Identification of a Novel SNP Associated with Meat Quality in C/EBP${\alpha}$ Gene of Korean Cattle

Shin, S.C.,Kang, M.J.,Chung, E.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.4

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$($C/EBP{\alpha}$) plays an important role in lipid deposition and adipocyte differentiation. In order to find genetic markers to improve the meat quality of Korean cattle, the bovine $C/EBP{\alpha}$ gene was chosen as a candidate gene to investigate its association with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified at position 271 (A/C substitution) of coding region in the $C/EBP{\alpha}$ gene. A PCR-RFLP procedure with restriction enzyme SmaI was developed for determining the marker genotypes. The frequencies of alleles C and A and were 0.374 and 0.626, respectively. The genotype frequencies for CC, AC and AA were 12.9, 49.0 and 38.1%, respectively, in Korean cattle population. The frequencies of genotype were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Association analysis indicated that the gene-specific SNP marker of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ showed a significant association with marbling score (p<0.05). The animals with AA genotype had higher marbling score than those with the AC or CC genotype. Although further studies are needed to validate our results, the $C/EBP{\alpha}$ gene could be useful as a genetic marker for carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle.

Campylobacter 장염에 대한 역학적 연구 - 1 . 사람 , 동물 , 식품 및 강물에 있어서 Campylobacter jejuni 의 분포와 분리주의 혈청형

강호조,김용환,정병곤,박종일 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1989 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.16 No.1

To investigate the epidemiological trait of gastroenteritis of human caused by C. jejuni isolation of etiological agent was carried out. Isolated C. jejuni were biotyped and serotyped. A total of 1929 specimens from 438 human, 182 milking cows, 200 cattle, 187 goats, 70 dogs, 426 pigs, 278 chickens, 148 duck, 50 raw milk, 110 chicken meat, 20 duck liver and 50 river water was examined for the presence of C. jejuni, and C. coli by direct plating and enrichment techniques. Isolation rates detected in human, animals food and water were as follows : human 0.796, ducks 54.7%, dogs 37.196, chickens 33.7%, goats 26.7%, cattle 25.5%, pigs 19.9% and milking cows 7.7%. The organism was isolated from 65% of 20 duck livers and from 2096 of 110 chicken west. Campylobacter was not recovered from raw river water. The majority of the isolated 201 strains of C. jejuni was classified as biotype I (53.7%) and biotype II (36.896). 117 strains of C. coli were 59.896 of biotype I , 40.1% biotype II. Isolated C. jejuni stranis showed 13 different serotype, and serotype 4, 5, 26 end 36 were most frequent. C. coli strains howed 7 different serotype, and serotype 21, 25 and 29 were relatively commom.

A Computer Simulation of the Four Charm Production and Fragmentation in e+e- Collisions

E. Won,Daekyoung Kang,H.C. Ha,J.H. Choi 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.II

Theoretical predictions of the rate of exclusive production of two charmonia in e+e. annihilation differ significantly from measurements by the Belle collaboration. Up to now, there has been no conclusive explanation for this substantial discrepancy. However, recent theoretical works have suggested that it may be possible to identify the origin of the discrepancy from a study of four charm inclusive events. We present necessary computational steps required for such an experimental study at B factories. Event generation of the reaction e+e. ! c.cc.c and the fragmentation of charm quarks are simulated. These two important computational steps provide all the information necessary to measure the total cross section of the four charm hadron final state at B factories.

NMR study of hydrogen exchange during the B-Z transition of a DNA duplex induced by the Zα domains of yatapoxvirus E3L

Lee, E.H.,Seo, Y.J.,Ahn, H.C.,Kang, Y.M.,Kim, H.E.,Lee, Y.M.,Choi, B.S.,Lee, J.H. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2010 FEBS letters Vol.584 No.21

The Yaba-like disease viruses (YLDV) are members of the Yatapoxvirus family and have double-stranded DNA genomes. The E3L protein, which is essential for pathogenesis in the vaccinia virus, consists of two domains: an N-terminal Z-DNA binding domain and a C-terminal RNA binding domain. The crystal structure of the E3L orthologue of YLDV (yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB>) bound to Z-DNA revealed that the overall structure of yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB> and its interaction with Z-DNA are very similar to those of hZα<SUB>ADAR1</SUB>. Here we have performed NMR hydrogen exchange experiments on the complexes between yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB> and d(CGCGCG)<SUB>2</SUB> with a variety of protein-to-DNA molar ratios. This study revealed that yabZα<SUB>E3L</SUB> could efficiently change the B-form helix of the d(CGCGCG)<SUB>2</SUB> to left-handed Z-DNA via the active-mono B-Z transition pathway like hZα<SUB>ADAR1</SUB>1.

Novel dentin phosphoprotein frameshift mutations in dentinogenesis imperfecta type II

Lee, K‐,E,Kang, H‐,Y,Lee, S‐,K,Yoo, S‐,H,Lee, J‐,C,Hwang, Y‐,H,Nam, KH,Kim, J‐,S,Park, J‐,C,Kim, J‐,W Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Clinical genetics Vol.79 No.4

<P>Lee K‐E, Kang H‐Y, Lee S‐K, Yoo S‐H, Lee J‐C, Hwang Y‐H, Nam KH, Kim J‐S, Park J‐C, Kim J‐W. Novel dentin phosphoprotein frameshift mutations in dentinogenesis imperfecta type II.</P><P>The dentin sialophosphoprotein (<I>DSPP</I>) gene encodes the most abundant non‐collagenous protein in tooth dentin and DSPP protein is cleaved into several segments including the highly phosphorylated dentin phosphoprotein (DPP). Mutations in the <I>DSPP</I> gene have been solely related to non‐syndromic form of hereditary dentin defects. We recruited three Korean families with dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) type II and sequenced the exons and exon–intron boundaries of the <I>DSPP</I> gene based on the candidate gene approach. Direct sequencing of PCR products and allele‐specific cloning of the highly repetitive exon 5 revealed novel single base pair (bp) deletional mutations (c.2688delT and c.3560delG) introducing hydrophobic amino acids in the hydrophilic repeat domain of the DPP coding region. All affected members of the three families showed exceptionally rapid pulp chambers obliteration, even before tooth eruption. Individuals with the c.3560delG mutation showed only mild, yellowish tooth discoloration, in contrast to the affected individuals from two families with c.2688delT mutation. We believe that these results will help us to understand the molecular pathogenesis of DGI type II as well as the normal process of dentin biomineralization.</P>

Hepatoprotective effect of vitamin C on lithocholic acid-induced cholestatic liver injury in Gulo(-/-) mice

Yu, S.J.,Bae, S.,Kang, J.S.,Yoon, J.H.,Cho, E.J.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, Y.J.,Lee, W.J.,Kim, C.Y.,Lee, H.S. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.762 No.-

<P>Prevention and restoration of hepatic fibrosis from chronic liver injury is essential for the treatment of patients with chronic liver diseases. Vitamin C is known to have hepatoprotective effects, but their underlying mechanisms are unclear, especially those associated with hepatic fibrosis. Here, we analyzed the impact of vitamin Con bile acid induced hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and lithocholic acid (LCA) induced liver injury in vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice, which cannot synthesize vitamin C similarly to humans. When Huh BAT cells were treated with bile acid, apoptosis was induced by endoplasmic retiiculum stress related JNK activation but vitamin C attenuated bile acid induced hepatocyte apoprosis in vitro. In our in vivo experiments. LCA feeding increased plasma marker of cholestasis and resulted in more extensive liver damage and hepatic fibrosis by more prominent apoptotic cell death and recruiting more intrahepatic inflammatory CD11b(+) cells in the liver of vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice compared to wild type mice which have minimal hepatic fibrosis. However, when vitamin C was supplemented to vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(-/-) mice, hepatic fibrosis was significantly attenuated in the liver of vitamin C-sufficient Gulo(-/-) mice like in wild type mice and this hepatoprotective effect of vitamin C was thought to be associated with both decreased hepatic apoptosis and necrosis. These results suggested that vitamin C had hepatoprotective effect against cholestatic liver injury. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

c-Jun N-terminal kinase has a pivotal role in the maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenicity in glioma stem-like cells

Yoon, C-H,Kim, M-J,Kim, R-K,Lim, E-J,Choi, K-S,An, S,Hwang, S-G,Kang, S-G,Suh, Y,Park, M-J,Lee, S-J Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012 Oncogene Vol.31 No.44

Uncovering the mechanisms that govern the maintenance of stem-like cancer cells is critical for developing therapeutic strategies for targeting these cells. Constitutive activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) has been reported in gliomas and correlates with histological grade. Here, we found that JNK signaling is crucial for the maintenance of ‘stemness’ in glioma cells. Sphere-cultured glioma cells showed more phosphorylation of JNK compared with serum-containing monolayer cultures. Importantly, blockade of JNK signaling with SP600125 or small interfering RNAs targeting JNK1 or JNK2 significantly reduced the CD133<SUP>+</SUP>/Nestin<SUP>+</SUP> population and suppressed sphere formation, colony formation in soft agar, and expression of stem cell markers in sphere-cultured glioma cells. Intriguingly, sphere-cultured glioma cells exhibited enhanced expression of Notch-2, but not Notch-1, -3 or -4, and JNK inhibition almost completely abrogated this increase. Blocking the phosphoinoside 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway with LY294002 or si-Akt also suppressed the self-renewal of sphere-cultured glioma cells. PI3K, but not Akt, had a role as an upstream kinase in JNK1/2 activation. In addition, treatment with si-JNK greatly increased etoposide- and ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cell death in glioma spheres. Consistent with glioma cell lines, glioma stem-like cells isolated from primary patient glioma cells also had a higher activity of JNK and Notch-2 expression. Importantly, inhibition of JNK2 led to a decrease of Notch-2 expression and suppressed the CD133<SUP>+</SUP>/Nestin<SUP>+</SUP> cell population in patient-derived primary glioma cells. Finally, downregulation of JNK2 almost completely suppressed intracranial tumor formation by glioma cells in nude mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that JNK signaling is crucial for the maintenance of self-renewal and tumorigenicity of glioma stem-like cells and drug/IR resistance, and can be considered a promising target for eliminating stem-like cancer cells in gliomas.

중·고등학교 여학생의 월경 전후기 불편감에 따른 월경태도 및 성 역할 고정관념의 관계

강슬기,김효민,박서희,백채영,심자영,우한빛,이빛나,이채은,홍지수 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2014 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.48

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide the basis for program helping adolescent girls to form correct attitude toward menstruation and gender role stereotype by identifying the relationship among menstrual distress, attitudes toward menstruation and gender role stereotype. Method: The 392 participants of this study were selected among students of 5 middle schools and 3 high schools located in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Data were collected from 16 September to 23 September, 2013. The students were asked to answer the questionnaires consisting of MDQ(Menstrual Distress Questionnaire), KGES-A(Korean Gender Egalitarianism Scales for Adolescents), and menstrual attitude measurement scale developed by Min in 2003. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and One way ANOVA were used to analyze the data with SPSS 21.0. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1. High school students were more vulnerable to pre and post menstrual discomfort and tend to accept menstruation statically than middle school students(p=.009). 2. Students who did not receive regular sexuality education had private attitudes toward menstruation(p=.002), were emotionally more sensitive(p=.002) than the other group. 3. Students, who had higher menstrual discomfort, were more emotionally sensitive toward menstruation(p<.001), had variety of menstrual symptoms(p<.001), actively managing menstrual symptoms(p<.001), and accepted menstruation statically(p=.002) than the lower group. 4. There was no statistically significant relationship between gender role stereotype and pre and post menstrual discomfort. Conclusion: It was suggested that effective education program should be developed and implemented periodically in order to help adolescent school girls to understand pre and post menstrual discomfort and manage menstrual symptoms by themselves. Also, professional and systematic studies should follow up with larger population and more specific general characteristics.

Molecular investigation of tick-borne pathogens in ticks from grazing cattle in Korea

Kang, S.W.,Doan, H.T.T.,Choe, S.E.,Noh, J.H.,Yoo, M.S.,Reddy, K.E.,Kim, Y.H.,Kweon, C.H.,Jung, S.C.,Chang, K.Y. Elsevier 2013 Parasitology international Vol.62 No.3

This study was carried out to identify the tick species that infest grazing cattle and to determine the presence of tick-borne pathogens transmitted by these ticks in Korea. A total of 903 ticks (categorized into 566 tick pools) were collected from five provinces during 2010-2011. The most prevalent tick species was Haemaphysalis longicornis, followed by three Ixodes spp. ticks. The collected ticks were infected with both rickettsial and protozoan pathogens. In all, 469 (82.9%) tick pools tested positive for the Anaplasma/Ehrlichia 16S rRNA gene, whereas 67 (11.8%) were positive for the Babesia/Theileria 18S rRNA gene. Among the rickettsial pathogens, E. canis was detected with the highest rate (22.3%), followed by A. platys (20%), E. chaffeensis (19.4%), E. ewingii (19.3%), Rickettsia sp. (12.4%), A. phagocytophilum (5.5%) and E. muris (0.5%). Among the protozoan pathogens, T. equi was detected with the highest rate (7.2%), followed by T. sergenti/T. buffeli (3.7%) and B. caballi (0.35%). Simultaneous infections with up to seven pathogens were also identified. In particular, ticks infected with rickettsial pathogens were also infected with protozoan pathogens (22 samples). All five provinces investigated infected with tick-borne pathogens.

돼지 대장에서 분리한 E.coli의 중금속 내성에 관한 연구

조창현,정욱진,이영수,최인실,강희옥,박남규,김명화,변미경,이현숙 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1993 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.1 No.1

돼지의 대장에서 서식하는 466개의 대장균 균주들을 분리하여, 중금속인 Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni 및Pb에 대한 저항성을 조사 하였다. 거의 대부분의 균주들이 이들 여섯가지 중금속 모두에 강한 저항성을 보였다. 이것은 우리 주위환경의 중금속 오염 정도가 심각하다는 것을 간접적으로 나타내는 것이다. Ag, Pb 및 Hg를 함유하고 있는 고체 배지에서 균주를 성장시켰을때, colony 색깔이 중금속 자체의 광택과 같은 색깔을 나타내는 점으로 보아, 이들 중금속에 대한 저항기작은 유해한 중금속 이온을 세포내 에서 무해한 금속 형태로 전환시켜 세포내에 축적시키는 기작임을 시사하였다. 그 중 가장 높은 저항성을 나타내는 isolate 385를 Ag와 Pb를 함유한 액체배지에서 각각 배양한 뒤 세포내 Ag와 Pb 축적량을 조사한 결과, 건조세포 무게당 0.72g Ag 및 0.23g Pb를 세포내에 축적하고 있었다. 따라서, 이 균주를 유전자 조작 등의 방법으로 개발 한다면 산업 폐수내에 존재하는 이 중금속들의 제거에 효율적으로 사용할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다. We isolated E.coli from porcine intestines and examined the resistances to various heavy-metals, Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Pb. The 466 isolates were resistant to the heavy-metals. Among them, 72.1% was survived in 1 mM AgNO₃, 9.3% in 80 mM AgNO₃, 95.9% in 0.6 mM Cd(NO₃)₂, 5.6% in 3 mN Cd(NO₃)₂. 95.9% in Cu(NO₃)₂, 48.5% in 0.2 mM HgCl₂, 3.4% in 0.6 mM HgCl₂, 64.4% in 5 mM NiCl₂ and 67.4% in 10 mM Pb(NO₃)₂. The isolate 385 was most resistant to silver and lead ions and the MICs of the ions were 80 mM and 11 mM, respectively. These resistances were inducible by Ag^+ and Pb^2+ ions. When isolate 385 grew in LB-agar plates containing AgNO₃ or Pb(NO₃)₂, the colony colors were changed from light yellow to deep brown. This change to brown color suggests that the resistances of 385 cells to Ag^+ and Pb^2+ ions were due to the reducing mechanism which converted them into the elementary metals(Ag^0, Pb^0) after the uptake of the ions into the cells. The resistant cells accumulated 0.72gr of Ag^0 and 0.23gr of Pb^0 per cells dry wt.