이슈네트워크의 변화와 환경규제정책변동 - 황령산 개발 이슈의 분석

고한산(Koh Han-San),김창수(Kim Chang-Soo) 한국지방정부학회 2007 지방정부연구 Vol.11 No.1

  본 연구는 이슈네트워크의 변화와 환경규제정책변동과의 관계를 규명하기 위해 1992년 이후 현재까지 부산광역시 황령산 개발사례를 분석하였다. 본 사례에서 정책행위자들의 상호작용구조, 즉 이슈네트워크의 변화는 환경규제의 완화와 강화에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 각 시기별 정책변동에 있어서 부산시와 기업의 관계가 매우 긴밀한 전략적 관계를 형성하고 다른 행위자들의 관계가 느슨하고 영향력이 약할 때, 이는 곧 개발의 진행을 가능하게 하는 환경규제완화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 환경단체와 주민모임이 긴밀하고 협력적인 관계를 형성하고 여기에 정치인이 가세할 때 개발을 보류시키는 환경규제 강화가 나타났다. 이처럼 이슈네트워크는 참여자들의 관계구조가 매우 유동적인 경우에 정책변동을 설명하는 유력한 분석틀이며, 민주화된 상황에서 관련 정보가 공개되고 공유되면서 사회적 합의를 이루어내는 유용한 도구로 평가되었다. 그리고 관련 정책이슈가 등장했을 때 이슈네트워크의 형성은 바람직한 정책변동을 유도할 가능성이 높기 때문에 정책행위자들은 개방적인 이슈네트워크의 형성에 관심을 가져야 함을 제안하였다.   This research looks at the relationship between the structures of interaction among policy actors, that is, the issue network and the environmental regulatory policy change. The cases which are used in this paper are the spa development and the interior ski dome construction on Hwanglyoung Mountain that took place from 1992 to 2006.<BR>  In this research, those cases are divided into three periods; the beginning of development, the suspension of development, and the time proceeding development at each period. What is analyzed is how the interaction structure change of policy actors affected the policy change.<BR>  We found that at each period, the changes in the issue network determined by the interaction degree of policy actors had considerable influence on the regulatory policy change. So we suggested that policy actors of issue networks should participate in policy issues positively for the desirable policy change.

측두하악장애 치료 후 하악 안정위의 고경 변화에 관한 연구

김창현,한경수 원광대학교 치의학연구소 2003 圓光齒醫學 Vol.12 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the change of the mandibular vertical dimension, especially at the several rest positions, induced by speech and swallowing after treatment of temporomandibular disorders and to compare the vertical dimemion among those several mandibular rest positions. Thirty patients with temporomandibular disordem participated in this study, and the mean follow-up period after the first visit was 9.7 months. Clinical parameters related to pain, mandibular mobility, occlusion, and parafunction were examined. Subjects were asked to sit upright with relaxed natural head posture and then the two mandibular movements were performed, and recorded with BioEGN of Biopak system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA). A sentence of 'Sue is missing her house' was used to record the speech pattern. The positions observed and named in speech movement were rest, 'ssi', 'her', 'ha', and 's' position, and in swallowing movement were rest before swallowing, swallowing-early, swallowing-late, 0.5 sec. after swallowing, and rest after swallowing. Data obtained were processed and analysed by SPSS windows(ver. 10.0) program, and the results of this study were as follows: The mandibular positions showing vertical difference between before and after treatment were 'her', 'ha', and 's' in speech, and were swallowing-late, 0.5 sec. after swallowing, and rest after swallowing in swallowing. All these positions were located in the late half of the movements and the vertical dimension of rest positions in swallowing were increased after treatment. Rest positions in both of the movements did not show any significant difference for the vertical distance from habitual intercuspal position among them before treatment, however, which were changed and allowed differentiation after treatment. The vertical dimension of rest positions ranged 1.0-2.5mm in both of the movements. The ratio of the maximum opening range at the swallowing-late position in swallowing movement to the maximum Opening range at the 'ha' position in speech before and after treatment were 31% and 36%, respectively. Correlation between the vertical dimension of rest positions and the clinical maximum opening range were significantly negative at the 'mi' and 's' position only in speech movement before treatment. In conclusion, it was not easy to decide which position of all the mandibular positions observed in speech and in swallowing was the optimal mandibular rest position. However, the author suggested that the optimal mandibular rest position could be induced by and after swallowing movement.

Fluoxetine과 Haloperidol의 병합투여시 정신병리 및 추체외로 증상의 변화

이민수,한창수,김제원,원경식,곽동일,Lee, Min-Soo,Han, Chang-Su,Kim, Jae-Won,Won, Kyung-Sik,Kwak, Dong-Il 대한생물정신의학회 1997 생물정신의학 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 정신분열증 환자 38명을 대상으로 하여 haloperidol과 fluoxetine을 8주간 병합투여 하였고, PANSS, CGI, Simpson-Angus 척도를 투여전과 투여후 2, 4, 6, 8주에 시행하여 임상증상 및 추체외로 부작용을 평가하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 8주간의 연구기간동안 양성, 음성증상의 유의한 변화가 없었다. 2) 8주의 연구기간동안 추체외로 부작용의 증가가 나타나지 않았다. 이는 기존 연구에서 fluoxetine에 의해 haloperidol의 혈중농도가 증가하여 효과 및 부작용이 증가한다는 연구보고와는 다르며, 이 결과는 haloperidol과 fluoxetine의 병합사용을 안전하게 할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다고 하겠다. Objectives : The authors have intended to know the drug interaction of fluoxetine and haloperidol when coadministering two drugs to the chronic schizophrenics by assessing the changes of positive, negative symptoms and extrapyramidal symptoms. Method : We selected 38 patients, the chronic schizophrenics with no physical problems. they are randomly assigned to placebo group and drug group. And then, placebo or fluoxetine 20mg were administered to the subjects of each group during 8 week period. We have assessed their psychopatholgy and extrapyramidal symptoms using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS), Clinical Global Impression(CGI), Simpson-Angus Scale at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 week during the period. Results : 38 patients have completed the study during 8 weeks. 1) PANSS, CGI : no significant difference between groups and no significant change according to the times. 2) Simpson-Angus Scale : no significant changes. Conclusion : When co-administering fluoxetine and haloperidol, there were no significant changes of psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms. These results suggest that it is safe to coadminister fluoxetine to schizophrenic patients with haloperidol treatmemt.

感染性 疾患의 臨床疫學的 硏究

張友鉉,朴熙明,金漢壽,李承薰 現代醫學社 1969 現代醫學 Vol.10 No.4

The advancement of modern medicine, particularly the application of effective chemotherapeutics and preventive measures, have brought significant changes on the ecological aspect of microbial diseases of man. It was thought worthwhile to study the recent trends and present status of microbial infections in this country. Thus, the relative incidences and their etiological relationships of bacterial species, the pattern of drug sensitivities among the strains, and also the cases diagnosed by the serological methods were studied for the patients of SNU Hospital from January 1963 to December 1967. The results might be summarized as follows; 1. Relationships between bacteria and diseases (1) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from various abscess, were α-hemolytic streptococcus 26.6%, Staphyloccus aureus 22.6%, paracolon bacilli 9.9%, coliform bacilli 8.1%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 7.6%, E. coil 6.9%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 5.9%. Staphylococcus albus 3.8%. Proteus 3.8%. Alkaligenes fecalis 2.1%, Diplococcus pneumoniae 1.8% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1.6%. (2) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the pyelonephritis cases, were E. coli, 39.5%, coliform bacilli 13.5%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9.3%, Proteus 7.4%, Staphylococcus albus 4.6%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 4.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 2.8%, Klebsiella pnemoniae 2.8%, and Alkaligenes fecalis 2.8%. (3) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the osteomyelitis cases, were Staphylococcus aureus 46.5%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 12%, Staphyococcus albus 12%, coliform bacilli 6.9%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 6.9%, paracolon bacilli 5.2% and E. coli 3.5%. (4) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the surgical infections were Staphylococcus aureus 33%, E. coli 15.1%, coliform bacilli 11.6%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10.7%, paracolon bacilli 9.8%, Proteus 7.1%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 3.5%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.7%, and Alkaligenes fecalis 0.9%. (5) The species and their relative incidences of bacteria, isolated from the pneumonia cases, were Diplococcus pneumoniae 14.4%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 9.6%, Staphylococcus aureus 10.3%, β-hemolytic streptococcus 4.8%, paracolon bacilli 4.8%, E. coli 3.4%, coliform bacilli 3.4%, α-hemolytic streptococcus 34.6% and Staphylococcus albus 13.6%. (6) 44 strains of Salmonella group D were isolated. (7) 207 cases of Salmonella typhosa infections, 39 cases of Salmonella paratyphi A infer ctions and 20 cases of Salmonella paratyphi B infections were diagnosed by Widal. Reactions. (8) No significant change in the yearly pattern between the bacterial species isolated and clinical cases was noticed. 2. Drug-sensitivities of the bacterial strains. (1) Percentage of Staphylococcus aureus strains sensitive to streptomycin, chloramphenicol. Or terramycin appeared to have fluctuated by year. Percentages of the strains sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin albamycin, and kanamycin were 25%, 85%, 99% and 99% respectively, without significant change by year. (2) Perentage of E. coil strain's sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol albamycin and kanamycin were 30%, 9% 70%, and 70% respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to terramjcin decreased from 33.3% in 1963 to 11.6% in 1967 to kanamycin increased from 72% in 1963 to 82% in 1967. None of the strains was sensitive to penicillin. (3) Percentage of proteus strains sensitive to penicillin, terramycin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol were 5%, 3%, 36% and 39%, respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to albamycin decreased from 72.5% in 1963 to 50% in 1967 and to kaiiainycin increased from 72% in 1963 to 82% in 1967. None of the strain was sensitive to erythromycin. (4) Percentage of Pseudomonas strains sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin chloramphenicol, terramycin, erythromycin, albamycin and kanamycin were wider 20% (5) Percentage of coliform bacilli strains sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramn henicol, terramycin, erythromycin and albamycin were 10%, 24%, 28%, 20% and 10% respectively, without significant change by year. Percentage of the strains sensitive to albamycin appeared to have fluctuated by year. The strains sensitive to kanamycin decreased from 80% in 1963 to 56% in 1967. (6) Pereeentage of paracolon bacilli sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, terrahiycin, erythromycin, kanamycin and albamycin were 3%, 27%, 33%, 20%, 8%, 80% and 65% respectively, without significant change by year.

혐기화 시간에 따른 활성슬러지의 물리·화학적 특성변화

이창한,나영수,김도한,이송우,송승구 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Physico-chemical properties of the activated sludges(Suyoung and Changlim treatment plant). such as SVI(sludge volume index), absorbance, specific surface area, and specific resistance using Buchener funnel test were investigated with changing anaerobic storage time. This experimental condition was found that it was possible to estimate a linear relationship between their parameters such as specific area, specific resistance, and sludge volume index(SVI). The specific surface area and the specific resistance to filtration of the activated sludges of Suyoung and Changlim treatment plant were found as 123.6~136.6㎡/gDS and 41.5 ~ 44.9㎡/gDS(dry solid), and 1.09×10^14 ~ 5.48×10^14m/㎏, respectively. The results gave a good linear relationship between the specific surface area and the specific resistance. r=2.25×10^12s-8.10×10^13(R^2=0.8885) at Suyoung treatment plant and r=1.26×10^13s-4.75×10^14(R^2=0.8756) at Canglim treatment plact.

Cronkhite-Canada 증후군 1예

이수걸,문창형,김무영,최성호,여동승,강필중,송철수,조몽,양웅석,허윤,문한규 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.2

저자들은 Cronkhite-Canada 증후군 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Cronkhite-Canada syndrome is a disease entity, including such characteristics as gastrointestinal polyposis associated with ectodermal changes-alopecia, hyperpigmentation of the skin and atrophy of the nails. But it has no familial tendency. In 1955, a report of 2 patients by Cronkhite and Canada established this entity as clinically distinct from any of the other known forms of gastrointestinal polyposis. Since that time, at least 53 similar casas has been described in the world literature, but no case has been reported in Korea.

DCT를 이용한 Motion-JPEG 과 MPEG 압축 Dynamic Video의 세분화 통합 연구

文昌洙,崔泰漢 順天靑巖大學 1996 論文集-順天靑巖大學 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of the image compression is to compress the data as best as we can, as well as to maintain the quality, the clarity and the brevity of the data admitted in the original image. Therefore, it can be used to compress the image data in the various proportion by removing the overlapping, which the image data involves, or by narrowing the bandwidth of correspondence channel in case of image transmission; to transmit and store the large amount of image data by making use of the minimum storage buffer. In recent, a number of algorithms were suggested for the compression of image data. But they chiefly focused on the improvement of compressibility, so that the restoration of original image had not a few problems. The image data, in this study, is processed on the DC sequence without decompression processing made on the JPEG, the MPEG dynamic graphic screen, which is the problem of the image compression making use of descrete cosine transform, the standard of JPEG, in case of the image restoration. And this thesis describes the algorithm trying to find out the screen which is changing abruptly and gradually on the JPEG and the MPEG compressed dynamic screen. The DC images (the small-changed part of the original image data) include almost all important data. The processing by DC images leads to thesaving of calculating time. The simulation experiment indicated that the algorithm suggested in this study was much more rapid and efficient to find out the abrupt, gradual changing screen than the former other algorithms.

RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 산림 탄소 동태 변화 추정 연구

이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),김성준 ( Seong Jun Kim ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손요환 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.1

산림은 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있으며, 산림 탄소 동태는 기후변화에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산림에서 가장 우점하는 침엽수종과 활엽수종인 소나무림과 참나무림을 대상으로 최근 개발 및 개선된 한국형산림토양탄소모델(Korean ForestSoil Carbon model; KFSC model)을 이용하여 두 가지 기후변화 시나리오(2012년 기온이 2100년까지 유지되는 시나리오(CT), Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 시나리오) 하에서의 산림 탄소 동태를 예측하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료로부터 소나무림과 굴참나무림 조사구들을 추출한 뒤, 이를 행정구역(9개 도, 7개 특별·광역시) 및 영급(1-5영급, 6영급이상)별로 분류하여 탄소 동태 모의 단위를 설정하였다. 탄소 저장고는 2012년을 기준으로 초기화하였으며, 모의 기간인 2012년부터 2100년까지 모든 교란은 고려하지 않았다. 모의 결과 산림 탄소 저장량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하지만, CT 시나리오에 비하여 RCP 8.5 시나리오 하에서 산림 탄소 저장량이 낮게 나타났다. 소나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 260.4에서 2100년에는 각각 395.3(CT 시나리오) 및 384.1(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 증가하였다. 굴 참나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 124.4에서 2100년에는 219.5(CT 시나리오) 및 204.7(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 각각 증가하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료와 비교한 결과, 고사유기물 탄소 저장량의 초기값은 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 기간 동안 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 연간 탄소 흡수율(g C m-2 yr-1)은 CT 시나리오 하에서 각각 71.1과 193.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서 각각 65.8과 164.2로 추정된다. 따라서 우리나라 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 탄소 흡수잠재력은 지구 온난화에 의하여 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 비록 모델의 구조와 파라미터로부터 불확실성이 존재하지만 본 연구는 미래 산림 탄소 동태 파악에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Forests contain a huge amount of carbon (C) and climate change could affect forest C dynamics. This study was conducted to predict the C dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests, which are the most dominant needleleaf and broadleaf forests in Korea, using the Korean Forest Soil Carbon (KFSC) model under the two climate change scenarios (2012-2100; Constant Temperature (CT) scenario and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario). To construct simulation unit, the forest land areas for those two species in the 5th National Forest Inventory (NFI) data were sorted by administrative district and stand age class. The C pools were initialized at 2012, and any disturbance was not considered during the simulation period. Although the forest C stocks of two species generally increased over time, the forest C stocks under the RCP 8.5 scenario were less than those stocks under the CT scenario. The C stocks of P. densiflora forests increased from 260.4 Tg C in 2012 to 395.3 (CT scenario) or 384.1 Tg C (RCP 8.5 scenario) in 2100. For Q. variabilis forests, the C stocks increased from 124.4 Tg C in 2012 to 219.5 (CT scenario) or 204.7 (RCP 8.5 scenario) Tg C in 2100. Compared to 5th NFI data, the initial value of C stocks in dead organic matter C pools seemed valid. Accordingly, the annual C sequestration rates of the two species over the simulation period under the RCP 8.5 scenario (65.8 and 164.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis) were lower than those values under the CT scenario (71.1 and 193.5 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis). We concluded that the C sequestration potential of P. densiflora and Q. variabilis forests could be decreased by climate change. Although there were uncertainties from parameters and model structure, this study could contribute to elucidating the C dynamics of South Korean forests in future.

Biochemical Adaptation of Pinus pumila on Low Temperature in Mt. Seorak, Korea

Kim Chan-Soo,Han Sim-Hee,Lee Wi-Young,Lee Jae-Cheon,Park Young-Ki,Oh Chang-Young 한국자원식물학회 2005 Plant Resources Vol.8 No.3

We tested the hypothesis that alpine plants have special physiological and biochemical mechanisms in addition to their structural adaptation in order to survive under extreme conditions. The photosynthetic organs of Pinus pumila were used to examine the seasonal changes in sugar concentration, antioxidative enzyme, and lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of sucrose, glucose, fructose and reducing sugar were the highest in the leaves in April. But sugar contents in buds and inner barks did not respond sensitively on temperature change. Meanwhile superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity responded sensitively on the change of temperature and SOD in all tissues maintained high activity in April. Meanwhile anthocyanin content increased rapidly in June but the increase of anthocyanin content was not enough to prevent their tissues from the damage by the exposure of high temperature or other stress. In conclusion, under low temperature condition, P. pumila increased the concentration of soluble sugars and SOD activity in their tissues in order to overcome extreme environmental condition. But in summer, these stress defense system against high temperature might be disturbed slightly. This results in the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in three tissues by lipid peroxidation.

개선된 텍스쳐 정보를 이용한 갑작스러운 조명 변화에 강인한 이동 물체 탐지

오요한(Yoe Han O),장형진(Hyung Jin Chang),김수완(Soo Wan Kim),최진영(Jin Young Choi) 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Moving object detection is a fundamental technique in visual surveillance. Robust technique to enhance performance of moving object detection is required for several bad conditions in real external circumtance. In case of sudden illumination change in outdoor condition. many objects are determined as moving object though they are not really moving, but just their illumination changes. This makes the detection result untrustworthy. In this paper, robust moving object detecton to sudden illumination change using gaussian mixture background model and new texture information using background from the weighted sum of recent images is proposed.