Time-Related Changes in Detrusor Overactivity in Awake Rats with Spinal Cord Injury Observed by Simultaneous Registrations of Intravesical and Intraabdominal Pressures

Jin, Long-Hu,Shin, Hwa-Yoan,Yoon, Seung-Hwan,Seong, Do-Hwan,Park, Chang-Shin,Lee, Tack,Yoon, Sang-Min Korean Continence Society 2011 International Neurourology Journal Vol.15 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To compare the physical characteristics of detrusor overactivity (DO) induced by intravesical infusion of saline in awake, sham rats and rats with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), by simultaneous registrations of intravesical and intraabdominal pressures.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Male Sprague-Dawley rats, normal or with a spinal vascular clip at the level of Th9, were investigated cystometrically 1 and 4 weeks after SCI. Intravesical pressure (IVP) and intraabdominal pressure (IAP) were recorded simultaneously to evaluate true DO. During the filling phase, the event of IVP rises, defined as increments that exceeded 2 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O from baseline, were determined as DO according to the absence of simultaneous changes in IAP.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All SCI rats exhibited DO during the filling phase, which was not shown in sham rats. The frequency and pressure of DO had a tendency to decrease with time. The DO frequency of SCI rats after 4 weeks (0.9±0.2 min<SUP>-1</SUP>) was decreased compared with that after 1 week (2.1±0.4 min<SUP>-1</SUP>; P<0.05). The DO pressure of SCI rats after 4 weeks (8.4±1.9 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O) was decreased compared with that after 1 week (11.6±2.9 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O; P>0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Cystometric studies in awake male SCI rats showed some significant changes in bladder function after SCI. All SCI rats exhibited DO during the filling phase, and showed different physical characteristics of DO over the course of time. The neurological basis of these time-related changes remains poorly understood, but may provide important prognostic information about long-term urological management in SCI patients.</P>

발생액 이익조정기준을 이용한 실질이익조정의 식별

정도진(Jung, Do-Jin),진언백(Chen, Yan-Ba) 글로벌경영학회 2013 글로벌경영학회지 Vol.10 No.4

경영자는 회계원칙이 허용되는 범위 안에서 발생액을 이용하여 이익을 조정(발생액 이익조정, Accrual-based Earnings Management)하거나 실제 경영활동을 통해 이익을 조정(실질이익조정, Real Earnings Management)하기도 한다. 이러한 이익조정에 관한 연구들은 발생액 이익조정과 실질이익조정으로 구분되어 진행되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발생액 이익조정과 실질이익조정을 통합하여, 발생액 이익조정의 기준들(재량적 발생액, 이익의 횡단면 분포, 비재량적 이익)이 실질 이익조정의 식별에도 유용한지를 검증하였다. 실질이익조정의 측정변수로는 비정상적 영업현금흐 름과 재량적 비용 및 제조원가를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 발생액 이익조정의 식별기준들에 따라 구분된 이익조정집단과 통제집단 간의 실질이익조정 측정변수의 차이를 분석하였다. 재량적 발생액과 비재량적 이익으로 구분된 이익조정집단과 통제 집단 간에는 실질이익조정 측정변수 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 발견하였다. 그러나 이익의 횡단면 분포에 따라 구분된 이익조정집단과 통제집단 간에는 모든 실질이익조정 측정변수의 계수 값이 예측부호와 반대로 나타났다. 둘째, 발생액 이익조정의 식별기준들에 따라 구분한 이익 조정 여부의 더미변수와 실질이익조정 측정변수 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 집단 간 차이분석과 마찬가지로, 재량적 발생액과 비재량적 이익으로 구분한 이익조정 여부의 더미변수는 실질이 익조정 측정변수 모두와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타내었다. 그러나 이익의 횡단면 분포로 구분한 이익조정 여부의 더미변수와 모든 실질이익조정 측정변수는 예측부호와 반대의 상관계수 값이 나타났다. 셋째, 이익조정에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 통제하기 위하여 발생액 이익조정의 식별기준들에 따른 이익조정 여부를 종속변수로 하고, 실질이익조정 측정변수와 통제변수들을 독립변수로 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 재량적 발생액으로 이익조정 여부를 구분한 경우, 모든 실질이 익조정 측정변수들이 예측부호와 일치하는 유의한 계수 값을 나타냈다. 반면에, 이익의 횡단면 분포로 이익조정 여부를 구분한 경우, 모든 실질이익조정 측정변수들이 예측부호와 반대의 계수 값을 가졌다. 그리고 비재량적 이익으로 이익조정 여부를 구분한 경우, 비정상적 영업현금흐름과 제조원가의 계수 값만이 예측부호와 일치하면서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이상의 분석결과를 종합하 면, 발생액 이익조정의 기준으로 사용되는 재량적 발생액은 실질이익조정을 식별하는 데에도 유용한 반면, 비재량적 이익은 비정상적 영업현금흐름과 제조원가로 나타나는 실질이익조정만을 식별하는 데에 제한적으로 유용하였다. 한편, 발생액 이익조정의 또 다른 식별기준인 이익의 횡단면 분포는 실질이익조정을 식별하는 데에 유용하지 못하였다. The purpose of this paper is to inspect whether the criteria which detect manager s earnings management in prior studies can distinguish the manager s real earnings management activities from the real management activities. According the prior study, in this article we use DAC benchmark, Cross-sectional histogram benchmark and NDNI benchmark to do empirical analysis. To measure the real earnings management, following Roychowdhury(2006), we use abnormal cash flow from operation, abnormal discretionary expense and abnormal production cost as variables. The research method is: first, according the benchmarks we distinguish two groups, upward earnings management and earnings management without upward. To compare the real earnings management variables we do the t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Second, we inspect the relationship between upswing earnings management and real earnings management with logistic regression analysis. The empirical results are as follows. First, according the variation analysis result of real earnings management variables in the two groups, cross-sectional histogram benchmark can not distinguish real earnings activity very well, but the other two benchmarks can do. According to the prior studies, there is no earnings management in some of the earnings management firms which is distinguished by cross-sectional histogram benchmark. So cross-sectional histogram benchmark has the problem with validity when detect the earnings management. Second, to examine the relationship between upward earnings management and real earnings management variables, the logistic regression make sure cross-sectional histogram benchmark can not distinguish real earnings management very well. Moreover, there are no firm doing real earnings management in the earnings management firms which are distinguished by NDNI benchmark. The final conclusion is that in the benchmarks with earnings management in this study, DAC benchmark can detect real earnings management activities best.

인터넷 인라인스케이트 동호회 회원의 분당 대사량 평가

김종혁,김도진 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.6

This study inquires into comparison and changes in Metabolic when people do inline-skating through comparing members of internet inline-skating association with normal people, and grasps the effect of doing inline-skating on Metabolic per minute. Also, this study provides information for activation of internet inline-skates association and health as scientific methods of inline-skating and domestic athletics. The conclusion is as follows. First, there are significant differences in 2minutes doing between members in association of internet inline-skates and normal people, and after verification, there are significant differences between male and female in association, between male in association and normal male, between male in association and normal female.(p<.01). Second, there is no significant difference in Metabolic of 4 minutes doing between members in association of internet inline-skates and normal people. Third, there are significant differences in 6 minutes doing between members in association of internet inline-skates and normal people, and after verification, there are significant differences between male and female in association, between male in association and normal male, between male in association and normal female.(p<.05). rmal people. Firth, there is no significant difference in Metabolic of 8 minutes doing between members in association of intemet inline-skates and normal people. Fifth, there is no significant difference in Metabolic of 10 minutes doing between members in association of intemet inline-skates and normal people. sixth, there are significant differences in sum total doing between members in association of internet inline-skates and normal people, and after verification, there are significant differences between male and female in association, between male in association and normal male, between male in association and normal female.(p<.05).

홍민어 Sciaenops ocellatus에서의 바이러스성 신경괴사증 viral nervous necrosis

김진도,김석렬,정성주,김영진,정태성,최태진,박성우,오명주 한국어병학회 2001 한국어병학회지 Vol.14 No.2

1999년 10월에서 11월 사이에 남해안 일대의 홍민어 종묘 생산장에서 20~30열령의 치어가 척추만곡 및 이상유영을 하며 대량 폐사하였다. 병어는 특이 외부 증상이 없었고, 높은 누적폐사량이 바이러스 질병으로 의심되어, 조직학적 및 분자생물학적인 검사를 행하여 폐사원인을 확인하였다. 폐사개체의 조직을 H-E 염색하여 관찰한 결과 뇌와 안구의 신경세포에서 공포와 괴사가 관찰되었고, 전자현미경 관찰에서는 안구와 뇌에서 바이러스 입자가 관찰되었다. RT-PCR 결과에서는 ≒426 bp의 DNA 단편을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 홍민어에서 발생한 대량폐사는 바이러스성 신경괴사증(VNN)으로 진단되었다. Mass mortalities occurred among red drum lavae, 20 to 30 days old, culturing at hatcheries on southern costal area. No specific external signs were observed except abnormal swimming and spinal deformity. It was, however, suspected as a viral etiology due to high mass mortalities so that histopathological and molecular biological study was performed to evaluate the agent. Both vacuoles and necrosis were observed on nerve cells of brain and eye by H-E staining, and viral particles were observed on electronmicroscopic examination. On the other hand, DNA fragment, approximately 426 bps, was amplified with RT-PCR. The above results were able to diagnosis the etiological agent of mass moralities in red drum larvae as VNN(viral nervous necrosis)virus.

쇼핑센터의 전력부문 온실가스 저감에 관한 연구

정진도(Jin-Do Chung),김장우(Jang Woo Kim),임헌천(Heon Cheon Lim),임수영(Soo Young Lim) 한국열환경공학회 2009 한국열환경공학회 학술대회지 Vol.2009 No.추계

唐津과 安眠島地域 降水 成分의 變化特性에 關한 硏究

정진도,이천호 한국대기환경학회 2004 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.20 No.5

In this study, we are going to compare the chemical composition of the precipitation that falls in the Dangjin and Anmyon-do areas by analyzing the water soluble components (anion and cation). We also examined the effects of seasonal change and regional difference in those data sets. The [NO₃^- + SO₄^(2-)] at 49.2μeq/l is 67% of the total anion of 73.1μeq/l, while that of [NH₄^+ + Ca^(2+)] at 37.7μeq/l is 62% of the cation in Dangjin area. Also, the [NO^₃- + SO^(2-)₄] concentration of 151.8 (μeq/l) is 62% for the total anion of 143.5 (μeq/l), and the [NH^(4+) + Ca^(2+)] concentration of 119.7 (μeq/l) is 47% for the cation of 254.3 (μeq/l) in Anmyon-do area. The ion composition ratio is shown for the order by 22% of SO^(2-)₄, 20.8% of NH^(+)₄ and 15.4% of Cl^(-) that is the sum of 58.7% for the total ion composition in Dangjin area, and is the order by 33.8% of NH^(4+), 16.3% of SO^(2-)₄ and 11.1 % of Cl^(-) in Anmyon-do area. Furthermore, We predicted that even areas which were previously clean will get acid rain if there is large scale construction there or nearby.

忠南 西海岸地域 降水 中 水溶性 이온 成分의 變化特性

정진도,이천호 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.12

This study was compared each ingredient's local/seasonal change characteristics by analyzing anions and cations, watersoluble ionic components, from the precipitation of Dangjin and Anmyeon-do areas. The samples were collected for 8 months from both spots between the period of April 1, 2002 to November 31, 2002. The precipitation samples were collected continuously through the entire duration of precipitation by using the wet-only automatic samplers. When rain continues to fall over 24 hours or occasionally, we considered those collected from 9 o'clock in the morning for 24 hours as the day's samples. As a method to verify for the reliability of the analyzed data is concerned, we use the ion balance method and the electricity conductance method, was used widely as a way of watching the atmosphere by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization)/GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch). Also, Dangjin and Anmyun-do area confirmed that contains artificial pollutants by analysis of ion concentration data.

경남 일부 지역 간흡충 감염 주민에 대한 혈청 생화학검사 소견 분석

손운목,조영표,김기진,김미영,이종욱,박도흠 한국건강관리협회 1999 건협 Report Vol.2 No.-

Bupivacaine과 ropivacaine이 Xenopus oocyte에 발현된 HERG 전류에 미치는 영향

김국성,이규승,김효신,손숙진,이상도,김광진,전병화,김윤희,박진봉 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is developed as a less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on HERG currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine(3∼1,000μM) blocked HERG currents in a concentration dependent manner. EC_(50) was 26.1±3.1μM(n_(R) 0.65±0.04) and 43.5±7.9μM(n_(H) 0.99±0.13) in bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine did not affect the activation and deactivation kinetics of HERG channels. However, the drugs decreased the slope conductance measured from fully activated current-voltage relationship curves. These results suggest that bupivacaine and ropivacaine have a similarinhibitory effect on HERG channels, which could be a possible cellular mechanism of LQT or ventricular arrythmia by the drugs.

소형민수헬기 능동진동제어시스템 개발

김남조(Nam-Jo Kim),곽동일(Dong-Il Kwak),강우람(Woo-Ram Kang),황유상(Yoo-Sang Hwang),김도형(Do-Hyung Kim),김찬동(Chan-Dong Kim),이기진(Ki-Jin Lee),소희섭(Hee-Soup So) 한국항공우주학회 2022 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.50 No.3

헬기의 능동진동제어시스템(AVCS)은 주로터로부터 발생되는 진동을 제어하며, 수동형 진동저감장치 대비 저중량으로 우수한 진동저감 성능을 발휘한다. 본 논문에서는 FxLMS 알고리즘을 기반으로 타코미터 및 가속도 센서 신호를 통해 연산된 제어명령을 하중발생기(CFG)로 전달하여 소형 민수헬기의 진동을 제어하는 소프트웨어 개발 및 검증 내용을 제시하였다. DO-178C /DO-331 표준에 따라 모델 기반 설계 기법을 통해 진동제어 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, PILS 및 HILS 환경에서 실시간 작동 성능을 평가하였다. 특히, PILS 환경에서는 LDRA 기반 검증 커버리지를 통해 소프트웨어의 신뢰성을 향상시켰다. AVCS를 소형민수헬기에 적용하기 위해 지상/비행시험을 통해 대상 헬기 동적응답특성 모델을 획득하였다. 이를 기반으로 시스템 최적화 분석 및 비행시험을 통해 최적 성능을 발휘하는 AVCS 형상을 결정하고, STC 인증을 획득하였다. Active vibration control system(AVCS) for helicopter enables to control the vibration generated from the main rotor and has the superb vibration reduction performance with low weight compared passive vibration reduction device. In this paper, FxLMS algorithm-based vibration control software of the light civil helicopter tansmits the control command calculated using the signals of the tachometer and accelerometers to the circular force generator(CFG) is developed and verified. According to the RTCA DO-178C/DO-331, the vibration control software is developed through the model based design technique, and real-time operation performance is evaluated in PILS(processor in-the loop simulation) and HILS(hardware in-the loop simulation) environments. In particular, the reliability of the software is improved through the LDRA-based verification coverage in the PIL environments. In order to AVCS to light civil helicopter(LCH), the dynamic response characteristic model is obtained through the ground/flight tests. AVCS configuration which exhibits the optimal performance is determined using system optimization analysis and flight test and obtain STC certification.