The Role of Adenosine Receptors on Acetylcholine Release in the Rat Striatum

Do Kyung Kim,Hyeon A Kim,Bong Kyu Choi 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.1 No.1

<P> As it has been reported that the depolarization induced acetylcholine (ACh) release is modulated by activation of presynaptic A<SUB>1</SUB> adenosine heteroreceptor and various evidence suggest that indicate the A<SUB>2</SUB> adenosine receptor is present in the striatum, this study was undertaken to delineate the role of adenosine receptors on the striatal ACh release. <P> Slices from the rat striatum were equilibrated with [<SUP>3</SUP>H]choline and then the release amount of the labelled product, [<SUP>3</SUP>H]ACh, which was evoked by electrical stimulation (rectangular pulses, 3 Hz, 2 ms, 24 mA, 5 Vcm<SUP>-1</SUP><SUB>, </SUB>2 min), was measured, and the influence of various agents on the evoked tritium outflow was investigated. And also, quantitative receptor autoradiography and drug-receptor binding assay were performed in order to confirm the presence and characteristics of A<SUB>1</SUB> and A<SUB>2</SUB> adenosine receptors in the rat striatum. <P> Adenosine (10∼100 ㄍM) and N<SUP>6</SUP>-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 1∼100 ㄍM) decreased the [<SUP>3</SUP>H]ACh release in a dose-dependent manner without changing the basal rate of release in the rat striatum. The reducing effects of ACh release by adenosine and CPA were abolished by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 2 ㄍM), a selective A<SUB>1</SUB> adenosine receptor antagonist, treatment. The effect of adenosine was potentiated markedly by 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 10 ㄍM), a specific A<SUB>2</SUB> adenosine receptor antagonist. 2-P-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamimo-5 -N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride (CGS-21680C), in concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 ㄍM, a recently introduced potent A<SUB>2</SUB> adenosine receptor agonist, increased the [<SUP>3</SUP>H]ACh release in a dose related fashion without changing the basal rate of release. These effects were completely abolished by DMPX (10 ㄍM). In autoradiography experiments, [<SUP>3</SUP>H]2-chloro-N<SUP>6</SUP>-cyclopentyladenosine ([<SUP>3</SUP>H]CCPA) bindings were highly localized in the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. Additionally, lower levels of binding were found in the striatum. However, [<SUP>3</SUP>H]CGS-21680C bindings were highly localized in the striatal region with the greatest density of binding found in the caudate nucleus and putamen. Lower levels of binding were also found in the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle. In drug-receptor binding assay, binding of [<SUP>3</SUP>H]CCPA to A<SUB>1</SUB> adenosine receptors of rat striatal membranes was inhibited by CPA (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 1.6 nM) and N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, K<SUB>i</SUB> = 12.9 nM), but not by CGS-21680C (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 2609.2 nM) and DMPX (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 19,386 nM). In contrast, [<SUP>3</SUP>H]CGS-21680C binding to A<SUB>2</SUB> adenosine receptors was inhibited by CGS-21680C (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 47.6 nM) and NECA (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 44.9 nM), but not by CPA (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 2099.2 nM) and DPCPX (K<SUB>i</SUB> = 19,207 nM). <P> The results presented here suggest that both types of A<SUB>1</SUB> and A<SUB>2</SUB> adenosine heteroreceptors exist and play an important role in ACh release in the rat striatal cholinergic neurons.

소화기 ; 대전 지역에서 급성 A형 간염의 유전자형에 따른 임상 특성 고찰

이영우 ( Young Woo Lee ),양현웅 ( Hyeon Woong Yang ),이진아 ( Jin A Lee ),윤기호 ( Ki Ho Yun ),양성은 ( Seong Eun Yang ),이민지 ( Min Ji Lee ),박세영 ( Se Young Park ),김새희 ( Sae Hee Kim ),이향이 ( Hyang Ie Lee ),이윤정 ( Yun Ju 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회지 Vol.80 No.5

목적: B형 간염이나 C형 간염 등은 유전자형에 따른 차이가 알려져 있지만, 국내에서 증가하는 IIIA 유전자형과 기존의 IA 유전자형에 의한 간염의 차이가 거의 알려진 바 없다. 따라서 대전 지역에서 발생한 급성 A형 간염의 유전자형에 따른 차이를 알고자 한다. 방법: 2009년 11월부터 2010년 6월까지 급성 A형 간염으로 진단되면서 유전자형이 확인된 81명의 환자를 대상으로 임상적 소견들과 검사실 소견들을 전향적으로 연구하였다. 결과: 평균 나이는 32.6±7.4세이며, 평균 입원 기간은 7.7±2.4일이었다. 직업은 서비스직, 사무직 그리고 교육직이 가장 많았다. 유전자형 간의 급성 간염에 따른 증상들의 종류는 별다른 차이가 없었다. 유전자형에 따른 증상의 빈도는 IIIA 유전자형에서 구토와 설사가, IA 유전자형에서는 복통과 피부 반점이 상대적으로 많았다. 검사실 소견에서는 IIIA 유전자형에서 헤모글로빈의 평균, CRP 평균, AST 최대 수치 평균은 상대적으로 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 AST와 ALT 및 총 빌리루빈 최대 수치들과 INR의 수치가 IIIA 유전자형에서 상대적으로 높게 분포하는 경향을 보였다. 결론: 대전 지역에서 유행하는 급성 A형 간염에서 IIIA 유전자형에 따른 급성 간염은 기존의 IA 유전자형과 차이가 있을 것으로 보이며, 다기관 연구를 통한 심도 깊은 연구가 필요하겠다. Background/Aims: Acute viral hepatitis A is a major health problem in Korea and the influx of genotype IIIA is thought to be one reason. We examined the differences in the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of genotypes IA and IIIA in Daejeon. Methods: From November 2009 to June 2010, 81 patients positive for IgM anti-HAV were enrolled prospectively. The hepatitis A was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The clinical characteristics and laboratory results were compared on the Results: The mean patient age was 32.6±7.4 years. The mean hospitalization was 7.7±2.4 days. The patient occupation varied. Clinically, vomiting and diarrhea were relatively more prevalent in genotype IIIA than in IA. Abdominal pain and skin spots were relatively more prevalent in genotype IA than in IIIA. The hemoglobin, peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level, and C-reactive protein were statistically higher in genotype IIIA than in IA. The distributions of the peak AST, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin values tended to be perched in genotype IIIA than in IA. The international normalized ratio (INR) tended to be slightly prolonged in genotype IIIA than in IA. Conclusions: Recently, genotype IIIA of acute viral hepatitis A has become prevalent in Daejeon. Hepatitis A genotype IIIA probably causes worse laboratory abnormalities than genotype IA.

Losartan Reduces Remodeling and Apoptosis in an Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy Rat Model

Kim Hyeon A,김관창,Lee Hyeryon,홍영미 대한심장혈관흉부외과학회 2023 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.56 No.5

Background: The use of Adriamycin (ADR), also known as doxorubicin, as a chemotherapy agent is limited by its detrimental adverse effects, especially cardiotoxicity. Recent studies have emphasized the crucial role of angiotensin II (Ang-II) in the development of ADR-induced cardiomyopathy. This study aimed to explore the potential cardioprotective effects of losartan in a rat model of ADR-induced cardiomyopathy. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (group C), an ADR-treated group (ADR 5 mg/kg/wk for 3 weeks via intraperitoneal injections; group A), and co-treatment of ADR with losartan group (same dose of ADR and losartan; 10 mg/kg/day per oral for 3 weeks; group L). Western blot analysis was conducted to demonstrate changes in brain natriuretic peptide, collagen 1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (Bcl)- 2, Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), and caspase-3 protein expression levels in left ventricular (LV) tissues from each group. Results: Losartan administration reduced LV hypertrophy, collagen content, and the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and MMP-2 in LV tissue. In addition, losartan led to a decrease in the expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 and an increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, losartan treatment induced a reduction in the apoptotic area compared to group A. Conclusion: In an ADR-induced cardiomyopathy rat model, co-administration of ADR with losartan presented cardioprotective effects by attenuating LV hypertrophy, pro-inflammatory factors, and apoptosis in LV tissue.

The association between prion proteins and Aβ1-42 oligomers in cytotoxicity and apoptosis

Hyeon, Jae Wook,Kim, Su Yeon,Park, Jun Sun,Choi, Bo Yeong,Lee, Sol Moe,Ju, Young Ran,An, Seong Soo A.,Kim, Chi-Kyeong Elsevier 2012 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.424 No.2

<P>Misfolding of prion protein (PrP to PrPSc) can cause neurodegenerative prion diseases. As a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane protein, the normal form of PrP (PrPC) can function as a receptor for ligands in the extracellular space. PrPC was suggested to be involved in memory, synaptic neuronal communication, and anti-oxidation as a neuroprotective agent. The recently identified interaction between PrPC and Aβ(1-42) oligomers suggested another role for PrP as a receptor for Aβ(1-42) oligomers, thereby influencing cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Here, the association between PrPC and Aβ(1-42) oligomers was investigated by visualizing protein localization in neuronal cells by immunocytochemistry. Aβ(1-42) oligomer-induced cytotoxicity was tested in respective expressions of PrPC by using mouse neuroblastoma-2a (N2a) cells, the prion protein overexpressed cells (L2-2B1), and a Prnp-null mouse hippocampal cell line (HpL 3-4). Moreover, apoptotic proteins such as caspase-8 were used to assess the effect of PrPC on Aβ(1-42) oligomer-mediated apoptosis. In L2-2B1 and HpL 3-4 cells, the difference in the cytotoxicity of Aβ(1-42) oligomers could be clearly distinguished. In addition, Aβ(1-42) oligomers induced mitochondria dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and calcium influx PrPC-dependently. Apoptosis, related to mitochondria dysfunction, was further investigated to determine the cytotoxic pathway; the results suggest that PrPC could be involved in both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Finally, cells with abundant PrPC expression seemed to be more susceptible to Aβ(1-42) oligomer toxicity, suggesting the importance of the level of PrPC expression in the induction of apoptosis.</P>

A Study on Enterovirus Genotypes in Busan, Korea from 2017 to 2022

Nam-Ho Kim,Young-A Jung,Hyeon-Jeong Kwon,Han-Nwi You,이승주 대한미생물학회 2023 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.53 No.2

Human enteroviruses (HEV) are pathogens that cause a wide variety of clinicalillness such as a hand-foot-mouth disease, herpangina, skin rash, encephalitis,aseptic meningitis and even death in young children. This study was aimed toinvestigate the prevalence of HEV infection in young children in Busan, Korea andanalyze the various genotypes of enterovirus. We collected the stool, throat swaband cerebrospinal fluid samples from admitted pediatrics from 2017 to 2022. HEV detection and genotype identification were performed by real-time RT-PCRand RT-PCR and phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor-joining methodcompared with reference strains. A total of 1,412 samples were collected and128 cases (9.1%) were detected. Based on partial VP1 sequencing, a total 93enterovirus isolates were resolved into 4 genotypes and 18 serotypes; Humanenterovirus A, B, D (HEV-A, B, D) and Rhinovirus. HEV-A is 30 isolates included 7serotypes, HEV-B is 63 isolates included 10 serotypes, HEV-D is 1 isolates included1 serotypes and Rhinovirus is 5 isolated included 3 serotypes. Prevalent serotypewas coxsakievirus A10 in 2017, coxsakievirus B5 in 2018, Echovirus 30 in 2019. Thetemporal distribution of HEV epidemics in Busan showed a remarkable seasonalpattern, from June to September. The genotypes of circulating enteroviruseswere diverse from year to year and most of the sequences circulated in Busanshowed homology with reference sequences in neighboring countries such asChina. Monitoring and genotyping of these enteroviruses will play a role inpreventing the development of serious diseases caused by enteroviruses andgenotype analysis can be used as a basic data for epidemiological studies.

Estrogen Receptor-${\alpha}$ 유전자 5' 영역의 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism의 탐색과 한우와 Holstein에서 번식능력 및 산유능력과의 관계

염규태,전향아,박해금,김영신,김현,김재환,성환후,조영무,조재현,고응규,Yeom, Gyu-Tae,Jeon, Hyang-A,Park, Hae-Geum,Kim, Young Sin,Kim, Hyun,Kim, Jae Hwan,Seong, Hwan-Hoo,Cho, Young Moo,Cho, Jae-Hyeon,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu 한국동물번식학회 2014 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.38 No.3

This study was conducted for SNPs in the 5'-regions of estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ (ESR-${\alpha}$), and association with calving interval (CI), service per conception (SPC) and 305 days milk yield in Hanwoo and Holstein dairy cattle. The genetic improvement was incurred low reproduction performance. The objective of this study was to investigate connections between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of Estrogen receptor-${\alpha}$ (ESR-${\alpha}$) with reproduction performance (calving interval, service per conception, and 305 d milk yield) in Hanwoo and Holstein dairy cattle. Hanwoo and Holstein blood samples were collected from 183 and 124 dam of breeding farms and DNA was extracted. Primer design was based on NCBI GenBank (Accession No. AY340579). The PCR-RFLP method with Bgl I was used to genotype the cattle. The result showed two variants of the ESR-${\alpha}$ gene. The Bgl I cut the 492 bp amplification product into 322 bp and 170 bp fragments for allele G, while allele A remained uncut, resulting in two restriction fragments for homozygote G/G and three fragments for heterozygote A/G. We found two of different genotypes in these breeds, A/G and G/G. In Hanwoo, the A/G genotype frequency was 0.13, and G/G was 0.87. The CI of A/G was $382.18{\pm}10.03$ days, and G/G was $381.69{\pm}5.22$ days. The SPC of A/G was $1.62{\pm}0.16$, and G/G was $1.32{\pm}0.04$. While CI showed no significance difference, SPC exhibited significant difference (p<0.05). In Holstein cattle, the frequency of genotype A/G was 0.02 and G/G was 0.98. The 305 days milk yield of A/G was $7,253.00{\pm}936.00kg$ and of G/G was $8,747.51{\pm}204.88kg$, showing no significant difference.

식품영양학 전공자를 위한 인턴십 교육 프로그램 개선방안

주나미,윤지영,김옥선,정현아,박상현,고영주,조기원 한국식생활문화학회 2005 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of current dietetic internship program. The survey sample was dietetic practitioners who were charged with a training for dietetic students. The questionnaire requested information about demographic information, experience of guidance for the dietetic student, self evaluation as trainer, fortification items in university education, and difficulties of the internship program. Data was analyzed using SAS for windows(version 6.12), Descriptive statistics were used such as means. standard deviations. frequency distribution and percentages. Comparison of mean differences was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Participants identified how effective the current internship program was. Result indicated that the effectiveness was not high(2.81), and under 29 years old age group, under 6 years work experience group. and contracted foodservice group had positive opinion of the program significantly. Under 29 years old age group, evaluated themselves as a good trainer. The results revealed that respondents wanted to be fortified the practical training courses in school curriculum.

Children′s Preferences for the Dishes Offered by School Lunch Programs

Kim, Hyeon-A,Kim, Yoo-Kyeong The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.4

To evaluate the school lunch program served by elementary schools in Muan, Korea, we examined children's preference for the dishes offered on the menus. School lunch program menus showing the food composition of 400 meals (100 meals in each season) were collected. The serving frequency of each dish on the menus was counted. Eighty-seven representative dishes were selected based on the serving frequency and preference for each dish was determined by a survey of 414 elementary school students who were served by the school lunch program. We also analyzed the nutrient contents of each representative dish. Among the prepared foods, children indicated the highest preference for desserts. Steamed rice was served more frequently as a main course than one dish meals, although children preferred one dish meals to steamed rice. Among side dishes, those that were deep-fried were the most preferred. Children indicated high preference for fruits, milk, and eggs, and low preference for fish and clams, vegetables, and beans. The serving frequency with which main courses, soups, and side dishes were served showed no correlation with children's preference for each. Preference for dishes correlated positively with nutrient contents of calories and lipids, but negatively with nutrient contents of fiber, calcium and vitamin A. According to these results we can suggest that dietitian should consider children's preference into greater consideration to increase menu acceptability and thereby reduce waste. Children need to be educated about the roles and contents of nutrients in food and the fact that preference for foods affects nutrient intake.

Children's Preferences for the Dishes Offered by School Lunch Programs

Hyeon-A Kim,Yoo Kyeong Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.8 No.4

To evaluate the school lunch program served by elementary schools in Muan, Korea, we examined children's preference for the dishes offered on the menus. School lunch program menus showing the food composition of 400 meals (100 meals in each season) were collected. The serving frequency of each dish on the menus was counted. Eighty-seven representative dishes were selected based on the serving frequency and preference for each dish was determined by a survey of 414 elementary school students who were served by the school lunch program. We also analyzed the nutrient contents of each representative dish. Among the prepared foods, children indicated the highest preference for desserts. Steamed rice was served more frequently as a main course than one dish meals, although children preferred one dish meals to steamed rice. Among side dishes, those that were deep-fried were the most preferred. Children indicated high preference for fruits, milk, and eggs, and low preference for fish and clams, vegetables, and beans. The serving frequency with which main courses, soups, and side dishes were served showed no correlation with children's preference for each. Preference for dishes correlated positively with nutrient contents of calories and lipids, but negatively with nutrient contents of fiber, calcium and vitamin A. According to these results we can suggest that dietitian should consider children's preference into greater consideration to increase menu acceptability and thereby reduce waste. Children need to be educated about the roles and contents of nutrients in food and the fact that preference for foods affects nutrient intake.

p-Anisaldehyde가 조골세포 분화에 미치는 영향

김경민 ․ 이도원 ․ 김현준 ․ 김아랑 ․ 장원구 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2018 産業技術硏究 Vol.29 No.2

p-Anisaldehyde is a natural fragrance extracted from Pimpinella anisum L., and used as a preservative. This study examined the effect of p-anisaldehyde on osteoblast differentiation. First, cytotoxicity tests were carried out after examining the concentrations that did not show toxicity to the cells. The expression of osteoblast differentiation marker gene was confirmed by RT-PCR and was not effective in the treatment with p-anisaldehyde alone. However, p-anisaldehyde decreased the expression levels of inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1), distalless related homeobox (Dlx5), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which are osteogenic differentiation marker genes, which are increased in osteogenic condition. alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was also confirmed by ALP staining that p-anisaldehyde reduced ALP activity. These results show that p-anisaldehyde is effective in reducing osteoblast differentiation.