Hepatic Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck(Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus(WHV)

Kyu-shik Jeong,정원일,Jae-yong Chung,Mi-young An,Chae-yong Jung,Gyoung-jae Lee,Jong-soo Kang,Byeong-cheol Kang,Young-heun Jee,Bruce H Williams,Young-oh Kwon,Da-hee Jeong 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Cirrhosis Occurring in a Young Woodchuck (Marmota monax) Due to Vertical Transmission of Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV)Da-hee Jeong, Won-il Jeong, Jae-yong Chung, Mi-young An, Chae-yong Jung, Gyoung-jae Lee1, Jong-soo Kang1, Byeong-cheol Kang2, Young-heun Jee3, Bruce H Williams4, Young-oh Kwon5 and Kyu-shik Jeong*College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea1Shinwon Scientific Co., LTD, Research Institute, Suwon, Korea2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-744, Korea3College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea

논문 : 동북아지역(東北亞地域)에서의 다뉴경(多뉴鏡) 부장묘(副葬墓)의 전개(展開)

이청규 ( Chung Kyu Lee ) 단국사학회 2012 史學志 Vol.44 No.-

청동기는 생업도구의 수준에서 벗어나 전쟁무기와 종교의기로 제작·보급되었다. 이논문은 종교의기이자 무구(巫具)로서 제사장들이 보유했던 청동거울, 그 가운데서도 다뉴경을 중심으로 다뉴경이 부장된 무덤들의 역사문화적 의미를 고찰한다. 다뉴경은 대릉하유역부터 한반도를 거쳐 일본 구주(九州)지역에 이르는 범(汎) 십이대영 자문화권(十二臺營子文化圈)을 나타내는 유물이다. 다뉴경 부장묘는 이 문화권에 속한 고조선, 부여, 한 왜(倭)의 범주에 속하는 소국(小國)들의 수장들의 무덤으로서, 다뉴경뿐만 아니라 다른 청동기 및 토기부장품들이 부장되어 있다. 이 부장품들은 당시의 chiefdom 사회의 수장들을 중심으로 한 정치상황뿐만 아니라 범 대영자문화권 내의 기술교류를 반영한다. 다뉴경은 중국 동북지역에서 한반도와 일본열도에 걸쳐 당시 엘리트들이 제사장의 신분과 지위를 과시하는 위세품인데, 전파과정에 따라 대릉하지역의 A형 다뉴경, 요동과 길림지역의 B형 다뉴경, 한반도 서남부와 일본 구주지역의 C형 다뉴경으로 발전되어갔다. A형 다뉴경으로부터 B형 다뉴경의 등장은 연(燕)나라의 동진으로 고조선의 강역이 이동한 것에 기인한다. C형 다뉴경은 중국 동북지역에서는 발견되지 않고 한반도 서북한과 서남한 지역, 일본 구주(九州)지역에서 발견된다. 이는 다뉴경을 최고 위세품으로 채용하는 계층이 상위급 수장(首長)에서 차상급 이하의 엘리트로 내려갔음과 일본 구주 지역의 소국들이 한반도 서남부지역의 마한(馬韓)지역과 교류하고 있었음을 보여준다. The geometric-design bronze mirrors of which numbers about 80, are assumed to be as ritual tools and political symbols of priest-king during the 8th~2nd century BCE. Those are classified into three types, that are A, B, and C, and each of them is assumed to be made and used in 800~400BCE, 400~200BCE, and 200~50BCE. The distributional range of three types were changed under the historical conditions, which includes Yen(燕)`s advance toward the northeastern China and Wiman(衛滿) becoming a king of Gojoseon(古朝鮮). The first A type mirrors were distributed mainly in northeastern China, B type ones in the geographical range from northeastern China to the Korean peninsular, and C type ones from the Korean peninsular to the Japanese archipelago. The size and numbers of mirrors are reflective of the social position of the person with whom are buried in the grave, and so the graves with mirrors in each type are those of the most unfluential leaders of ``Kuk(國)``―the political and regional groups at the time. In A type mirror stage, the graves with most abundant artefacts are located in Liaoning pronince(遼寧省); the graves with most abundant artefacts in B type mirror stage are in Chung-nam(忠南) province; and the graves with C type mirrors in Cheon-nam(全南) province. Each region with those burials was the trade-center in Korea connecting China and Japan, and is assumed to be the location of the most influential ``Kuk(國)`` in old Korea.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse 자궁내막의 Acid Phosphatase 활성에 미치는 영향

김원규,신규철,정호삼,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1989 한양의대 학술지 Vol.9 No.2

Interleukin-2, a kind of lymphokine produced by the T-lymphocyte stimulated by antigen or mitogen, has been studied intensively with the development of immuno-oncology and chemoimmunotherapy of the malignancy. Interleukin-2 is known to exert on antitumor effect by stimulating the proliferation of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, augmenting the cytolytic activities of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte and differentiating a precursor cell into a lymphokine-activated killer cell in vivo. Though interleukin-2 suppresses the metastasis of the malignant tumor into the adjacent organs, it develops many side effects including fever, chills, malaise, mental confusion, diarrhea, vomiting and oliguria. Interleukin-2 also causes pulmonary, hepatic and renal toxicities and, especially, increase of capillary permeability with weight gain, pulmonary edema and ascites. In this experiment, the author studied the effect of interleukin-2 on the mouse endometrium, observing histochemically the changes in the activity of acid phosphatase following the estrous cycle. Female, DDY strain, weighing 20gm and exhibiting normal estrous cycle, were used as experimental animals. The estrous cycle was recognized by the vaginal smear. The experimental animals were treated with 2 million units of interleukin-2/0.2ml per Kg of body weight and with 0.2ml of normal saline per Kg of body weight in the control groups for 5 days. And animals were sacrificed 5th day after administration of interleukin-2. The specimens obtained from the corpus uteri were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for 24 hours at 4℃ and sliced at 14μm thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activity of acid phosphatase was observed by the Gomori's method for histochemical study. The result obtained was as follows: The acid phosphatase activity was increased at estrus and decreased at diestrus in interleukin-2 treated group. There was, however, no marked differences in acid phosphatase activity of the proestrus and metestrus between control and interleukin-2 treated groups. Consequently, it was suggested that interleukin-2 develop the changes of the acid phosphatase of the endometrium of the mouse.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse 자궁선상피세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

황규성,김원규,이규식,정호삼 한양대학교 의과대학 1990 한양의대 학술지 Vol.10 No.1

It is well known that the endometrium of uterus changes histologically during the estrous cycle in rodents. Interleukin-2, a kind of lymphokine produced by the T lymphocyte activated by antigen or mitogen, induces antitumor effect by stimulating the proliferation of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, augmenting the cytolytic activities of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte and differentiating a precursor cell into a lymphokine-activated killer cel in vivo. Although interleukin-2 suppresses the metastasis of the malignant tumor into the adjacent organs and the tumor itself, it develops many side effects including fever, chills and decreased hepatic functions. Interleukin-2 also causes increase of capillary permeability with weight gain, pulmonary edema and ascites. In this experiment, the author studied the effect of interleukin-2 on the mouse uterine glandular cells, observing electron microscopically the changes in cytoplasmic organelles of uterine glandular epithelial cells in mice. Totals of 20 healthy female mice, DDY strain, weighing about 20 gm and exhibiting normal estrous cycle, were used as experimental animals were injected with 2 million units of interleukin-2 diluted in 0.2ml distilled water per kg of body weight and with 0.2ml of normal saline per kg of body weight in the control group for 5 days. And animals were sacrificed at 5th day after administration of interleukin-2. The specimens obtained from te corpus uteri were pre-fixed in 2% glutaradehyde-2.5% paraformaldehyde buffered in Millonig's phosphate solution (pH 7.2) and post-fixed in the 1% osmium tetroxide. After dehydration the specimens were embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, 600-800A in thickness, were made and double stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. And these preparations were observed with the electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Microvilli were reduced and microfilaments in microvilli were degenerated. 2. The pronounced dilatation, sacculation and fragmentation of the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum was associated with detachment of the membrane-bound ribosomes. 3. The formation of secondary lysosomes such as autophagic vacuoies and multivesicular bodies were observed. 4. Cristae of the some mitochondria were arranged irregularly and dissociated. Consequently, the results obtained in the present study suggest that interleukin-2 appears to be cytotoxic to the uterine glandular cells of the mouse and induces the degenerative changes of the uterine glandular cells.

성인에서의 척수내 상의세포종의 수술 성적 및 예후와 관련된 인자의 분석

장웅규,김현집,정천기,조병규,왕규창 대한신경외과학회 1998 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.27 No.6

MgCl₂溶液內에서 STS 304 HP Stainless Steel 熔接部의 破壞擧動에 對한 硏究

金永奭,丁太權,朴昌彦,洪錫柱,梁仁榮,金基玉,朴煥奎,李茂錫,曺圭宰,鄭在康 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1983 生産技術硏究 Vol.1983 No.-

This paper is based on an experiment analysing the stress corrosion cracking behaviour of welding specimens compared to that of non-welding specimens of STS 304 HP stainless steel in corrosion solution. As a corrosion condition, stainless steel has been known to be the most fragile in a solution of 42% MgCl₂heated to the boiling point, therefore the experiment was carried out in this condition. The experiment was carried out with argon gas TIG welding specimens and non-welding ones made of stainless steel plates, thickness 2mm, by tensile force. At this time, the tensile force was taken to be the value of the yield strength of the tensile test specimens divided by the safety factor of 3.0 to 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. In this paper, the relations between Time of Initial Crack, Time of Failure, Time of Final Fracture and Crack Propagation Length were investigated and then plotted. Furthermore, the relations between Stress Intensity Factor K proposed by Irwin and the Time of Initial Crack, the Time of Failure, the Time of Final Fracture were calculated and plotted. At the last, all the relations plotted were expressed to normal equations by computer, and the equations were used to analyse the data obtained in the experiment. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows: 1. Welding materials, compared with non-welding ones, as the Time of Initial Crack, the Time of Failure, and the Time of Final Fracture were generally very fast, appeared to be a phenomenon of unstable brittleness fracture. 2. Non-welding materials, compared with welding ones, as the safety factor was larger or the working stress was smaller, appeared to be a phenomenon that the longer had had greater durability. Therefor, welding materials must be considered enough to be used in heate affected and stress corrosion atmosphere. 3. The normal equations of the Time of Initial Crack and the variation rate to the same Stress Intensity Factor K are as follows: (A) Non-welding T =259702.4-5451.2 K+28.386 K² T = -5451.2+28.386 K (B) Welding T= -332.693+28.043 K-0.211 K² T' =28.043-0.211 K here, T; Time of Initial Crack, T'; Variation Rate of Time of Initial Crack to Stress Intensity Factor K, K ; Stress Intensity Factor.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse간의 인산염분해효소의 활성에 미치는 영향

이규식,김원규,정호삼,강성섭 한양대학교 의과대학 1989 한양의대 학술지 Vol.9 No.1

In recent years, interleukin-2, a lymphokine produced by antigen or mitogenstimulated lymphocytes, has been intensively with the development of immunooncology and chemoimmunotherapy of the malignant tumor. Interleukin-2 mediates antitumor effect by stimulating the proliferation of helperand cytotoxic T cells, augmenting the cytolytic activities of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and differentiating T-lymphocytes into a lymphokine-activated killer cell in vivo. Thus interleukin-2 induces the therapeutic effects on various sarcoma and carcinoma and regresses the pulmonary, hepatic and peritoneal metastases of various tumors. Although interleukin-2 is very effective for the treatment of various malignancy, it develops many side effects including fever, chill, malaise, mental confusion, diarrhea, vomiting and oliguria and causes pulmonary, hepatic and renal toxicities. Especially interleukin-2 results in increase of capillary permeability with weight gain, pulmonary edema, and ascites. In this experiment, the author studied the effect of interleukin-2 on the mouse liver, histochemically observing the changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase. Male mice, DDY strain, weighing 20gm, were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after intraperitoneal administration of two milions unit of interleukin-2 per kilogram of body weight. The specimens obtained from the liver were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution for 24 hours at 4℃ and sliced at 16㎛ thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase were observed by the Gomori's method and the activity of adenosine triphosphatase was observed by the Wachstein and Meisel's method for histochemical study. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The acid phosphatase activity was strong positive at 12 hours and 24 hours groups in the central and portal zones of the liver lobules, but weak positive and moderate positive at 48 hours group in the central and portal zones of the liver lobules, respectively. 2. The alkaline phosphatase activity was weak positive at 6 hours and 12 hours groups and moderate positive at 48 hours group in the central and portal zone of the liver lobules. 3. The adenosine triphosphatase activity was trace positive in the central zone and weak positive in the portal zone of the liver lobules at 6 hours group but moderate positive at 48 hours group in the central and portal zones of the liver lobules. Consequently, it is suggested that interleukin-2 induce degenerative changes of the hepatocytes of the mouse, but it is recovered with time.

Mitomycin이 Mouse 간장의 인산염분해 효소에 미치는 영향

정호삼,신규석,이군자,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.1

Mitomycin (MC), a wide spectrum antibiotic and anticancer drug, is isolated from streptomyces caespitosus. MC decomposes DNA in cancer cell by forming a complex with DNA and inhibits division of cancer cells by interfering with the biosynthesis of DNA. In the normal cell, MC cross linkes with DNA and inhibits synthesis of RNA and protein. Therefore MC causes many complication in the MC treated patient. The authers have investigated the effect of MC on the mouse liver histochemically observing the change in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPaes. Male mouse, DDY strain, weighing about 20 grams was used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were divided into the control and MC treated group and given food and water unlimited. The animals treated with 4mg of MC per kilogram of body weight were sacrificed at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hour after administration. The animals of control groups were administered only water for injection. The liver specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution at 4℃ and sliced at 14㎛ thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activities of alkaline phosphatase were observed by the Gormori's method and those of ATPase were observed by the Wachstein-Meisel's method for histochemical study. The result are as follows. 1. As the time passed, the activity of alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the hepatic lobule. Negative reactions were showed in the central and intermediate zone of the lobule of 36 hours of MC treated group. Trace activities of the enzyme were observed in the whole hepatic lobule of 48 hours of MC treated group. 2. As the time goes by, the activity of adenosine triphosphatase was decreased in the hepatic lobule. Negative reactions were observed in the entire hepatic lobule of 36 hours of MC treated group. Weak activity of the enzyme were observed in the whole hepatic lobule of 48 hours of MC treated group. Consequently, it is suggested that MC causes decrease in activities of hepatic alkaline phosphatase and ATPase due to live damage by cross linking of DNA with the drug in the hepatocyte and destructive change of organelles of the cell.

일본의 학술단체 지원 체제

정규영 淸州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2004 初等敎育硏究 Vol.14 No.-

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (Ⅱ)이 Hamster 근위곡요세관 상피세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

정호삼,이창수,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1987 한양의대 학술지 Vol.7 No.2

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP), a metallic compound, similar to bifunctional alkylating agent and has been known as an effective anticancer drug. Cis-DDP is known to inhibit cell division and is so effective to suppress the solid tumors that it has been used in the therapy of acute ovarian tumor, acute epithelial tumor in the neck, bladder cancer and thyroid cancer. cis-DDP reacts with guanine bases of DNA in the cell that it inhibits DNA synthesis, cell division and protein synthesis consequently. It exhibits no specificity with regard to type of cells that it acts on the normal cells as well as cancer cells during therapy. So the author undertook the present study to pursue the effect of cis-DDP on the cytoplasmic organelles of epithelial cell in kidney. Hamster was used as an experimental animals. The experimental animals were killed at 12, 24 and 48 hours after administrations of 6 mg/kg of cis-DDP. The specimen obtained from the renal cortex were fixed and stained with uranyl acetate and lead nitrae. And these preprations were observed with the JEM 100B electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cisternae of rough endoplsmic reticulum were sacculated and membrane bound ribosomes were detached at the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubles in the 24 and 48 hours cis-DDP treated hamster group. 2. Mitochondria were swollen and cristae of mitochondria were not seen at the epithelian cells of proximal convoluted tubules in cis-DDP 48 hours treated hamster group. 3. Vesicles and vacuoles increased in number with time at the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubules in cis-DDP treated hamster groups. 4. Microvilli were segmented at the epithelium of proximal convoluted tubules in cis-DDP 48 hours treated hamster group. Consequently it is suggested that cis-DDP induces the damage in the epithelial cells of proximal convoluted renal tubule.