폐주변부 병변 진단 시 기관지솔질에 의한 출혈이 병소확인에 주는 유용성 연구

김예나,정수현,김혜수,옥철호,장태원,정만홍,천봉권 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.2

Background : Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesion by conventional bronchoscopy is still challenging. The sheathed bronchial brush has been used to collect samples from the visible endobronchial lesion. Recently developed endobronchial ultrsonography (EBUS). can obtain image of peripheral pulmonary lesion at bronchus suspected by bleeding sign of sheathed brush. This study evaluated availibility of detected lesions by bleeding after bronchial brushing in pheripehal pulmonary lesions before transbronchial lung biopsy Methods : Between August 2006 and November 2008, 50 patients(38 men and 12 women, median age, 65 yrs) whose peripheral pulmonary lesions could not be detected with flexible bronchoscopy were included in this study. Among 50 patients, 40 cases were malignant lesion(non-small cell carcinoma 35, small cell carcinoma 5), and 10 cases were benign lesions(inflammatory disease 7, others 3) Results : Of the 50 patients, lesions detected bleeding after bronchial brushing was 34 cases(68%) and lesions detected by EBUS was 33 cases(66%). Sensitivity was 90.0-95.4%, Specificity was 83.3-80%, Positive predictive value(PPV) was 83.3-95.4% and Negative predictive value(NPV) was 80-90.9%. Diagnostic rates in visualized lesion by EBUS and otal peripheral lesions were 75%(25/33), 58%(29/50) respectively. There was no significant complication related with bronchial brushing. Conclusions : Bleeding sign by bronchial brushing was safe and effective method to predict location of peripheral pulmonary lesion with sufficient diagnostic yield

서울 대기 중 미세 먼지 노출로 인한 위해도에 근거한 우선 관리 지역 선정 : 이론적 사망 위해도 및 손실비용을 근거로

김예신,이용진,신동천 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1

It is important to select a risk based priority area for environmental policy formation and decision-making. We estimated the health risks and associated damage costs from exposure to fine particles and assigned priority areas for twenty-five districts in Seoul. In order to estimate the theoretical mortality incidence of the health risk, baseline risks were estimated from mortality rates in two low level areas of fine particles, Seocho Gu and Cheju city. To estimate the damage cost from the risk estimates, we investigated and estimated the willingness to pay(WTP) for specific risk reduction. We assumed two different locations as the reference area, Cheju city as Scenario I and Seocho gu as Scenariao Ⅱ. From the results, the five districts, Kwangjin, Chungnang, Kangbuk, Nowon, and Kangnam, ranked high in the categories of both health risk and economic risk. Damage costs were over twenty billion won in each of these districts. As there are uncertainties in these results, the parameter values such as PM_(2.5) level, dose-response slope factor, baseline risk, exposure population and WTP should be continuously validated and refined.

화학물질 우선순위 선정 기법에 대한 비교 분석

김예신,박화성,이동수,신동천 한국환경독성학회 2003 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Although the variety and quantities of chemicals used have been increasing, no management strategies have been developed for these chemicals in our country. Therefore, it is important to identify the hazardous characteristics of chemicals and establish reasonable and effective management plans for them. However, because insufficient resources are available to evaluate all aspects of many varieties of chemicals, studies on suitable chemical ranking and scoring(CRS) system should be performed to ensure effective screening of priority chemicals. In addition, because most CRS systems have their own goals, it is impossible for only one generic system to be consistent with all the uses that have been developed. Therefore, priority systems should be developed with specific and clearly defined purposes in our nation. In this study, we investigated and discussed existing CRS systems, and proposed several elements and principles when designing CRS systems. First of all, the system should have clearly defined goals, keep neutral, and employ simple methods. In addition, researchers need to perform sensitivity analysis to find the main variables responsible for uncertainties and use the tiered approach to compose the effective management strategies for chemicals.

지하수 중 자연방사성물질의 위해성 관리에 대한 고찰

신동천,김예신,문지영,박화성,김진용,박선구 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.4

At present, the health risks associated with the natural radionuclides of ground water have become a concern as potential social problems. However, there are no regulatory actions or control strategies for such risks. Therefore, we have investigated and discussed the risks and associated management strategies for radionuclides in other countries. US EPA has proposed MCL (300 pCi/L) and AMCL (4,000 pCi/L) for radon, and 30 ppb for uranium, 15 pCi/L for gross-alpha and 5 pCi/L for radium as final MCLs. Also, Canada, WHO and European countries have their inherent management levels. Finally, we suggested several criteria for setting guidelines in our countries including exposure related criteria such as geological distribution, occurrence, exposure probability distribution, exposure population and multimedia exposure assessment, acceptable risk, and cost-benefit analysis. The national-scale exposure and risk assessment, and economic analysis should be conducted for producing and aggregating the representative information on these criteria.

소화성 궤양에서 삼제 병합 요법의 저용량에 의한 Helicobacter pylori 제균률과 궤양 치유효과

김예리,박봉안,이재동,이종혁,김인숙,박형석,진춘조,김상윤,박의우 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2000 건국의과학학술지 Vol.10 No.-

Helicobacter pylori is the major cause of histologic chronic gastritis and is strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer and lymphoma. Several recommendations for the management of the Helicobacter pylori infection have been developed. However, there has been no clear therapeutic regimen for the optimal treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. This study was desinged to evaluate the eradication rate and the ulcer healing rate of the triple regimen with low-dose clarithromycin(0.5g/day) in peptic ulcer patients. Forty three patients with gastric ulcer(n=15) and duodenal ulcer(n=28) were enrolled. The patients were treated either with omeprazole 20mg b.i.d. amoxicillin 0.5g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 250mg b.i.d. (low-dose regimen group, n=29) or with omeprazole 20mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1.0g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 0.5g b.i.d.(high-dose regimen group, n= 14) for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, the patients were evaluated for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the healing of ulcer. And gastritis scores according to the Sydney system were evaluated before and after 4 weeks from the end of the triple regimen. There was no significant difference in the eradication rate and the ulcer healing rate between the low-dose regimen group, group and the high-does regimen group. In the low-does regimen group, the mean initial scores of chronic inflammation and activity were decreased after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. In conclusion, the low-dose triple regimen is as effective as the high-dose triple regimen on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and the ulcer healing rate in peptic ulcer disease.

울산 지역에서 대기중 벤젠으로 인한 암 사망 손실비용 추정 모형에 관한 연구

이용진,김예신,신동천,신영철 한국환경경제학회 한국자원경제학회 2004 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.13 No.1

울산 지역에서 대기중 벤젠으로 인한 발암 인체영향에 대한 경제성 평가를 위해서, 건강 위해성 평가를 수행하여 대상 지역의 이론적 암 사망지수를 추정하고, 대상 지역 주민을 대상으로 가상 가치평가법을 통한 위해도 감소의 지불의사금액을 추정하여 1인의 통계적 생명가치액을 유도하여 이론적 암 사망지수에 대한 사망 손실비용을 유도하였다. 대상 지역의 대기중 벤젠의 평균 농도는 7.88㎍/㎥(min : 1.16∼max : 23.32㎍/㎥)로 조사되어 US EPA IRIS의 벤젠 단위 위해도 2.2×10^(-6)∼7.8∼10^(-6)을 사용하고, 30세 이상의 노출인구수 51만 6,641명에 대한 인구 집단 위해도를 추정한 결과 10년간 발생 가능한 발암 사망지수는 2.90명(5 percentile : 0.32명∼95 percentile : 9.11명)으로 조사되었다. 1인의 통계적 생명가치액을 추정하기 위하여, 공단 지역의 지불의사금약 모형을 추정한 결과, 응답자의 암 치료경험 유·무와 기대 여명, 가족수, 교육수즌이 유의한 영향 요인으로 조사되었고, 연간 1만 평당 5명의 위해도 감소에 대한 지불의사금액은 월1만 4,852원(95% C.I : 1만3,135원∼1만6,794)으로 산출되었으며, 위해도 감소치를 고려한 1인의 통계적 생명가치액은 약 3억6,000만원(95% C.I:3억2,000만원∼4억원)으로 추정되었다. 대기중 벤젠의 발암 영향으로 인한 건강 손실비용은 발암 위해성 평가로 추정된 이론적 사망지수에 1인의 통계적 생명가치액을 곱하여 추정하였다. 추정 결과, 현 수준의 벤젠의 발암 영향이 10년간 지속될 경우 약 10억원(5 percentile: 1억원∼95 percentile: 33억원)의 건강 손실이 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 본 연구 결과, 대기중 벤젠의 노출로 인한 위해도를 줄이기 위해서는 벤젠 단독물질에 대해서 이론적으로 10년간 약 10억원에 대응하는 감소 대책에 투자하여햐 한다. 그러나 벤젠 한 물질만을 감소시키기 위한 대안은 현실적이지 못하므로, 이 연구를 모델로 하여 차후 벤젠을 포함한 휘발성 유기오염물질에 대한 총합 적용이 필요하고, 손실비용을 재추정해야 할 것이다. This study aimed to evaluate cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation. We performed health risk assessment based on US EPA guideline to estimate annual population risk in Ulsan metropolitan city. Also, we estimated a willingness-to-pay amount for reducing a cancer mortality rate to evaluate a value of statistical life. We combined the annual population risk and the value of statistical life to calculate the cancer damage cost. In the health risk assessment, we applied the benzene unit risk (2.2×10^(-6)~7.8×10^(-6)) in the US EPA's Integrated Risk Information System to assess the annual population risk. Average concentration of benzene in ambient air is 7.88 ㎍/㎥(min: 1.16~ max: 23.32 ㎍/㎥). We targeted an exposure population of 516,641 persons who aged over 30 years old. Using a Monte-Carlo simulation for uncertainty analysis, we evaluated that the population risk of benzene during ten years in Ulsan city is 2.90 persons (5 percentile: 0.32 ~ 95 percentile: 9.11 persons). And the monthly averagc WTP for 5/1,000 cancer mortality reduction during ten years is 14,852 Won(95% C.I: 13,135 ~ 16,794 Won) and the implied VSL is 36 million Won(95% C.I: 32~40 million Won). Cancer damage cost due to risk from benzene inhalation during 10 years in Ulsan city is about 104 million Won(5 percentile: 13 ~95 percentile: 328 million Won). Health benefit cost to reduce a cancer mortality risk of benzene is about 50 million Won in Ulsan metropolitan city. But, it is very important that this cost is not for all health damage cost of cancer mortality in some area. We just recommended a model for evaluating a cancer risk reduction, so we must re-evaluate all integrated application of total VOCs damage cost including benzene.

대기중 유해 화학 물질의 인체 위해도 우선순위 선정 연구

박화성,김예신,이동수,신동천 한국환경독성학회 2004 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Although it is suggested that risk-based management plan is needed to manage air pollution effectively, we have no resources enough to evaluate all aspects of substances and set priorities. So we need to develop a logical and easy risk-based priority setting method. However, it is impossible that only on generic system that is consistent with all the use is developed. In this study, we proposed a human health risk based priority-setting method for hazardous air pollutants, and ranked priorities for this method. First of all, after investigating previous chemical ranking and scoring systems, we chose appropriate indicators and logics to goal of this study and made a chemical priority ranking method using these. As results, final scores in priority ranking method were derived for 25 substances, and ethylene oxide, acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride were included in high ranks. In addition, same substances were highly ranked when using default values like when using no default, but the scores of hydrofluoric acid and cyan and compounds were sensitive to default values. This study could be important that priorities were set including toxicity type and quality and local inherent exposure conditions and we can set area-specific management guidelines and survey plans as a screening tool.

다시마 푸코이단추출물과 지질대사의 연관성

강금석,남천석,김인덕,권륜희,이동찬,허예영,하배진 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 自然科學論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan extract (LJFE) on the biochemical parameters of lipid-related function were investigated in liver and serum of CCl_(4)-treated rats. LJFE of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5 ml/kg for 14 days. On the day 15, 3.3 ml/kg of CCl_(4) dissolved in olive oil (1:1) was injected 12 hours before anesthetization. We examined the lipid-related functions and enzyme activitys by measuring the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum. The results showed that CCl_(4) treatment increased the high values of TG, LDH and ALP decreased the low values of TC but LJFE pretreatment decreased the high values of TG, LDH and ALP to the low values, increased the TC. It was suggested that LJFE can be used as the potential candidate for the lipid-metabolism natural supplement.

서당과 소학의 전통교육이 현대 인성교육에 주는 함의

신창호 ( Shin Chang-ho ),예철해 ( Ye Cheol-hae ),윤영돈 ( Yoon Young-don ),임홍태 ( Lim Hong-tae ),지준호 ( Chi Chun-ho ) 안암교육학회 2017 한국교육학연구 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 조선시대 아동·청소년 교육의 중심이 된 서당과 소학교육을 검토하고, 그것이 현대 인성교육에 주는 함의를 살펴보는 작업이다. 이른바 전통교육을 현대 인성교육의 차원에서 모색하는 시도이다. 소학의 경우, 효(孝)와 경(敬)을 교육의 핵심내용으로 담고 있으며, 그것은 일상생활에서 실천할 수 있는 구체적 행위 지침을 제시하고 있다. 이에 소학의 기본인 쇄소응대진퇴(灑掃應對進退)와 예악사어서수(禮樂射御書數)의 의미를 구체적으로 분석하여 현대적 독해를 시도하였다. 소학에서 주의할 만한 함의는 교육내용의 습관화(習慣化)이다. 습관은 행위의 지속을 보장하기 때문에 인성을 강화하고 성장시킨다. 그것이 인성교육의 근본내용이자 방법으로 기능할 수 있다. 서당의 경우, 소학의 내용을 현실적으로 담보하며 실제로 가능케 하는 교육공간, 즉 학교라는 점에서 소학의 내용과 유기적으로 연결되는 동시에 실천하는 역할을 한다. 서당의 교육에서는 교육방법을 중심으로 고찰하였는데, 강독(講讀)과 제술(製述), 습자(習字)를 중심으로 교수-학습법을 구명하였다. 그 결과 소학과 서당의 전통 아동·청소년 교육은 현대 인성교육의 차원에서 몇 가지 시사점을 던져 준다. 첫째, 건전한 인성 형성을 위한 교육내용의 습관화, 둘째, 지식과 도덕의 융합과 통일화, 셋째, 인성확립을 위한 개별 수준의 학문과 깨달음의 전수이다. The purpose of this research is to examine So-Hak(小學) and Seodang(書堂) education, which were at the heart of child-adolescent education in Cho-Sun dynasty, and their implications on character education. In other words, this research is an attempt to review a traditional education from a modern character education perspective. So-Hak contains as major educational concepts Hyo(孝) and Kyeong(敬), guiding principles of daily lives. In this research, two basic concepts of So-Hak were reinterpreted from a modern perspective, namely, Soe-So-Eung-Dae-Jin-Tae(灑掃應對 進退) and Ye-Ak-Sa-Eu-Seo-Su(禮樂射御書數). One of major implications of So-Hak lies on the habituation of what is learned, for habit leads to continuation of action, out of which the development of character emerges. As such, the role of habituation in character education is twofold, namely, basic educational content and method. Seodang is a school in which the teachings of So-Hak is realized. From an educational method perspective, Seodang`s teaching-learning methods of reading, writing, and calligraphy methods were examined. As a result, three implications of So-Hak and Seodang were drawn, the habituation of what is learned, unification of knowledge and morality, and individualized learning based on one`s own level.

Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of the Gene Encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase from Hazel (Corylus avellana L. Gasaway)

( Ye Chun Wang ),( Bin Hui Guo ),( Fei Zhang ),( Hong Yan Yao ),( Zhi Qi Miao ),( Ke Xuan Tang ) 생화학분자생물학회 2007 BMB Reports Vol.40 No.6