수종의 천연물이 원내감염균에 미치는 영향

문상은,이동근,김강주 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.6

To investigate the cross contamination in the dental clinic, Staphylococcus aureus, the pathogen in acute pyogenic infection and one of the important microbes causing nosocomial infection, was isolated from the mouth and anterior nare of healthy personnel and patients and the air in the dental clinic. The patterns of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated staphylococci were examined. The n-butanol and methanol extract of Caesalpinia sappan L. inhibited growth of the 15 MRSA isolates at the concentrations as low as 630 ㎍/㎖ and 310㎍/㎖. The antibacterial effect of volatile substances of C. boreale on the 15 MRSA isolates was shown at the concentration of 1.4 ㎕/㎖. However, the growth of 5 strains of MRSA was not inhibited at the concentration of 1.4 ㎕/㎖. The antibacterial effect of berberine on 20 strains of MRSA was shown at the concentrations less than 200 ㎍/㎖. These results suggest that staphylococci in the dental environment might be one of the important causes of nosocomial infection in the dental clinic, and the extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L., volatile substances from C. boreale and berberine might be candidate substances for antibacterial activities to the MRSA in the dental clinic.

척수 경막외 혈관 기형에 의한 재발성 척수병증

오동호,김희태,박운규,이영주,김승현,김주한,김명호,박문향 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.5

필리핀의 여성복지정책과 여성의 규정성

문은영,최동주 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2003 아시아여성연구 Vol.42 No.-

최근 들어 세계 각국에서의 여성복지에 대한 정책은 대체로 UN과 세계여성대회의 여성정책과 같은 맥락으로 진행되어 왔다. 그럼에도 각 국가에서 여성복지정책에서 나타나는 경향이 다양한 것은 경제수준 및 정치적 안정과 더불어 성별분업구조를 강조하는 가부장제적 이데올로기가 다르게 작용하고 있기 때문이다. 즉 각 사회에서의 남성중심의 가부장제 가치관은 다른 환경요인 하에서 여성복지정책에 다르게 영향을 미쳐왔다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 경향으로 나타나고 있는 여성복지정책의 근원적인 원인에 대해 문제를 제기하며, 아시아권에서도 유교권이 아닌 필리핀의 사례를 집중 분석해 보고자 한다. 필리핀 여성들은 높은 교육열과 더불어 행정관리직과 전문직 참여 비율에 있어 다른 아시아 지역의 여성들에 비해 높은 수치를 나타내어 진취적이고 적극적인 여성의 사회활동 참여의 일면을 보여주고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 남녀의 역할을 구분하는 가부장제적 가족주의는 여성문제에 여전히 성차별적으로 작용되고 있고 심각한 빈곤 문제는 여성의 실질적인 지위 개선에 장애가 되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 필리핀에서의 여성의 규정성에 영향을 미치는 사회구조적 요인이 과연 무엇인지에 대한 문제의식을 갖고 그 규정성이 여성복지정책에 어떻게 반영되어 나타나고 필리핀이 가지고 있는 특수한 환경하에서 여성복지정책이 어떠한 방향으로 나아가고 있는가를 분석하여 한국의 여성복지정책 구상을 위한 기초자료를 마련코자 하는데 목적이 있다. Recently, the policies for women's welfare of many nations have been progressing in the same direction as the women's policies of the U.N. and the International Women's Conference in general. Nevertheless, the reason why various trends of welfare policies for women are visible in each nation is because the patriarchal ideology stressing the gender role, along with other factors such as the economic level and political stability, is expressed differently in each nation. In other words, the male-centered, patriarchal viewpoints of each society have been influencing the nation in different ways under various environmental factor. Thus, this study wishes to provide fundamental explanations for the various trends that are apparentin welfare policies for women, concentrating its analysis particularly on the case studies of Philippine, a non-Confucian nation within the Asian domain. Philippine women tend to have higher educational goals and a higher rate of involvement in administrative and professional work field, compared to other Asian nations. This is only an aspect of Philippine women's progressive and active participation in various social activities. Nonetheless, the patriarchal family system which clearly differentiates the gender roles still seems to have a great impact on women's issues in terms of gender discrimination, and it is a current tendency that the issue of severe poverty in Philippine is hindering the actual improvement of women's social status. This study, hence, tried to understand the social structural factors that are influencing the provisions for women in Philippine. By analyzing how these provisions are expressed in women's welfare policies and how women's welfare policies are shaped up under the influence of Philippine's unique environment, this study hopes to prepare a basic data that could be useful in building the welfare policies for Korean women. Basically, it could be said that the characteristics and the influences of women's welfare policies of each nation are developed differently based on how women are identified in each nation. And, such a provision on women is formed according to the nation's various social cultural and economical factors. In evaluating women's welfare policies, the gender role and the gender identity that are either directly or indirectly and reinforces within the society and the family should be most critically discussed. Therefore, the provisions for women in this study were understood in terms of women's gender role and gender identity that are exposed in the process of establishing a policy. This study also tried to support its findings from documentary records by field studies and actual interviews with directors and researchers who are in charge of Philippine women's policies.

치과진료실에서 황색 포도구균의 감염유형 분석

문상은,이동근,권경환,김강주 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.1

To investigate the cross contamination in the dental clinic, Staphylococcus aureus, the pathogen in acute pyogenic infection and one of the important microbes causing nosocomial infection, was isolated from the mouth and anterior nare of healthy personnel and patients and the air in the dental clinic. The patterns of antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated staphylococci were examined. mecA gene from the MRSA was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolation rate of S. aureus in the dental clinic was the highest in the mouth of dentists (29.4%) and the lowest in the air of the dental clinic (1.3%). In the study of PCR, MRSA and some methicillin susceptible staphylococci had mecA positive gene. These results suggest that staphylococci in the dental environment might be one of the important causes of nosocomial infection in the dental clinic.

양식장 배출물 발효물의 어류 사료 첨가에 따른 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus의 혈액학적 변동에 미치는 영향

강주찬,지정훈,송승엽,문상욱,강지웅,이영돈,김세재 한국어병학회 2004 한국어병학회지 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 양식어류인 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus를 대상으로 육상수조식양식장 배출물 발효물의 어류 사료 첨가에 따른 혈액학적 변동에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 젖산균 및 효모를 사용하여 발효한 양식장 배출물의 이화학적 분석을 실시하였고, 발효물을 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 및 5.0% 농도로 8주간 투여하였다. 투여 4주째 및 8주째에 각 투여 구간별로 혈액학적 항목을 중심으로 그 차이를 확인하였다. 배출물 발효농도별 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, 분석시기에 따른 적혈구수, 혈색소 농도 및 혈색소 지수가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 주요 혈청 무기 및 유기성분은 배출 발효물 농도별로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 또한 혈청 효소학적 조사에서는 조사시기별로 변동은 나타났지만, 동일 조시시기에서 각 구간별 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 이러한 육상 약식장 유래의 배출물 발효산물에 대한 다양한 방면의 연구가 진행되어야겠다. Effects of oral administration with fermented product from sewage in land-based seawater fish farm on haematological disturbance in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus was investigated. After 4 weeks of conditioning with a basal diet, fish were divided into 4 groups and provided experimental diet (0.1,0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) supplement of fermented sewage for 80 days. Proximal analysis was performed for the product of sewage which was fermented by lactic acid and yeast. RBC count, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were increased according to the treated periods, however, no statistical difference was observed between control and treatment groups. There were no significant difference in serum organic, inorganic compounds and enzyme activities between control and treatment groups. This study hypothesized that the supplement of fermented product from sewage in land-based seawater fish farm might be an additive sup plement for source of fish diet in view of haematological examination. Recycling of the sewage may be an economic artificial sources of diet for fish aquaculture practices.

팽이 톱밥 人工栽培時 培地微生物相의 經時的인 密度變化

배태웅,文炳周,辛元敎,宋模烈,李鉉旭,曺東進 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資原硏究所 1996 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.5 No.1

팽이 재배에 있어 가장 큰 문제 중의 하나는 雜菌에 대한 汚染, 특히 細菌에 의한 피해가 극심하므로 作業段階와 栽培過程 전반에 걸쳐 培地徵生物相의 經時的인 密度變化에 따른 雜菌의 培地內 流入時期를 조사하여 汚染菌의 發生消長을 알아보기 위해 現地農家에서 시험해 본 결과 接種후 培養室에서 菌絲培養을 시작한 5일후부터 細菌이 檢出되기 시작하여 菌긁기전까지 약 25일간 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g의 密度를 보였으나 經時的인 密度增加는 없었고, 菌絲培養이 끝난 뒤 菌긁기직후부터 細菌의 密度는 118.3×10⁴cfu/g으로 급격히 높아졌으며 子實體生育 기간동안에 시간이 경과함에 따라 密度가 현저하게 증가되는 경향을 나타냈다. 이는 培養室 안으로 흐르는 空氣를 통하여 甁內로 細菌이 流入되고 또한 菌긁기 직후 培地表面에 灌注하는 물과 加濕機에서 噴霧되는 물粒子가 細菌의 密度增加에 절대적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되므로 이때가 細菌性褐斑病菌에 感染되기 가장 용이한 시기로 생각된다. 眞菌은 菌긁기후 子實體生育 기간동안 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g의 密度로서 菌絲培養 기간동안의 密度보다 다소 높게 檢出되었으나 대체로 經時的인 密度增加는 보이지 않았으며, 放線菌은 거의 검출되지 않거나 菌絲培養 후 5일째부터 다소 검출되기 시작했으나 밀도가 매우 낮았고 經時的으로도 증가되지 않았다. One of the most serious problem on the Enoki mushroom cultivation is the infection by pathogenicitic microorganisns, especially bacterial diseases causing serious economical losses in the mushroom production. It was carried out to find the tendency of the development of mushroom diseases by temporal changes and variation of the densities of media microflora through the cultivation periods and working stages in a mushroom farm. According to the results, several bacteria were detected from the fifth day after the inoculation and incubation of mycelium in the incubation room, and the density of bacterium was 0.5∼3.1×10⁴cfu/g media for 25 days before the inoculum-removing, although there was no increment of the density. Since the inoculum-removing after the spawn run, the density of bacterium was rapidly increased as 118.3×10⁴cfu/g media, and was significantly increased by time during the growth period of fruitbodies. It was hypothesized that it is the most suitable period for the pathogen infection because the bacterium might be introduced by the air in the incubation-room, and the increment of bacterium density might be affected by moisture supplied through watering or humidifier in the growing room after the inoculum-removing. Fungi were detected as the density as 1.17∼7.87×10⁴/g media and the density was slightly higher than that during the incubation period of hyphae, although there was no significant increment. Generally, the density of Actinomycetes was disregardfully low, or Actinomycetes were hardly ever found, although there was found some 5 days after incubation hyphae in few cases.

상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 : 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로

김경훈,고은주,Graham Hooley,Nick Lee,이동해,정홍섭,전병주,문학일 가야대학교 2009 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 상표자산의 구성요소에 대한 선행요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 하여 상표자산 구성요소와 상표자산 영향요인간의 관계 그리고 상표자산 구성요소와 구매의도간의 관계를 규명하고 한국과 영국을 중심으로 비교하여 상표자산관리 방안을 도출해보고자 하였다 연구결과, 정보탐색은 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 상표태도와 상표지식은 상표 충성도와 상표 가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 그리고 상표충성도와 상표가치는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정보원천의 경우, 한국에서는 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있는 반면, 영국에서는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers’ perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer’s behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers’ information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers’ purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm’s prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder’s value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was X2=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was X2=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expan

PMMA와 SAN混合物의 劣化速度에 관한 硏究

薛秀德,韓丞完,金東建,文德柱 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1988 硏究報告 Vol.12 No.2

The thermal degradation behavior of the homopolymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and styrene-co-acrylonitril (SAN) as well as their mixture were carried out using the thermogravimetric and infrared spectroscopy method in the stream of various gases. The activation energies evaluated by the reported various kinetics equations except PMMA80%-SAN20% Mixture agreed with each other very well. The thermal degradation of PMMA and SAN mixture were considered to be carried out by the main chain scission.

쇄골 간부 골절 불유합의 수술적 치료 : 재건 금속판 고정 및 골 이식술 Reconstruction Plate Fixation and Bone Grafting

변영수,유찬훈,안혁수,문성건,신동주,박준우 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목 적: 쇄골 간부 골절 불유합에 대하여 관혈적 정복, 재건 금속판 고정 및 골 이식을 시행하고 술후 조기 관절 운동을 허용한 저자들의 경험을 보고하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 수술적 치료를 시행한 쇄골 간부 골절 불유합 16예를 대상으로 하였다. 위축성 불유합이 10예, 비후성 불유합이 6예였으며, 수상 후 불유합에 대한 수술까지의 기간은 평균 6.5개월이었다. 수술적 치료로 불유합 부위를 노출시켜 섬유조직을 제거하고 골수강을 천공하였으며, 골편을 정복하고 재건 금속판으로 고정하였으며, 자가 골 이식을 하였다. 수술 후 관절 운동은 1주일 이내에 시작하였다. 결 과: 평균 추시 기간은 22.0개월이었으며, 전 예에서 평균 10.0주에 골유합을 얻었다. 최종 추시 시의 견관절 운동범위는 전 예에서 정상으로 회복되었으며, 나이가 50게 이상인 6예 중 3예에서 동측 견관절에 간헐적인 동통을 호소하였다. 술후 감염, 재검 금속판의 파손, 고정상실, 불유합, 재골절 등의 합병증은 발생치 않았다. 결 론: 쇄골 간부 골절 불유합에 대한 관혈적 정복, 재건 금속판 고정 및 골 이식은 안정성 고정으로 조기 재활이 가능하고 견고한 골유합을 얻을 수 있어 안전하고 확실한 치료방법으로 사료된다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present out experience with open reduction, 3.5-㎜ reconstruction plate fixation, bone-grafting, and postoperative early mobilization for nonunions of midshaft clavicular fratures. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients were treated operatively for nonunions of the midshaft of the clavicle from 1997 to 2001. Ten nonunions were atrophic and six were hypertrophic. Nonunion had been present for an average of 6.5 months. The operative technique included removing the fibrous tissue from the nonunion site and opening the medullary canal, reduction of the fracture and fixation with a 3.5-㎜ reconstruction plate, and bone-grafting. Postoperative mobilization started within one week. Results: The average duration of follow-up was 22.0 months. All fracture were united in an average of 10.0 weeks. All patients had full range of motion of the ipsilateral shoulder, but 3 our of 6 patients who were more than 50 years old complained occasional pain in the ipsilateral shoulder at the final follow-up examination. There were no major complications of postoperative infection, metal failure of the plate, loss of fixation, nonunion, and refracture after removal of the implant. Conclusion: The technique of open reduction, reconstruction plate fixation, and bone-grafting is a safe and reliable method to allow early rehabilitation by stable fixation and to predict a high rate of union for nonunions of midshaft clavicular fractures.

고도정수처리 공정에서의 천연유기물질 특성변화 및 소독부산물 전구물질의 제거특성 평가

노재순,손희종,박은주,황영도,최동훈,배석문,신판세 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏報 Vol.12 No.1

In this research the movement and apparent molecular weight distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic matters in advanced water treatment process were investigated using the raw water of Maeri area, located in downstream of Nakdong river, and the variation of the disinfection by-product formation potential was also investigated. In the raw water used in experiments, the content of BDOC (biodegradable dissolved organic carbon) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was about 39%, and this value is far above a normal, Pre-ozone treatment showed an increase of 40% in the BDOC content, and this means that biodegradability was remarkably increased by ozone treatment BDOC concentration in BAC treated water was 0.09 mg/L, which means 84% of BDOC removal rate compared with that in post-ozone treated water. The variation of chlorine disinfection by-product formation potential in each process unit of water treatment process was analyzed. TOXFP concentration in raw water was 449 ㎍/L, and the contents of THMFP and HAAFP among TOXFP were 24% and 23%, respectively. The removabilities of these materials BAC process had an order of TOXFP > HAAFP > THMFP. BAC process was less effective for THMFP than others. The distribution of hydrophilic organic matters were evaluated in each treatment process. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic matters in the raw water had a ratio of 50 : 50, and the ozone treatment decreased the content of hydrophobic matters. The BAC treatment made the ratio 85:15. These mean that the removal of hydrophilic matters is more difficult than that of hydrophobic materials in water treatment process. In addition the portions of humic and fulvic acid in hydrophobic matters were analyzed. Fulvic acid a large portion among hydrophobic matters in the raw water, and the portion was 78%. Ozone treatment was more effective on the removal of fulvic acid than humic acid. After BAC treatment, the concentration of residual fulvic acid was high than humic acid. Chlorine disinfection by-product formation for hydrophilic and hydrophobic mattrts was compared in each process unit. in the raw water TOXFP and THMFP formation for hydrophobic matter was higher, and HAAFP was highly formated for hydrophobic matter. After post-ozone or BAC treatment, chlorine disinfection by-product formation has high potential for hydrophobic matters. Comparing humic and fulvic acids, chlorine disinfection by-product formation potential was higher for humic acid than for fulvic acid in all processes. In the comparison of the reactivity with chlorine disinfection by-product per unit DOC, THMFP and DOXFP showed higher reactivity with hydrophobic matter than with hydrophilic matter in all processes, and HAAFP was highly reacitive with hydrophilic matter. Apparent molecular weight distributions of organic matters were investigated in each process step.The content of low molecular weight organic matters less than 1000 Da in DOC was high in all processes except raw water, but molecular weight organic matters more than 1000 da was higher than molecular weight organic matters less than 1000 Da in the formation potential of chlorine disinfection by-product.