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영국법상 범죄수익 환수를 위한 재산출처 제시명령(Unexplained Wealth Order)에 관한 연구
이영돈 충북대학교 법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.34 No.1
Among the motives for crime, economic crimes for economic benefit account for the majority. Therefore, in order to secure the deterrence of crime and realize the justice of criminal justice, it is urgently necessary to recover criminal proceeds. Failure to properly recover criminal proceeds can cause a relative sense of deprivation to the general public who comply with the law, thereby diluting the sense of compliance. In this study, the background, related regulations, and application cases of the Unexplained Wealth Order introduced under the Criminal Finance Act 2017 were reviewed to systematically support the proof of criminal proceeds in the UK. UWO is an order that requires law enforcement agencies to provide specific information, including "explain to the defendant how the property was acquired." If the Defendant does not comply with the UWO, the relevant property may be subject to civil recovery. UWO is not an independent civil confiscation system, but it is meaningful in terms of a system that facilitates civil recovery by changing the burden of proof. Currently, our individual laws have a pre-indictment confiscation preservation order system to facilitate the recovery of criminal proceeds for suspects. If the confiscation preservation order system is actively used before prosecution, the possibility of introducing the UWO system will not be high. However, for crimes that require the recovery of criminal proceeds in the future, such as money laundering and organized crimes, there is room to carefully review whether the principle of presumption of innocence is violated and partially consider the introduction of the UWO system. Therefore, in order to introduce such a system, first of all, the disclosure of statistics on the recovery of criminal proceeds and the discussion on the problem of the recovery of criminal proceeds under our law must be activated.
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이영돈,유재홍,주진호 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.6
Treatment of food waste is becoming a big issue due to their significant quantities. Composting could be aneffective alternative for food waste management which could be used as soil conditioner or fertilizer with littleconcerns about heavy metals and pathogens. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of foodwaste on Chinese cabbage growth and soil properties. 9 different treatments (two livestock manures, two foodwastes, two livestock manures + chemical fertilizer, two food wastes + chemical fertilizer, and control) wereapplied to Chinese cabbage. All treatments were carried out in 3 replicates. We measured leaf length, leafwidth, fresh weight, dry weight, and leaf greenness of Chinese cabbage. Treatment of one of food wastecomposts significantly increased leaf length and leaf width of Chinese cabbage by 28.6, 26.6, 67.7, and59.9%, respectively, in comparison to those of control, while no significant differences for leaf greennesswere shown. Application of food waste compost resulted in significant increase of EC, available P2O5, CEC,organic matter, and exchangeable cations. However, further researches are needed to reduce NaCl content offood waste.
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Paenibacillus polymyxa and Burkholderia cepacia Antagonize Ginseng Root Rot Pathogens
이영돈,Khalid Abdullah Hussein,주진호 한국토양비료학회 2017 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.50 No.6
To isolate rhizobacteria exhibiting antifungal activities for for five pathogenic fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Fusarium solani, Collectotricum gloeosporides, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea) which causedamage to Ginseng root in Ginseng grown fields, four soils were collected from Cheorlwon gun, in Korea. From 4 soils, a total of 160 bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plate method. Among 160 strains, 32strains showed antifungal activities for one or more pathogens. From 32 strains, three strains exhibitedantifungal activities for all pathogens. These are two Burkholderia cepacia (ATCC 25416 and ET 13) and onePaenibacillus polymyxa (ATCC 842). These potent antifungal strains showed high identities (99% using16S-rRNA sequencing).
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이영돈 경북대학교 법학연구원 2014 법학논고 Vol.0 No.47
Investigative agency has focused on the suspects’ confession through the interrogationat the investigative procedure. As a result, the problem of false confession bycoercion often occurred. The Criminal Procedure Act of 2007 introduced new systemsfor fair investigation and suspects’ human rights; present of the counselor at theinterrogation. Suspect’s right to have a counselor present at the interrogation shouldbe considered fundamental right based on Korean Constitution. However, in practice, counselors who present at the interrogation are very fewbecause of economic problems. Therefore, the public defender is necessary for thissystem to work properly. Counselors present at interrogation have rights to tell their opinions regardingquestions and to complain about unfair questioning. Counselor should get permissionfrom investigator in advance to tell his opinion by law. This provision is likely tooppress counselor’s positive assistance. So, counselor’s statement be permitted withoutbeforehand approval. Also, the Criminal Procedure Act stated ‘justifiable reason’ to restrict counselor’spresence without particular grounds. Particular restriction reasons should be statedclearly in Criminal Procedure Act to guarantee suspect’s constitutional right properly. 수사절차상 피의자신문은 피의자에 대한 질문으로 범죄혐의를 밝히는 과정으로서인권침해 소지가 상존한다. 2007년 형사소송법은 피의자의 방어권 및 수사의 투명성을 확보하기 위하여 변호인의 피의자신문 참여권을 규정하였다. 변호인 참여권은 헌법상 변호인 조력권의 실현형태로서 기본권의 성격을 띤다. 그러나 수사실무상 변호인의 피의자신문 참여 비율은 매우 미미한 실정으로 제도적 의의를 실현하기 위해서는 체포피의자에 대한 국선변호인 선임 등의 제도적 장치가 보완되어야 한다. 현행법은 변호인의 피의자신문 참여 범위로 의견진술과 부당한 신문방법에 대한이의제기를 규정할 뿐 변호인 조력권의 핵심인 조언과 상담에 대해서는 직접적인 규정이 없어 실무상 이를 제지하는 사례가 발생한다. 따라서 조언과 상담을 참여 범위로 명확하게 규정할 필요가 있다. 또한 참여변호인의 의견진술은 신문이 종료된 뒤에하는 것을 원칙으로 하고, 신문 중의 의견진술은 수사기관의 승인을 요구한다. 사전승인은 변호인의 적극적인 조력을 위축시킬 가능성이 있으므로 피의자신문을 방해하는 목적이 아니라면 사전 승인 없이 허용되어야 한다. 형사소송법은 변호인의 피의자신문 참여 제한사유로 구제적인 기준을 제시하지 않고 ‘정당한 사유’가 있는 경우 제한할 수 있다고 규정하고, 구체적인 제한 사유는 대통령령과 경찰청 훈령(범죄수사규칙) 등에서 규정한다. 변호인 조력권이라는 헌법적인 권리에 근거한 변호인의 피의자신문 참여권의 실질적인 보장을 위해서는 제한 사유를 형사소송법에 보다 명확하게 규정할 필요가 있다.
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