Changes in Spatiotemporal Parameters and Lower Limb Coordination During Prosthetic Gait Training in Unilateral Transfemoral Amputees

Yunhee Chang,Chang-Yong Ko,Bo Ra Jeong,Jung Sun Kang,Hyuk-Jae Choi,Gyoosuk Kim,Hyunjun Shin,Sehoon Park 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.23 No.3

When applying prosthetic gait training to patients with lower limb amputation, monitoring the gait change process is crucial for establishing and modifying rehabilitation training plans. In addition, since human gait involves complex movement of several joints, it is necessary to analyze the organic movement of adjacent joints rather than a single joint in the lower extremities for understanding the process of gait change. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze changes in spatiotemporal parameters and lower limb coordination during prosthetic gait training in unilateral transfemoral amputees (TFAs). This retrospective case–control study included 10 unilateral TFAs and 10 healthy individuals as controls. TFAs received prosthetic gait training for 12 weeks and gait changes were analyzed every 2 weeks using a 3D motion analysis system. The measured variables were spatiotemporal parameters and the continuous relative phase between hip and knee joints. The highest improvement in walking speed was seen at week 4 of training, and the continuous relative phase was most symmetric at week 8. The lower limb coordination pattern was more in-phase in the TFAs than in the controls, and the coordination variability was also lower for the TFAs than for the controls. In addition, the rate of change in lower limb coordination of TFAs was lower than that of spatiotemporal parameters and was significantly different from that of the controls even after training. Considering that the decrease in lower limb coordination is related to gait efficiency, balance, and risk of fall, there is a need to develop therapeutic strategies that can further improve the coordination of TFAs.

코로나 뉴노멀 시대 기독교 채플 위기 극복을 위한 영상문화채플 연구

장혁재 ( Chang¸ Hyuk Jae ),황병준 ( Hwang¸ Byungjune ) 한세대학교 영산신학연구소 2021 영산신학저널 Vol.- No.56

본 논문은 코로나19로 인해 기독교 채플이 당면한 위기를 극복하기 위한 대안으로 영상문화채플을 연구하고 그 방향성을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 기독교 사학은 기독교 정신의 설립 이념을 구현하며 제자로서의 사명을 고취시키기 위하여 기독교 채플을 운영하고 있다. 그러나 지금의 채플은 기독교 사학 내에서 존폐의 문제로 회자되고 있다. 기독인의 정체성을 유념하며 심오하게 말씀을 선포하는 이들의 고충이 심화되고 있다. 기독교 사학의 채플은 자정능력이 상실되어 가는 중이며 급기야 학원 사역자들(교수, 교목)의 선교 동력이 꺼져버린 것이 아닌가 하는 불안한 심리에 놓여 있다. 전능자의 구원의 손길이 절실히 필요한 시점에서 코로나19를 통하여 사역자들은 무엇을 해야 할지에 대한 확실한 동기를 제공받게 되었다. 그러나 현실적으로 다수의 학생이 운집할 수밖에 없는 채플은 코로나19에 가장 취약한 수업이 되었다. 그럼에도 각 대학마다 온라인을 통해 전달되는 높은 수준의 채플은 선교 위기의 시대에 절박한 필요가 되고 있다. 진리를 전달하는 커뮤니케이션의 다양성을 확보하며 이를 구현해낼 수 있는 방안을 창조적으로 구성하는 변화의 시도가 가능하게 된 것이다. 오프라인과 온라인 채플을 모두 경험하며, 기독교 대학 채플 운영자는 온라인 채플이 오프라인보다도 적극적인 문화예술 콘텐츠를 활용해야 하는 필요성을 절감하고 있다. 포스트코로나 시대는 패러다임의 변화로 곧 다른 변화로 변이될 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 영상문화채플 대안을 제시함으로 위기에 봉착한 한국교회의 추락과 동반하는 기독교 사학의 위기를 예방하고 그 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 더불어 본 연구가 대외적으로 겪고 있는 기독교 사학의 신뢰회복에 단초로 제공되기를 희망하며, 이러한 목적의 구체적 실현을 위해 대학의 개별적 대처를 넘어선 연합된 학원 선교의 공동전선을 구축해 나가기를 제안한다. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the new media chapel as a solution to the crisis that Christian school chapels face due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify a desirable direction for change. Chapel services in Christian schools embody the ideology of the Christian spirit and inspire the mission of discipleship. However, the current Christian school chapel faces many challenges and is in danger of extinction. The chapel service of the Christian school is losing its influence on the lives of students. On the other hand, the COVID-19 pandemic offers a positive opportunity for the chaplains and related staff to establish a solid motivation for evangelism and what to do in the midst of the “new normal.” Chapels have become vulnerable during this pandemic because they require many students to gather at once. Many universities have been able to provide high-quality online chapels, adopting diverse means of communication to convey the truth and embracing creative solutions for the difficulties posed by the pandemic. Through the Media chapel, we are realizing the need to more actively utilize cultural and artistic content. The post-COVID era is subject to frequent changes and paradigm shifts. Therefore, this study aims to prevent the crisis of the Korean church from pervading Christian schools by analyzing the contribution and significance of online chapel to make suggestions for the future. In addition, it is hoped that this study will be provided as a starting point for restoring trust in Christian schools. For the concrete realization of this purpose, the writer suggests to build a common front of Christian schools beyond individual communities’ responses to the crisis.

외상성 흉·요추접합부 파열골절의 Kaneda 기구를 이용한 내고정술에 대한 임상적 검토 : Results of Anterior Decompression and Stabilization with Kaneda Device

장주호,김수한,정신,김재휴,강삼석,이제혁 대한신경외과학회 1993 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.22 No.4

The authors report clinical results of twenty-three traumatic thoracolumbar burst fractures treated by internal fixation with Kaneda device after anterior decompression during recent three years. Thoracolumbar injuries made up 28.9% of total spinal injuries and the burst fractures treated by anterior decompression and stabilization with Kaneda device constituted 19.0% of all spinal injuries. The burst fractures occurred most frequently at the age of twenties and thirties. The main causes of injury were fall and vehicle accident. Superior end-plate fracture type was most common according to the types of burst fracture. The first and the second lumbar vertebrae were frequently involved. No patient showed neurological deterioration after surgery. Conus medullaris lesions in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar junction have a high potentiality for functional recovery because the lesions are not due to discontinuity or severe crush injury but due to simple compression by bony fragments. The Kaneda device offered enough stability to enable early ambulation with good alignment and solid fusion.

염산증기 흡입에 의해 발생한 화학성 폐렴 1예

장재혁,원경준,권세훈,하성일,권용은,이승일,윤성호 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.2

A 38-year-old man with dyspnea admitted to the emergency department after exposure to hydrochloric acid in pharmaceutical product manufacturer. Crackle was auscultated in both lung fields in initial physical examination. Chest radiograph showed consolidation and diffuse parenchymal infiltration in both lung fields. Arterial blood gas analysis showed severe hypoxia. This patient was treated by mechanical ventilation, corticosteroid, antibiotics and bronchodilators and was improved completely in a week after the admission. The authors report a rare case of chemical pneumonitis caused by hydrochloric acid.

入學志願者의 質的變化의 分析考察 : 一釜山大學校 4年間의 入試成績을 中心으로

張赫杓,朴載昊,金鶴守 부산대학교 학생생활연구소 1976 硏究報 Vol.12 No.1

1.5 multiples of enrollment capasity was sampled among the applicants to the university entrance and their scores of preliminary and entrance examinations were analyzed statistically. The results of the analysis are as follows; 1) academic achievements of the applicants are gradually enhanced year by year. among the samples the group of Liberal arts Sciences are prominent in theirimproving achievements. 2) the ratio of scores of the preliminary to those of entrance examinations are found to be a good parameter in classifying the quality of the applicant groups these parameters are applied to the whole college and applicants are grouped possibly in 3 categories, upper, middle and lower cne. Applicants are found to enter the upper or middle class from the middle or lower class.

The Korean Society of Gastroenterology & SIDDS 2020 : Slide Session ;K-UG-23 : Upper GI Tract ; Does Discharge Hemoglobin Affect Outcome of Patients with Acute Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding?

( Jae Min Lee ),( Hoon Jai Chun ),( In Kyung Yoo ),( Seung Joo Nam ),( Seung Han Kim ),( Hyuk Soon Choi ),( Eun Sun Kim ),( Bora Keum ),( Yoon Tae Jeen ),( Hong Sik Lee ),( Chang Duck Kim ),( Ho Sang 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Many patients with gastrointestinal bleeding show anemia and usually need red blood cell transfusion. But clinicians are concerned about low hemoglobin affects prognosis and clinical outcome after discharge. This study aimed to assess whether discharge hemoglobin infi uence on outcomes, or not, in patient with acute non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out on patients who had upper gastrointestinal bleeding between January 2011 and December 2012. We analyzed the patients who had lowest hemoglobin below 10 g/dL during hospitalization. Patients with variceal bleeding, stroke, or cardiovascular disease were excluded. We divided the patients into two groups by discharge hemoglobin (Low discharge hemoglobin group; 8 g/dL = hemoglobin and compared clinical outcomes and hemoglobin level changes. Results: A total of 212 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were undergone the endoscopic hemostasis during study periods. One hundred two patients were satisfi ed the inclusion criteria. fifty patients discharged with hemoglobin level under 10 g/dL and fi fty two patients discharged with hemoglobin level over 10 g/dL. Patients in low discharge hemoglobin group showed a lower consumption of pRBC and shorter hospital days than patients in high discharge hemoglobin group. Hemoglobin levelswere not fully recovered at out-patient department until 7 days after discharge. But, most patients showed hemoglobin recovery at 45 days after discharge.Conclusions: In patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding, discharge hemoglobin between 8 to 10 g/dL was showed favorable outcomes during out-patient department follow-up. It seems to be tolerable level without additional pRBC transfusion. Our result can increase the evidence available to support restrictive transfusion strategies in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

도로 정보 자동 인식 알고리즘 개발

정성혁,황창섭,이재기 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 建設技術論文集 Vol.21 No.2

Recently, many studies extracting the geography information using digital aerial image have been implemented. But it is very difficult to recognize objects automatically from the aerial image using edge detection method, and so that work for recognition has practiced manually or semi-automatically. Therefore, in this study, we have removed impedimental elements for recognition using the image which overlapped the significant information bands of brightness-sliced aerial images, then have developed the algorithm which can automatically recognize and extract road information. And we will try to apply that method when we develop a system. For this, first of all, we have developed the "template conformal-transformation moving operator" for automatically recognizing crosswalk area from crosswalk band image and the "window normal search algorithm" which is able to track road area based on long-side length of crosswalk. So, we have proposed the method that can extract directly the road information from the aerial image.

배양조건이 'Campbell Early' 포도의 기내 및 기외 생장에 미치는 영향

박재혁,손인창,김선규 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 2002 연구보고서 Vol.6 No.-

배지내 당농도와 PPF 및 배양조건이 포도 Campbell Early의 기내생장과 순화 및 배지와 수분조건이 기외 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 포도의 기내배양시 배지 내 당농도를 30gL^-1로 하였을 때 신초의 길이와 엽면적이 증가하였고, 15gL^-1와 0gL^-1에서는 신초의 건물중에는 차이가 없었지만, 지하부의 생체중과 건물중은 감소하였다. PPF 100∼200㎛olm^-2s^-1에서 신초의 신장과 지상부의 생체중 및 건물중이 증가하였으며, 뿌리의 생체중과 건물중이 증가하는 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 기내에서 생육한 포도 식물체를 vermiculite, peatmoss, 그리고 perlite+ peatmoss (6:4)로 혼용한 배지에 이식했을 때, 순화 초기에는 신초와 뿌리의 발달이 peatmoss, perlite+ peatmoss 배지에서 증가하였으나, 순화 후기로 갈수록 peatmoss에 심겨진 식물체가 vermiculite와 perlite+ peatmoss(6:4)로 혼용한 배지의 식물체보다 지상부와 지하부의 생육이 저조하였다. perlite+ peatmoss 혼용배지의 식물체는 신초의 길이, 생체중, 그리고 엽수가 가장 많이 증가하였다. Photomixotrophic 조건이 Photomixotrophic이나 heterotrophic에 비해 유묘의 생장, 생체중, 건물중이 높았고, 지하부는 photoautotrophic에 비해 당을 포함한(3%) 처리구에서 생육이 좋았다. Photomixotrophic, photoautotrophic의 처리구에서 엽록소 a, b, a+b의 함량, 생존율, 그리고 생체중과 건물중이 증가하였다. 식물체의 이식 후 생육은 Photomixotrophic 생장한 식물체가 photoautotrophic과 heterotrophic 처리에서 생장한 식물체에 비해 좋았다. 순화 기간 내 식물체의 CO_2 uptake, 기공전도도, 증산율과 Fv/Fm는 증가하였다. Photomixotrophic와 photoautotrophic 처리구에서 생장한 식물체의 잎의 sucrose와 starch 함량이 순화 후 15일까지 증가하였고, 그 후 급격한 증가는 보이지 않고, 소폭으로 감소하거나 증가하였다. 순화를 거친 포도 식물체를 상토, 모래+상토의 배양토에 정식했을 때, FV/Fm은 건조 스트레스를 받는 식물체에서 재관수를 하기까지 일정하게 감소한 반면에 수분공급이 잘 된 처리구에서 Fv/Fm값은 일정하게 유지되었다. 상대수분함량(RWC)은 건조스트레스를 받은 잎에서 감소하였고 재관수 후 약간 회복되었다. 기공의 크기와 수는 건조스트레스를 받은 식물체의 잎이 그렇지 않는 처리에 비해 감소하였고 기공도 닫혀 있었으며, 재관수 실시 후 기공의 수와 크기가 증가하였다. 배지의 함수량은 일반 상토에 비해 상토에 모래를 혼합한 토양이 높았으며, 건조 스트레스를 가했을 경우 모래를 혼합한 상토의 식물체가 잎의 상대수분함량이 높게 나타내었다. Effect of sucrose concentration, PPF, and phototrophic condition on in vitro growth of 'Campbell Early' grape, and the response of in vitro-grown plantlets to various media and water stress was investigated. Shoot growth and leaf area increased in media supplemented with 30gL^-1 sucrose, while fresh and dry weight of root decreased in media with 0 or 15gL^-1 sucrose. Shoot dry weight was not affected by sucrose concentration. PPF of 100 to 200㎛olm^-2s^-1 increased the shoot length and shoot fresh and dry weight, while root fresh and dry weight tended to increase without significant difference. When in vitro-grown plantlets were transplanted to various media, peatmoss and perlite+peatmoss favored the growth early stage of acclimation (to 12days after transplanting), but the growth of plants planted on vermiculite and perlite+peatmoss surpassed that of peatmoss in later stage of acclimation(from 13 to 30 days after transplanting). The highest shoot growth and plant fresh weight, and leaf number were achieved with perlite+peatmoss medium. Plant growth and plant fresh and dry weight were better in photomixotrophic condition than photoautotrophic or heterotrophic condition, while root growth was favored with heterotrophic or photomixotrophic condition. CO_2enrichment increased the chlorophyⅡ content (a, b, a+b), survival rate, and fresh and Dry weight. Ex vitro growth of photomixotrophically grown plantlets was much better than grown under photoautotrophic or heterotrophic condition. CO_2 uptake, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) of plants grown under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic condition were increased during acclimation. Leaf sucrose and starch content of plants grown under photomixotrophic or photoautotrophic condition showed a gradual increase till 15 days of acclimation, then slightly fluctuated with the new leafing. When grape plantlets were planted on new soil after acclimation, the Fv/Fm ratio of water stressed-plantlets showed a gradual decrease till rewatering, while that of well-watered plantlets was constant. Relative water content(RWC) was decreased in water stressed plantlets, and was slowly recovered by rewatering. The size and number of stomata were decreased, and the stomata were closed in water stressed plantlets, and the size and number of stomata were recovered slowly with rewatering. Water content was higher in commercial soil mix+sand than commercial soil mix alone, and leaf RWC was also high in commercial soil mix+sand when water stressed.

스펙트럼 변이를 이용한 Soft Decision 기반의 음성향상 기법

최재훈(Jae-Hun Choi),장준혁(Joon-Hyuk Chang),김남수(Nam-Soo Kim) 大韓電子工學會 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.47 No.5

본 논문에서는 비정상적인 배경 잡음 환경에서 음성향상을 위한 신호의 스펙트럼 변이 (Spectral Deviation)을 적용한 Soft Decision 기반의 잡음전력 수정 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 Soft Decision 기반의 잡음전력 추정에 있어서 잡음신호의 정상성(Stationarity)을 가정한 스무딩 파라미터를 사용하여 잡음전력을 추정하고 갱신하였지만, 잡음신호의 주파수적인 특성이 상대적으로 빠르게 변하는 비정상적인 환경에서는 강인하지 못한 단점을 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 신호의 스펙트럼 변이를 추정하여 정상적인 잡음 환경과 비정상적인 잡음 환경에 따라 적응적으로 잡음전력을 추정하고 갱신하여 잡음신호에 의해 오염된 음성신호를 향상시킨다. 제안된 알고리즘은 다양한 배경 잡음 환경에서 객관적인 음질측정 방법인 ITU-T P.862 perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ)에 의해서 평가되었으며, 기존의 Soft Decision 기반의 음성 향상 기법과 비교하여 보다 향상된 성능을 보여주었다 In this paper, we propose a new approach to noise estimation incorporating spectral deviation with soft decision scheme to enhance the intelligibility of the degraded speech signal in non-stationary noisy environments. Since the conventional noise estimation technique based on soft decision scheme estimates and updates the noise power spectrum using a fixed smoothing parameter which was assumed in stationary noisy environments, it is difficult to obtain the robust estimates of noise power spectrum in non-stationary noisy environments that spectral characteristics of noise signal such as restaurant constantly change. In this paper, once we first classify the stationary noise and non-stationary noise environments based on the analysis of spectral deviation of noise signal, we adaptively estimate and update the noise power spectrum according to the classified noise types. The performances of the proposed algorithm are evaluated by ITU-T P. 862 perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) under various ambient noise environments and show better performances compared with the conventional method.

가토 외고정 모델을 이용한 치밀체형 세라믹스의 골결합능 평가

이재협,이동호,이재학,공현식,안영준,류현승,서준혁,홍국선,김환,장봉순,이춘기 대한정형외과연구학회 2003 대한정형외과연구학회지 Vol.6 No.2