현대패션에 표현된 스트라이프패턴의 이미지 분석

신주동(Ju Dong Shin) · 김희숙(Hee Sook Kim) · 최종명(Jong Myoung Choi) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the image of stripe pattern expressed in contemporary fashion. For this research, the fashion magazines, Dong-a TV, Internet sites were used as references. In the middle age, the use of stripe pattern was banned because it was regarded as the pattern of the devil in Europe. But nowadays the stripe pattern plays the role of symbolizing health, youth, and personality. The stripe pattern is being used in various kinds of patterns like alternate stripe, block stripe, candy stripe, chalk stripe, herringbone stripe, hombre stripe, pekin stripe, pin stripe, rope stripe, sports stripe, and stitch stripe. The stripe patterns were expressed by the techniques of weaving, printing, sewing, knitting, and embroidery. The image of stripe pattern appeared during 2006 S/S∼2008 S/S collections could be classified into five images of modern, mannish, elegant, exotic, and sporty image.

기존의 치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이 대장암 환자에서 방사선조사와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료의 1, 2상 임상시험

최영민(Youngmin Choi),이형식(Hyung-Sik Lee),권혁찬(Hyuk-Chan Kwon),한상영(Sang-Young Han),최종철(Jong-Cheol Choi),정주섭(Ju-Seop Chung),김창원(Chang-Won Kim),김동원(Dong-Won Kim),강치덕(Chi-Duk Kang) 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.2

목 적: 기존치료에 반응하지 않는 다발성 간전이를 동반한 대장암 환자에서 방사선치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역 치료의 독성과 반응도를 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 5월부터 2006년 11월까지 다발성 간전이가 동반된 대장암 환자들 중에서 항암화학 요법에 반응하지 않은 환자 중 지원자를 대상으로 연구를 시행하였다. 본 임상 시험에 대하여 동아대학교병원과 부산대학교병원의 임상윤리심의위원회의 허가를 획득하였고, 동의서에 서명한 환자들을 임상 시험의 대상으로 등록하였다. 환자의 말초 혈액으로부터 수지상세포를 추출하여 배양하였다. 임상시험 일자에 맞추어서 6×106개의 수지상세포를 바이알(0.5 ml)에 넣어서 디씨백/아이알 주사를 만들었다. 수지상세포 면역치료는 2주 간격으로 간전이암조직에 3회 주사하고, 5주에 내약성 평가를 하였다. 내약성 평가를 통과한 환자에게는 8주에 4번째 수지상세포 면 역치료를 하였다. 병의 악화가 없거나 임상시험에 대한 환자의 동의 철회가 없는 경우에는 5, 6번째 수지상세포면역치료를 각각 12, 16주에 시행하였다. 방사선치료는 수지상세포 면역치료를 주사할 간전이암 부위에 주사하기 전일 및 당일에 4 Gy씩을 조사하였다. 내약성 평가는 3×106개의 수지상세포로부터 시작하여, 12×106개의 수지상세포까지 시행하였다. 내약성 평가의 최대 내성 용량으로 추가 임상시험을 하였다. 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 맞은 모든 환자들에서 안전성 평가를 하였다. 4회 이상 주사를 맞은 환자들을 대상으로 10주에 치료 반응을 평가하여 유효성을 조사하였다. 결 과: 임상시험에 등록한 24명 중 22명에서 수지상세포 면역치료를 시행하였다. 내성약 평가에는 14명이 등록하여 11명에서 평가를 완료하였다. 시험약과의 관련성이 있을 것으로 생각되는 grade 3 이상의 약물반응으로 인한 이상반응은 없었다. 12×106개의 수지상세포를 내성용량으로 확인하였고, 내성용량인 12×106개 수지상세포 면역치료를 이용하여 8명에서 추가로 시험을 하였다. 치료에 대한 환자들의 내성은 양호하였고, grade 3을 초과하는 치명적인 부작용은 발생되지 않았다. 4회 이상의 수지상세포 면역치료 주사를 받은 환자가 17명이었고, 이 중의15명에서는 종양의 반응도 평가가 이루어졌다. 본 연구의 목적은 안전성 평가이지만, 면역치료의 유효성 평가를 위해, 방사선치료와 수지상세포 면역치료 주사가 시행된 부위 외의 간전이암에서 반응도를 조사 하였다. 면역치료의 반응은 평가가 이루어진 환자들에서 정지성 병변이 4명, 진행성 병변이 11명 이었다. 결 론: 수지상세포 면역치료와 병행한 방사선치료는 이론적으로 국소 및 전신 제어에 상승효과가 있을 것으로 기대할 수 있다. 하지만 기존 치료에 반응하지 않는 매우 진행된 직장암 환자들을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서는 방사선 치료와 병합한 수지상세포 면역치료로 인한 심각한 부작용의 발생은 없었다는 결과와 4예에서의 정지성 병변의 관찰을 보고한다. 수지상세포의 최대 투여 용량, 적절한 투여 방법, 적절한 방사선의 양, 방사선과 수지상 세포의적절한 투여 간격 등에 관한 추가 연구를 통하여, 향후 제 2상, 3상 시험으로서의 진행 여부에 긍정적인 결과를얻을 수 있다고 판단한다. Purpose: To assess the toxicity and tumor response induced by DCVac/IRⓇ dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy combined with irradiation for refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases. Materials and Methods: Between May 2004 and November 2006, applicants from a pool of refractory colorectal cancer patients with multiple liver metastases were enrolled. The patients were registered after having signed the informed consent form, which had been approved by the Institutional Review Board from the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. DCs were obtained from peripheral blood of each patient, and then cultured in vitro. A total of 6×106 DCs were packed into a vial (DCVac/IRⓇ, 0.5 ml) at the convenience of each patient’s schedule. On the day before and on the day of each vaccination, each patient received a 4 Gy radiation dose to the target tumor. On the day of vaccination, the indicated dose of autologous DCs was injected into the irradiated tumor using ultrasound-guided needle injection procedures. A total of four vaccinations were scheduled at three 2-week intervals and one 4 week interval at the Dong-A University and Busan National University Hospital. If the tumor status was deemed to be stable or responding to therapy, an additional vaccination dose or two was approved at 4 week intervals beyond the fourth immunization. A tolerance test for DCs was conducted by injecting a range of doses (3×106 to 12×106 DCs) after the 3rd injection. Moreover, the maximal tolerable dose was applied to additional patients. Treatment safety was evaluated in all patients who had at least one injection. Treatment feasibility was evaluated by the 10th week by assessing the response of patients having at least 4 injections. For systemic toxicities, the evaluation was performed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, whereas adverse effects were recorded using common WHO toxicity criteria. Results: Of the 24 registered patients, 22 received the DCs injections. Moreover, of the 14 patients that applied for the tolerance test, only 11 patients completed it because 3 patients withdrew their testing agreement. A grade 3 or more side effect, which was possibly related to the DC injection, did not occur in additional patients. The 12×106 DC injection was identified as the maximum tolerable dose, and was then injected in an additional 8 patients. Patients tolerated the injection fairly well, with no fatal side effects. In order to assess the feasibility of DC immunotherapy, the response was evaluated in other hepatic lesions outside of the targeted hepatic lesion. The response evaluation was performed in 15 of the 17 patients who received at least 4 injections. Stable and progressive disease was found in 4 and 11 patients, respectively. Conclusion: The DC-based immunotherapy and radiotherapy is theoretically synergistic for the local control and systemic control. The DCVac/IRⓇ immunotherapy combined with irradiation was tolerable and safe in the evaluated cases of refractory colorectal cancer with multiple liver metastases. Future work should include well designed a phase II clinical trials

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

중동분쟁과 나세리즘

최동주 한국아프리카학회 2002 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.16 No.-

This study purports to examine the role played by Nasserism as an integrative notion of nationalism in Middle East conflicts after the Second World War. Once we employ the terminology Nasserism for descriptive research on the Conflicts, we should not be free from recongizing both negative and positive roles of this ideology in a process of Arab integration. First, emergence and application of Nasserism for the Arab world culminated into the invitation of superpowers into the regional affairs to the larger extent than before. Secondly, Nasserism finally produced the region's ideological cleavage, since its assertion and introduction of socialism as basic political system was faced by strong measure of the US. Finally, the next-emerging Arab nationalism after Nasser, the so called 'Resource nationalism', very much appreciated Nasserism in a context of 'one Arab voice' not only toward the international political arena but also against the pre-existing international economic order, which were challenged by the South at the time and from then on.

인도, 태국, 필리핀의 아동노동 현황과 배경요인 : India, Thailand and the Philippines

최동주 한국동남아학회 2004 동남아시아연구 Vol.14 No.1

아동노동의 심각성은 아시아와 아프리카 지역에서 두드러져 세계 아동노동 인구의 90퍼센트 이상을 차지하고 있다. 특히 아시아·태평양 지역의 아동노동은 세계화의 물결 속에서 각 국가의 경제발전 단계나, 교육수준가 인프라의 구축 정도, 사회·문화적인 배경에 따라 그 유형이나 발생 배경이 매우 다양한 양태를 보여주고 있다. 본 연구의 분석대상인 인도, 태국, 필리핀의 경우에도 국가간 아동노동의 발생원인과 유형이 상이하게 나타나고 있을 뿐만 아이라, 한 국가 내에서도 지역간의 차이를 비롯하여 다양한 유형이 존재하고 있었다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 내용으로 이루어졌다. 2장에서는 비교분석의 설득력을 제고하기 위해 아동노동의 유형화 작업을 하였다. 3장에서는 본 연구가 설정한 세 가지 국가 사례를 현황중심으로 논의하였다. 개별국가의 활동주체들에 의해 이루어진 아동노동의 근절 프로그램의 내용들을 정리하고 이의 시현성을 중심으로 논의하였다. 4장에서는 3장 현황에 근거하여 아동노동의 원인을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 국가별로 상이한 아동노동에 대한 정의 및 노동조건의 문제를 설명하는 주요 변수들을 밝혀내고, 이러한 변수들이 근절방안에 어떻게 반영될 수 있는가 논의하였다. 현황을 중심으로 분석된 인도, 태국, 필리핀 등 3개 연구 대상국가의 아동노동 발생요인들 중 경제적 요인과 이로 인한 교육시스템 차원의 문제는 결국 개별 국가의 재정여건 및 경제발전의 정도와 직결되어 있기 때문에 단기적으로 해결할 수 있는 사안이 아니며, 물리적으로도 노동의 수급상황을 고려할 때 불가능하다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 지속적으로 요구되는 국제사회의 지원과 이에 부응하는 개별국가의 정책적 제도적 협력과 가치체계의 전환이 요구되는 사회문화적 요인들에 대한 개선 및 대응방안들은 충분히 가능하다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 서론의 아동노동 유형 분류상 Ⅰ과 Ⅲ의 경우, 경제적 개별국가에 대해 요구하는 아동노동의 필요성과 중요성이 상이하며, 경제적 의미에서는 부분적으로 국가의 생존을 위해 필요하다고 전제할 수도 있다는 점을 감안할 필요가 있다. 따라서 단기적인 대응의 경우 비공식적 영역에서의 아동노동의 지속적인 확산을 저지할 수 있는 차원에서의 정책적 고려가 가장 시급하다고 볼 수 있다. This study purports to examine the situation and background factors of child labor issues in Asia-p acific region. The cases has been focused onto the cause-effect analysis of chi ld labor issues in India, Thailand, and the Philippines. The situation differs from c ountry to country, but they share many of common causes of the aspects. Thes e include diminished situation in basic education, disharmony between governments, international organizations, and local and international NGOs. Various socio-econo mic backgrounds of the countries culminate into relative contrary in their soci al value and economic institutions, including social norms and economy-r elevant social rules. The most important element for a successful implemen tation of elimination of child labor issue of those countries is government's willing ness in every sector of backgrounds, education, legality, public campaign. and coordi native scheme with international institutions.

아프리카 내전과 쿠바개입의 배경에 대한 재조명 : 앙골라 내전을 중심으로

최동주 韓國아프리카學會 韓國外國語大學校 아프리카硏究所 共同 1996 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.8 No.-

현대국어 선어말 {-더-}의 의미에 대하여 : 마침법의 경우 In the Case of Sentence-Final Position

최동주 서울대학교 어학연구소 1994 語學硏究 Vol.30 No.1

There have been disagreements among scholars on the nature of the prefinal ending {-t??-} in Modern Korean. Based on the conviction that the meaning (function) of a grammatical morpheme should be defined by opposition, this paper argues that the basic meaning (function) of the prefinal {-t??-}, which has the opposition relation to {ø_2∼n??}, is 'the shift of the speaker's viewpoint; i.e., locating the speaker's viewpoint at the moment of experiencing the situation referred to'. The shift of the speaker's viewpoint can be analyzed into three elements, 1) reserving the moment of speech 2) shifting to the moment of experiencing the situation 3) referring to the situation itself at the moment of experiencing the situation. When one of these elements is highlighted in the context, {-t??-} may have contextual meaning. In relation to 1), {-t??-} can express the meaning of 'telling of the situation objectively (as he/she experienced it)', in relation to 2), the meaning of 'retrospection'; and in relation to 3), the meaning of 'perception and experience'. The shift of the speaker's viewpoint can have implicatures- 'not knowing the situation in detail', 'psychological distance', 'non-responsibility'-and these implicatures can also be explained in relation to the above elements, respectively. This paper argues that the so-called 'non-equi subject constraint' is the constraint on the shift of the speaker's viewpoint. For the shift of the viewpoint, perceptual experience must be presupposed. In the case of the speaker's action, the volition already lies in his/her consciousness before perception, so it is not a situation that the speaker perceives. Accordingly, there can be no shift of the viewpoint, and {-t??-} cannot be used in this case.

근치적 위절제술을 시행한 위암 환자에서 보조요법으로서 5-Fluorouracil, Epirubicin과 5-Epirubicil,Cisplatin의 복합화학요법의 효과 비교

최정혜,안명주,한동수,손주현,전용철,박훤겸,백홍규,이홍기,남영수 한양대학교 의과대학 2000 한양의대 학술지 Vol.20 No.2

To compare 5-fluorouracil plus epirubicin (FE) to 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin (FP) chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy for patients with resected gastric cancer. Between August 1995 and March 2000, 46 patients with completely resected gastric cancer received six courses of FE (5-fluorouracil 1000mg/m2/day, D2-D5, epirubicin 70mg/m2, D1) or FP (5-fluorouracil 1000mg/m2/day, D2-D5, cisplatin 70mg/m2, D1) chemotherapy. The 23 patients were assigned to each treatment group. A total of 127 courses of treatment were given both FE and FP group. The FP group tended to show more risk of overall death rate. But there were no differences between FE and FP groups in terms of overall survival or disease-free survival. Both treatment arms were generally well tolerated to chemotherapy. We concluded to be no significant differences between FE and FP groups in terms of overall survival or disease-free survival. To define the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma, further prospective randomized trials with large number of patients should be warranted.

유방암의 뇌하수체 전이에 의한 양안 시력소실 1 예

최낙원,안명주,김재민,박동우,박용욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2000 한양의대 학술지 Vol.20 No.1

Pituitary gland metastasis is a rare clinical diagnosis, usually made in the setting of known primary systemic cancer with widespread metastasis to other organs. But visual loss as a presenting symptom of metastasis to the pituitary gland is unusal. We report here a case of 45-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as having metastatic breast cancer involving bone and liver 2 years ago, and received high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, developed sudden bilateral complete visual loss. At initial presentation, the patient had no light perception and no pupillary response to light in both eyes, but without evidence of panhypopituitarism, or diabetes insipidus. Brain MRI showed a large enhanced mass invasion to the cavernous sinus and extension to the suprasella portion without dura or base-of-skull metastasis. Pathologic examination showed metastatic breast cancer. Despite the transsphenoidal decompression surgery of metastatic tumor, the visual loss was not improved.

알케인류 상변화물질의 열적 특성 해석

崔恩洙,鄭東柱 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.22 No.-

Abstract - The objective of the present study is to reveal thermal characteristics of various alkane phase-change-material which have high latent heat during phase change from solid to liquid. In order to analysis thermal characteristics of various phase-change-material, phase-change temperature and energy of various phase-change-material were measured by using differential scanning calorimeter. The phase-change-material slurries which are used in this study were paraffin particle, microcapsulated octadecane and microcapsulated lauric acid. The heating rate of differential scanning calorimeter and the size of phase-change-material were changed during phase-change temperature and energy measurement.