지방정부의 시민조사(Citizen Survey)활용에 대한 논의

조이현 韓國外國語大學校 附設 公共政策硏究所 1997 公共政策硏究 Vol.14 No.2

중국에서의 정치ㆍ경제발전에 따른 공무원 제도개혁

曺利鉉,李栢薰 건국대학교 사회정책연구소 1998 사회과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

잉어류 바이러스성전신괴사증바이러스 (VSNCV) 백신 투여에 대한 잉어의 면역반응

조미영,손상규,김이청,김진우,오명주,정성주,박수일 한국어병학회 2003 한국어병학회지 Vol.16 No.3

양식 잉어류에서 심각한 피해를 야기하고 있는 VSNCV에 대한 백신을 제작하며 잉어에 투여한 후 특이적 및 비특이적 면역반응을 조사하였다. 백신은 포르마린처리백신 (FKV)과 가온처리백신 (HKV)를 제작하여 건강한 잉어에 0.2㎖씩 복강주사 하였으며, 2주 후 동일한 방법으로 boost처리하였다. 백신 투여 후 비특이적 면역반응 중 혈청 라이소자인 활성과 대식세포의 chemiluminescent (CL) reponses은 1차 주사 후 및 boost 처리 후 2일째부터 7일째까지 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으며, 이후 대조구 수준으로 감소하였다. ELISA법으로 항체가를 조사한 결과 대조구를 제외한 FKV와 HKV 투여구에서 주사 후 2주 째부터 boost처리 후 6주 째까지 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 그 중에서도 boost 처리 후 2주 째에 VSNCV로 공격 실험한 결과 FKV 투여구에서는 20%의 누적폐사율을 나타내어 방어력이 인정 되었으나, HKV투여구에서는 70%의 누적폐사율이 나타나 방어효과가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. VSNC is a viral disease causing significant economic losses in cultured carp Ciprinus carpio L. in Korea. Carps were immunized with prepared vaccines against VSNCV and examined specific and nonspecific immune responses. Carps were injected by 0.2㎖ of formalin-killed vaccine(FKV), heat-killed vaccine(HKV) or E-MEM, respectively and dealt with boost with same way two weeks later. The lysozyme activity of serum and chemiluminescent reponses of head-kidney leucocytes showed increased responses during 2-7 days post-first injection(pfi) and post-boost(pb) in the vaccinated fish, and then decreased to the level of control. As measured by ELISA, vaccinated groups showed a significant increase in VSNCV-specific serum antibodies between 2 weeks pfi and 6 weeks pb with a peak at 2 weeks pb. Results of the virus challenge showed that the fish vaccinated with FKV have induced protective immunity, white HKV injection hardly provided protection.

혈액종양 환자의 중심정맥 카테터에 대한 헤파린 관류와 생리식염수 관류의 효과 비교

문초희,연보라,김현진,은방희,배영이 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of heparin flushing and normal saline flushing in maintaining patency of central venous catheters(CVCs), and to investigate relative risk factors of CVCs' occlusion. Method: A total of 159 patients who had been inserted with CVCs were included in the department of hemato-oncology of S hospital. The heparin group consisted of 74 patients with 10u/ml diluted heparin flushing from 23 November 2004 to 15 January 2005, and the normal saline group consisted of 85 patients with 0.9% normal saline flushing from 19 January to 31 March of 2005. Result: The heparin group was significantly different from the normal saline group in CVCs' occlusion. The normal saline group offered a much longer survival duration of CVCs' patency than the heparin group. Potential bleeding signs (PT, aPTT) had no significant differences. In multivariate analysis, 0.9% normal saline (hazard ratio 0.50), chemo port (hazard ratio 3.38), and no administration of TPN (hazard ratio 0.25) were the significant factors for occlusion of CVCs. Conclusion: For maintaining the patency of CVCs, 0.9% normal saline flushing are expected to be effective in reducing drug incompatibilities, lessening the bleeding tendency and improving cost effectiveness .

최대 등척성 수축시 표면근전도에서 근 수축 개시점 결정을 위한 기법들의 신뢰도

정이정,조상현,이정훈,이상헌 한국전문물리치료학회 2003 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative accuracy of a range of computer-based analysis with respect to EMG onset determined visually by an experienced examiner. Ten healthy students (6 male, 4 female) were recruited and three times randomly selected trials of isometric contraction of wrist flexion and extension were evaluated using four technique. These methods were compared which varied in terms of EMG processing, threshold value and the number of samples for which the mean must exceed the defined threshold, and beyond 7% of maximum amplitude. To identify determination of onset time, ICCs(Intraclass Correlation Coefficients) was used and inter-rater and intra-rater reliability ranged good in visually derived onset values. The results of this study present that in wrist flexion and extension, the reliability of the inter and intra-examiner muscle contraction onset times through visual analysis showed beyond .971 with ICCs. The reliability of the muscle contraction onset time decision through visual reading, tested with computer analysis, showed a relationship of all the selected analysis methods with ICCs .859 and .871. The objective computer-based analysis comparing with visual reading at the same time is the effective and qualitative data analysis method, considering the specificity of each study method.

α1,3-Gal Knock out Pigs Increases N-Glycolylneuraminic Acids

Jong-Yi Park,Mi-Ryung Park,Hong-Thuy Bui,Deug-Nam Kwon,Min-Hui Kang,Mihye Oh,Jae-Woong Han,Ssang-Goo Cho1,Chankyu Park,Hosup Shim,Hye-Min Kim,Man-Jong Kang,Jin-Ki Park,Jeong-Woong Lee,Kyung-Kwang Lee 한국동물번식학회 2012 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.36 No.2s

In this study, we examined whether Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antigens are important as an immunogenic non-a1,3-galactose (Gal) epitope in pigs with a disrupted a1,3- galactosyltransferase gene. The targeting efficiency of the AO blood genotype was achieved (2.2%) in pig fibroblast cells. A total of 1800 somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were transferred to 10 recipients. One recipient developed to term and naturally delivered two piglets. The a1,3-galactosyltransferase activity in lung, liver, spleen, and testis of heterozygote a1,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout (GalT-KO) pigs was significantly decreased, whereas brain and heart showed very low decreasing levels of a1,3- galactosyltransferase activity when compared to those of control. Enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay showed that the heterozygote GalT-KO pig had more sialyla2,6- and sialyla2,3- linked glycan than the control. Furthermore, the heart, liver, and kidney of the heterozygote GalT-KO pig had a higher N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) content than the control, whereas the lung of the heterozygote GalT-KO pig had Neu5Gc content similar to the control. Collectively, the data strongly indicated that Neu5Gc is a more critical xenoantigen to overcoming the next acute immune rejection in pig to human xenotransplantation.

복합레진의 광중합 전ㆍ후와shade guide의 색차 비교

엄정문,조성식,전이주 大韓齒科保存學會 1999 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.24 No.2

明礬石의 利用에 關한 硏究 : 玉埋山産 明礬石으로 加里ㆍammonia 混合肥料의 工業的製造方法 The industrial manufacturing method of potashammonia mixtuse fertilizrr from alunite mined at Mt. Ok Mae

金崧平,趙哲衡,金二炫 朝鮮大學校 工科大學 1974 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

It was found that almost all amount of K₂SO₄in uncalcined alunite was extracted in the forms of K₂SO₄(NH₄)₂SO₄mixture in proper concentration (7∼8mol) of ammonia water. This process was attempted to extract the potash ammonia ferlitizer fron the uncalcined mt. ok mae alunite ore under appopriate raction temperature and react-on time. The indastrial manufactuing methods of the potsh-ammonia mixtnre fertilizer are as follows; (1) The appliable reaction temperatare by the experimental data, was 230∼240℃ (2) The optimum time applied to the reaction was 3 to 4 hoars.

대농갱이 암,수의 성장 차이

강언종,이배익,조미영,손상규,김광석,김이청,방인철 한국어류학회 2003 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

대농갱이는 동자개과의 담수어로 고부가가치를 창출 할 수 있는 새로운 담수 양식 대상종으로 주목받고 있으나 현재까지 성장도 등 양식에 대한 기초정보가 밝혀지지 않았으며, 본 연구에서는 인공으로 생산한 자 ? 치어를 사육하면서 암 ? 수의 성장 차이를 비교 ? 조사하였다. 암수의 정확한 성장 차이를 구명하기 위해 본 실험은 자어 초기 조직검사에 의한 조사와 치어기부터 표지법에 의한 조사로 구분하여 실시하였다. 조직학적 판별에 의한 암수간 성장비교 시험 결과 부화 후 50일까지는 수컷과 암컷의 성장차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 부화 80일 후에는 수컷(체장 72.0±6.7㎜, 체중 3.71±6.7g이 암컷(체장 64.3±6.7㎜, 체중 3.71±0.99g)보다 성장이 빠른 것으로 나타나 대농갱이는 부화 후 50일에서 80일 사이에 암 ? 수의 성장차이가 시작되는 것으로 사료되었다. 부화 80일 이후 조사는 표지법이 개체 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 후 본 실험에 착수하였으며 표지구는 대조구와 사이에 유으적인 성장의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 개체간 성장차이는 조직학적 판별 결과와 동일한 경향으로 수컷이 암컷보다 성장이 유의적으로 빨랐으며(P<0.05), 시험 종료 후 암컷과 수컷의 크기는 수컷이 평균 체장 17.57㎝, 체중 52.19g으로 암컷의 평균 체장 11.02㎝, 체중 16.26g보다 체장은 약 1.5배, 체중은 약 3배이상 큰 것으로 나타났다(p=0.05). 체중으로 본 성장곡선은 지수성장을 보였으며, 수컷은 Y=0.0024X^(1.738)(R^(2)=0.985), 암컷은 Y=0.0405X^(1.0316)(R^(2)=0.983)의 지수식에 밀접하게 수렵되었고 성장의 차이는 사육기간이 길어질수록 크게 나타났다. The Ussurien bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, of the family Bagridae has recently been targeted for freshwater culture in Korea. In this paper we investigated sexual dimorphism in body size in rearing condition using specimens produced artificially. Tissue sections of gonads were made between 20 and 80 days after hatching to identify sex of the specimens investigated. A difference in body size between sexes was not observed in fry until they were 50 days old. Male fry 80 days old had attained 81.62f7.21 ㎜ total length, and females 72.84±8.62 ㎜ total length. After 80 days the difference in body size was analysed by tagging. Applying the tag by cutting fin tips had no affect on the growth of the fishes (P< 0.05). The growth in body size of males was significantly faster (P< 0.05) than in females, and males attained about 1.5 times more in standard length and about 3 times more in body weight than females at the end of 320 days. The growth curve of body weight was exponential and the body weight was expressed by Y = 0.0024X^(1.738) (R² = 0.985) and Y = 0.0405X^(1.0316)(R² = 0.983) in male and female, respectively, observed at monthly intervals.

Chinese Hamster Ovary 세포에 발현시킨 유전자재조합 사람 갑상선자극호르몬 수용체를 이용한 갑상선자극호르몬 수용체 항체 측정

조보연,이홍규,김원배,고창순,고경수,정재훈,이가희 대한내분비학회 1995 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.10 No.4

Thyroid stimulating antibody which results in the development of hyperthyroidism and goiter in Graves' patients used to be measured by using rat thyroid cells, FRTL-5. However, this assay has disadvantages: decreased sensitivity due to differences in species, and fastidious culture conditions for FRTL-5 cells. Thus, we recently created stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells containing the human TSH receptor(hTSHR-CHO) and developed optimal conditions for the measurement of thyroid stimulating antibody using hTSHR-CHO cells. In this study, to evaluate the clinical relevance of thyroid stimulating antibody measurement using hTSHR-CHO cells, we measured thyroid stimulating antibody activities of IgGs from Graves' disease and other thyroid disease using hTSHR-CHO cells, and compared to those of thyroid stimulating antibody assays using FRTL-5 cells. 1) The cut off value of positive thyroid stimulating antibody activity measured in hTSHR-CHO cells was 145%(above the mean +2SD) which was lower than 165% in FRTL-5 cells. The intra-assay and inter-assay variances were 3.9% to 9.0% and 12.7% to 1.6%, respectively. 2) Thyroid stimulating antibody activity was detected in 90% of patients with untreated Graves' disease when patients initially presented. Further, in patients seen initially but already under therapy, 75% had positive values if they were hyperthyroid but only 43% had IgGs with activity if they were euthyroid. Patients in clinical remission after therapy showed positive values in 23% of cases. Only 2 of 25 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis showed weak thyroid stimulating antibody activity, none of 18 patients with nodular nontoxie goiter, 1 of 15 patients with primary myxedema, and 2 of 33 control patients with no thyroid disease. Thus, the detection frequency and specificity of the assay with hTSHR-CHO cells was excellent for this type bioassay. 3) The detection frequency of thyroid stimulating antibody activity by hTSHR-CHO cells assay system(90%) was higher than that by FRTL-5 cells assay system(66%) in untreated Graves' patients. Those two activities were positively correlated with each other(r=0.52, p$lt;0.001). However, some IgGs showed discrepancy of the thyroid stimulating antibody activity measured in hTSHR-CHO cells and in FRTL-5 cells; 56 of 87 patients were positive in both cells system, 8 of 87 were negative in both cells system, 1 of 87 was only positive in FRTL-5 cells and 22 of 87 were only positive in hTSHR-CHO cell system. Thus, 73%(22/30) of IgGs showing negative values of thyroid stimulating antibody activities in FRTL-5 cells were detected its activities in hTSHR-CHO cells system. In summary, thyroid stimulating antibody assay with hTSHR-CHO cells exhibited so excellent sensitivity and specificity that this technique should be used for clinical practice as well as basic research(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 10: 347-361, 1995).