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Increased Nephrotoxicity after Combined Administration of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid in Rats
Dongsun Park,Tae Kyun Kim,Young Jin Choi,Sun Hee Lee,Dae-Kwon Bae,Goeun Yang,Yun-Hui Yang,Seong Soo Joo,Ehn-Kyoung Choi,Byeongwoo Ahn,Jong-Choon Kim,Kil-Soo Kim,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2011 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.27 No.1
Renal toxicity by melamine in combination with cyanuric acid (1:1) was investigated. Male rats were orally administered melamine plus cyanuric acid (5, 50 or 400 ㎎/㎏ each) for 3 days. In contrast to a negligible effect by melamine alone (50 ㎎/㎏, a no-observed-adverse-effect-level: NOAEL), coadministration with cyanuric acid markedly increased the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as kidney weight. A high dose (400 ㎎/㎏) of melamine plus cyanuric acid induced more severe kidney toxicity. The increased blood parameters for kidney toxicity and organ weight lasted longer than 4 days. Combined treatment with melamine and cyanuric acid (50?400 ㎎/㎏ each) resulted in many gold-brown crystals and toxic lesions in renal tubules, which were not observed in animals treated with melamine alone (50 mg/kg). These results indicate that only a 3-day exposure to melamine in combination with cyanuric acid causes severe renal damage, even at a NOAEL for melamine found in a 13-week toxicity study. Therefore, it is suggested that the tolerable daily intake or regulatory/management levels of melamine need to be re-considered for cases of co-exposure with cyanuric acid.
Development of a SWAT Patch for Better Estimation of Sediment Yield in Steep Sloping Watersheds
Kim, Jong-Gun,Park, Younshik,Yoo, Dongsun,Kim, Nam-Won,Engel, Bernard A.,Kim, Seong-joon,Kim, Ki-Sung,Lim, Kyoung Jae Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2009 Journal of the American Water Resources Associatio Vol.45 No.4
Preventive effect of piperonyl butoxide on cyclophosphamide-induced teratogenesis in rats
Park, Dongsun,Kim, Sunghyun,Kang, Hyomin,Oh, Jiyoung,Jang, Ja Young,Shin, Sunhee,Kim, Tae Kyun,Choi, Young Jin,Lee, Sun Hee,Kim, Ki-Yon,Joo, Seong Soo,Kim, Yun-Bae Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and Vol.86 No.5
<P>BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide induces fetal defects through metabolic activation by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (CYP). The effects of piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a CYP inhibitor, on the fetal development and external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities induced by cyclophosphamide were investigated in rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were daily administered PBO (400 mg/kg) by gavage for 7 days (the 6th to 12th day of gestation), and intraperitoneally administered with cyclophosphamide (12 mg/kg) 4 h after the final treatment. On the 20th day of gestation, maternal and fetal abnormalities were determined by Cesarean section. RESULTS: Cyclophosphamide reduced fetal body weights by 30–40% without increasing resorption or death. In addition, it induced malformations in live fetuses: 100, 98, and 98.2% of the external (head and limb defects), visceral (cerebroventricular dilatation, cleft palate, and renal pelvic/ureteric dilatation), and skeletal (acrania, vertebral/costal malformations, and delayed ossification) abnormalities, respectively. The pre-treatment of PBO greatly decreased mRNA expression and activity of hepatic CYP2B, which metabolizes cyclophosphamide into teratogenic acrolein and cytotoxic phosphoramide mustard. Moreover, PBO remarkably attenuated cyclophosphamide-induced body weight loss and abnormalities of fetuses; score 3.57 versus 1.87 for exencephaly, 75.5% versus 42.5% for limb defects, 65.3% versus 22% for cerebroventricular dilatation, 59.2% versus 5.1% for cleft palate, score 1.28 versus 0.93 for renal pelvic/ureteric dilatation, 71.9–82.5% versus 23–45.9% for vertebral/costal malformations, and 84.2% versus 57.4% for delayed ossification in cyclophosphamide alone and PBO co-administration groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that repeated treatment with PBO may improve cyclophosphamide-induced body weight loss and malformations of fetuses by down-regulating CYP2B. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 86:402–408, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
Contact Formation Between Ag and Si With Lead-Free Frits in Ag Pastes For Si Solar Cells
김동선(Kim, Dongsun),황성진(Hwang, Seongjin),김종우(Kim, Jongwoo),이정기(Lee, Jungki),김형순(Kim, Hyungsun) 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.06
Ag thick-film has usually been used for the front electrode of Si solar cells with the outstanding electrical properties. Ag paste consists of Ag powers, vehicles, frits and additives. Ag paste has broadly been screen-printed on the front side of Si wafer with the merits of low cost and simplicity. The optimal contact formation between Ag electrodes and Si wafer in the front electrode during a fast firing has been considered as the key factor for high efficiency. Although the content of frit in Ag pastes is less than 5wt%, it can profoundly influence the contact formation between Ag and Si under the fast firing. In this study, the effects of lead-free frits on the contacts between Ag and Si were studied with the thermal properties and compositions of various frits. Our experimental results showed that the electrical properties of cells were related to the interface structures between Ag and Si. It was found that current path of electrons from Si to Ag would be possible through the tunneling mechanism assisted by tens of nano-Ag recrystals on n^+ emitter as well as Ag recrystals penetrated into n^+ emitter layers. These preliminary studies will be helpful for designing the proper frits for the Ag pastes with considering the properties of various Si wafers.
Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Carnitine in Rabbits
Yun-Bae Kim, Dongsun Park, Dajeong Kim, Jangbeen Kyung, Yun-Hui Yang, Ehn-Kyoung Choi 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.1
Effects of carnitine on atherosclerosis and steatosis of hypercholesterolemic rabbits induced by a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 0.5% cholesterol and 2.0% corn oil were investigated. Male New Zealand white rabbits with hypercholesterolemia (blood cholesterol 1,000-1,500 mg/dl) induced by two-week feeding a HCD, were fed a HCD containing 0.008 or 0.075% L-carnitine for an additional eight weeks. Feeding a HCD for 10 weeks resulted in severe atheromatous change, covering 55.7% of the aortic walls, in addition to profound hepatic steatosis. However, carnitine supplementation resulted in recovery of the increased low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides and a decrease in the levels of high-density lipoproteins following HCD feeding, although the increased cholesterol concentration was not potentially attenuated. Notably, carnitine induced a marked reduction of the atheroma area and hepatic lipid accumulation as well as lipid peroxidation. The results of this study indicated that carnitine exerted anti-atherosclerotic and fatty liver-preventing activities through blockade of lipid peroxidation and regulation of lipid metabolism.
Comparative Effectiveness of Distilled Water and Isotonic Saline in a Rat Model of Dry Eye
Tae Myoung Kim, Jae Myun Ryu, Im Kwon Seo, Dongsun Park, Sun Hee Lee, Dae-Kwon Bae, Goeun Yang, Yun-Hui Yang, Tae Kyun Kim, Ehn-Kyoung Choi, Seock-Yeon Hwang, Yun-Bae Kim 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2010 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.11 No.4
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