars are smaller than those of heated powder at extrusion temperature (450℃) due to the dynamic recrystallization but with increasing the amount of plastic deformation, grains of specimen extruded with 28:1 were slightly coarse. The compressive strength of hot extruded bar under 28:1 is 160 MPa and with decreasing the extrusion ratio to 16:1, the value is 250 MPa. The Seebeck coefficient a and electrical resistivity p were decreased with increasing ratio, while thermal conductivity x was increased. this results from decrease of carrier scattering and increase of carrier mobility. Extruded bar under ratio of 16:1 shows the higher value of figure of merit (Z=2.50x10^(-3)/K) than that of 28:1 (Z=2.07x10^(-3)/K). (Received June 24, 2004)

PD 제어기를 이용한 회전시스템의 동특성에 관한 연구

김택현,김종태,김재경 朝鮮大學校 機械技術硏究所 2005 機械技術硏究 Vol.8 No.1

기계 회전 시스템을 통하여 응답특성 및 제어효과에 대한 연구를 목적으로 하여 PD제어기를 사용하여 응답특성을 확인하였는데 제어기를 사용함은 얻고자하는 대상 플랜트의 출력 특성을 제어하는데 목적이 있다. 우선, 실험으로 들어가 시스템의 관성 (inertia), 스프링 강성(spring stiffness), 감쇠계수(damping coefficient) 등의 매개변수 값들을 측정하고, 하드웨어 게인 값을 정의한다. 다음으로 PD제어기의 설계를 하는데 우선 강체로 모델링된 시스템에서의 step 응답, ramp 응답, parabolic 응답과 sinusoidal 응답에서의 비례게인, 미분게인 값이 시스템에 미치는 영향을 통하여 제어특성과 효과를 알아보고, 2자유도(two degree of freedom) 기계 회전 시스템에 대하여 PD제어실험을 통하여 회전 시스템의 상승시간(rising time), 정착시간 (settling time) 등의 응답속도 개선, 그리고 오버슈트(overshoot), 언더슈트(undershoot) 등의 응답성능의 향상을 꾀한다. The mechanical rotation system is made up of belts, mass disks and gears. This precise piece of equipment is controlled electro-mechanically by the motor and operation program. The control strategy of the system can be changed by belts' stiffness and change of the mass and gear. This system can be modeled as a rigid body, and also finds broad application in such diverse fields as machine tools, the cruise control system in automobiles, and control in the attitude and gimbals of spacecraft. This system proves the necessity and effect of a closed loop control. The study of the mechanical rotation system excited by its base motion is not only able to predict the rotational performance, but obtain the fundamental data for vibration isolation. In this thesis, we studied the response abilities such as steady overshoot, undershoot and ect. and the response velocities such as rising time, settling time, and ect. in the mechanical rotation system. through PD control experiment..

복합재료 적층판의 유한요소 해석을 위한 효율적 경계조건에 관한 연구

김택현,김인권,김종태 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

This paper presents three boundary techniques which are useful for FEM analysis of composite laminates ; (1) a rotational symmetric boundary technique (2) a quasi three-dimensional boundary technique (3) a contact boundary technique. The use of the rotational symmetry boundary technique is possible for a smaller FEM model. With the use of the quasi three-dimensional boundary technique, quasi three-dimensional analysis of composite laminates can be performed on the conventional 3-D FEM program. These techniques can readily be adopted to FEM programs.

대칭형 보에 의해 보강된 등방성 평판의 음향방사에 관한 연구

김택현,오택열,김종태 한국공작기계학회 1998 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The determination of sound pressure radiated from peoriodic plate structures is fundamental in the estimation of noise levels in aircraft fuselages and ship hull structures. As a robust approach to this problem, here a very general and comprehensive analytical model for predicting the sound radiated by a vibrating plate stiffened by periodically spaced orthogonal symmetric beams subjected to a sinusoidally time varying point load is developed. The plate is assumed to be infinite in extent, and the beams are considered to exert both line force and moment reactions on it. Structural damping is included in both plate and beam materials. A space harmonic series representation of the spatial variables is used in conjunction with the Fourier transform to find the sound pressure in terms of harmonic coefficients. From this theoretical model, The sound pressure levels on axis in a semi-infinite fluid (water) bounded by the plate with the variation in the loactions of an external time harmonic point force on the plate can be calculated efficiently using three numerical tools such as the Gauss-Jordan method, the LU decomposition method and the IMSL numerical package.

ISD 모델에 기초한 농업인 안전교육 프로그램 개발

김진모,이택선,이경숙,김경란,길대환,김효철,이찬 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 ISD 모델에 기초하여 농업인 안전교육 프로그램을 개발하는데 있으며,이를 위해 분석-설계-개발-실행-평가의 다섯 단계로 구성된 개발모형을 설정하였다. 구체적인 프로그램 내용을 개발하기 위해 환경분석,학습자분석,과제분석을 실시하였고,그 결과를 반영하여 ‘안전의식 함양’,‘근골격계질환’,‘농약중독예방’,‘농기계 안전 사용’의 4개 모듈과 10개의 레슨을 설계하였다. 요구분석 및 설계 결과를 바탕으로 농업인 안전교육 프로그램의 교재/보조 자료/매체를 개발하였다. 교재의 경우,학습자용과 강사용을 구분하여 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램 및 운영체제에 대한 검토 및 보완을 위한 전문가 협의회를 개최하여 프로그램 시연회를 실시한 후 교육프로그램을 수정,보완하였다. 그 후,농작업안전시범마을의 농업인을 대상으로 농업인 안전교육 프로그램을 시험 운영하였고,그 결과를 반영하여 농업인 안전교육 프로그램을 완성하였다. 또한 이상의 프로그램 개발 과정을 통해 나타난 논점을 토대로 향후 교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 시사점을 제공하였다. The purpose of this study was to develop a agricultural safety and health training program based on ISD Model. We set up 5step(Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model for developing the program. After analyzing environment, learner and task, four modules(① Safety and Health Mindset, ② Musculoskeletal System Disorders, ③ Agrichemical Poisoning Prevention, and ③ Using Farm Machines Safely) and 10 lessons were designed. We developed teaching materials and supplement materials for the Agricultural Safety and Health Training Program based on need analysis and program design. Teaching materials consisted of the learner's and instructor's. The developed program was examined by expert groups and the weak points were revised through professional workshop. Finally, we tested the Agricultural Safety and Health Training Program at agricultural safety and health model village and fixed the program by reflecting the test results.

한국국제회계기준(K-IFRS)의 도입과 이익조정

김진규, 이택란, 김규빈, 김민식 가톨릭대학교 산업경영연구소 2012 産業經營硏究 Vol.- No.20

세포질내 정자주입법(ICSI)에 있어서 정자흡입 및 난자내 주입방법에 관한 연구

이택후,김항진,송건호,김대근,전상식,박윤규,서태광,전병균,류은경,이은숙,문진수,김광철 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Study on Method of Sperm Aspiration and Injection into an Oocyte in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Immobilization of spermatozoa prior to intracytoplasmic sperm iniection(ICSI) sometimes results in crooked tail and this makes it difficult to aspirate sperm into an injection pipette tail first. Head-first sperm aspiration into an injection pipette avoid this problem due to the bigger size of the sperm head. The effect of head or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte on fertilization cleavage, percentage of grade I embryos and development to blastocyst stage in ICSI program has been studied. A single living immobilized spermatozoa from oligoasthenozoospermic patient was injected into an oocyte head-first or tail-first according to the treatment. Eighteen hours after microinjection, oocytes ware inspected for survival and fertilization Fertilized oocytes with two pronuclei were cultured in 30μl drop of mHTF supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated follicular fluid(FF) at 37℃. On day 2. embryo transfer was performed with cleaved embryos. The remaining 2-8 cell stage embryos were co-cultured with BRL cells in mHTF + 10% FF for 72 hours and the developmental stage was observed. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance. A total of 164 oocytes from 36 cycles were assigned to earth treatment and ICSI was performed(88 head-first, tail-first). The rates of normal fertilization were 81.8% and 76.3% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the fertilized oocytes, the percentage of cleaved embryos and the percentage of grade 1 embryo among cleaved embryos were 88.9% and 68.8%, 93.1% and 74.1% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the 2-8 cell embryos cultured, 44.4%(16/36) and 50.0%(10/20) for head first and tail first, respectively developed to blastocyst stage. There were no differences in fertilization, cleavage, rates of grade 1 embryos, and development to blastocyst stage. In conclusion, head-first or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte in ICSI program does not affect fertilization and subsequent embryo development to blastocyst stage in vitro.

우리나라 회계법인의 효율성에 관한 연구

김주택(Kim, Ju-Taek) 글로벌경영학회 2012 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 2011년 3월 현재 우리나라 123개 전체 회계법인의 기술적 효율성, 순기술적 효율성 및 규모의 효율성을 회계법인의 사업보고서를 중심으로 분석한다. 기존의 회계법인에 대한 효율성 분석은 회귀분석을 이용하여 회계법인 전체에 대한 효율성만 측정되어 회계법인 각각의 효율성과 비효율성을 알기에는 부족함이 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 DEA분석방법을 사용하여 각 회계법인의 상대적 효율성과 준거집단 및 효율성 있는 회계법인이 되기 위한 람다 값을 제시하여 기존의 연구와 차이가 있다. 본 연구에서는 투입변수로서 회계법인의 총 직원수, 자산금액을 산출변수로 회계법인의 감사수입, 세무수입, 컨설팅수입을 사용하였다. 분석결과 우리나라 회계법인의 효율성의 평균은 0.6517이며 비효율성은 0.3483으로 나타났고, 123개 회계법인 중 기술적 효율성, 순기술적 효율성 및 규모 효율성이 우수하게 나타난 것은 10개 회계법인 이고 나머지 113개 회계법인은 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzed organizational efficiency in terms of technical, pure, and scale efficiency toward Korean s 123 accounting firms in 2011. Efficiency analysis about existing accounting firms was not enough to understand about efficiency and inefficiency of each accounting firms by analyzing through regression analysis in entire accounting firms, this problem can be solve. However, this study is different with other existing studies. This study used DEA analysis to identify relative efficiency toward Korean accounting firms and suggested Lamda value to become a benchmarking group and an efficient organization. In this study, the input variable were accounting firm s total number of employees and asset. Accounting firm s audit fee, tax service, consulting service were used for output variable As a result, among 124 accounting firms, 10 firms proved excellence for technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.