Representation of bounded Linear Operators on Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space

변두원,이성희,박달원,노영순,김승동 공주대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 과학교육연구 Vol.32 No.1

재생핵 힐버트공간에서 유계인 작용소는 어떤 적분변환의 형태로 표시된다. 또한 재생핵을 이용하여 어떤 적분변환의 형태가 유계인 작용소이기 위한 필요충분조건을 구한다. The bounded linear operators on a reproducing kernel Hilbert space can be represented in the form of generalized integral transform. Also, they are completely characterized by integral kernels.

항정신성 약물 사용에 따른 체중변화에 관한 연구

변은하,김상훈,김재민,박상학,김학열,박찬원 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Objective : Weight gain is one of the common side effects of antipsychotics and it has been known that the quality of life is decreased by weight gain. Therefbre the purpose of this study is to compare weight gain among the antipsychotics, which are frequently used in the clinical practice. Methods : We performed a retrospective chart review of 124 patients with schizophrenia who were treated at least 12 weeks with typical antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and halopehdol) or atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine). They were divided into three groups as treated with chlorpromazine (N=44), with haloperidol (N=60), and with atypical antipsychotics (N=20) and body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were compared at O (Baseline), 8 and 12 week between the three groups. Additionally, we examined possible correlations of changes in body weight with baseline factors. Results : 1) Significant change in body weight and BMI were found during 12 weeks in all groups, received different kinds of antipsychotics but there were no significant differences between three groups. 2) Weight gain was prominent within 8 weeks in the treatment, but not significant after then in all the three groups. 3) Lower body weight in baseline was correlated with more weight gain with the treatment with antipsychotics. Conclusions: Antipsychotics were associated with weight gain in patients with schizophrenia, Particularly in the early stage of treatment. Therefore to increase the quality of life and improve the compliance of medication in treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder, we must choice medication which are consistent with a individuality

Tioconazol의 피부진균증에 대한 임상적 고찰

변대규,최성우,김형옥,김정원 최신의학사 1983 最新醫學 Vol.26 No.10

분자유전학 검사로 확진된 Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy 환자 1 례

변재환,이원영,박성익,기창석,공선영,김종원,김선희 대한근전도전기진단의학회 2003 대한근전도 전기진단의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

환경인자가 무근콘크리트의 피로특성에 미치는 영향

변근주,김영진,이상민,원대연 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1989 논문집 Vol.21 No.1

In this study, a series of experiments is carried out to investigate the fatigue charateristics of plain concrete in water and seawater which is subjected to cyclic loading with constant amplitude. A total of 200 cylindrical specimens (ø10x20 cm), which were made by readymixed concrete, are prepared for this study. From these series of tests, it is observed that the static and fatigue compressive strength of plain concrete in water and seawater is consideraly lower than that in air. The fatigue strength of the concrete in water is decreased with comparision to that in seawater when stress ratio(??)is less than 0.1, but the concrete in water and seawater has similar fatigue characteristics when the stress ratio is not less than 0.1. And it has been found that the fatigue strength of the concrete in water and seawater is affected by the stress ratio.

양성평등 공직문화를 위한 대안모색 : 남성 공무원의 여성 공무원에 대한 인식조사를 중심으로

이원일,변상준 영산대학교 2007 영산논총 Vol.17 No.-

The purpose of this research is to analyze empirically the Equality between both sexes in Korean Bureaucracy. According to the result the masculine government employee think the feminine government employees has the professionalism in public organization and participating they endeavor devotedly to perform organizational aim. Also the trust feeling and cohesive force as the colleague were high. Only the external environment to a feminine special treatment policy is receiving political influence, for the masculine government employee still does not sympathize was remaining the possibility of knowing was homework. The inconvenience point is this paper does not investigate the feminine government employee. But The possibility of knowing the fact that is not only the masculine biased bureaucratic culture where the right consciousness and self realization craving of the woman are not displayed well it was.

十二經脈의 經脈名에 관한 考察

구성태,조명수,황재호,변기원,김경식,손인철 한국전통의학연구소 2002 한국전통의학지 Vol.12 No.1

In the present study, we aimed. to consider the name of twelve main Meridian in order to understand the concept of the Meridian system and to applicate acupuncture theory in the clinical field properly and fundamentally. We referred to several literatures on the matter and we found out that the name of present twelve Meridian was not settled until the period of Yellow Emperor's Classic. In the time of Yellow Emperor's Classic, the two theory of Internal Organ and Meridian system were combined and added new theory of 'WoonGi'. The general rule of combination is that the component of name of Meridian consist of 'Hand' or 'Foot', 'three Eum and Yang' and internal organ. The internal organ coupled with the root ki or middle ki of 'three Eum and Yang' and the 'Hand' or 'Foot' depend on the location of internal organ that belongs to meridian. The name of Twelve Meridian is a kind of system formed to analyze the two concepts organically and dynamically. One is material internal organ and the other is immaterial meridian system.

요추간판탈출증에서 현미경 수술과 경피적 자동수핵제거술에 대한 비교연구

신원한,장재칠,주교성,김범태,최순관,변박장 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.1

A retrospective study of operative results were carried out in a series of 164 patients who were performed microdiscectomy and 57 patients performed automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy (APLD) for herniated lumbar discs between January 1, 1990 and June 30, 1996 at the Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital. The operative results were analysed, and the correlation between preoperative clinicoradiological factors and postoperative clinical results were statistically assessed. The major results were as follows : 1. Of 164 microdiscectomy cases, 102 were males and 62 were females, mean age was 42.4 years and incidence was the highest in the 5th decade, and of 57 APLD cases, 43 were male and 14 female, mean age was 32.2 years and incidence was the highest in the 3rd decade. 2. The preoperative symptoms and signs were lumbago(98.2%), radiating pain(96.3%), positive straight leg raising test(77.4%), motor weakness(27.4%), claudication(13.4%) & voiding difficulty(2.4%) in microdiscectomy cases, and lumbago(98.2%), radiating pain(98.2%), positive straight leg raising test(70.2%) & motor weakness(17.5%) in APLD cases. 3. Number of operated levels were performed 226 in microdiscectomy and 74 in APLD. The most commonly operated levels of two groups were L4-5 level. 4. Operative results 1) The overall success rates by Prolo's scale were 87.1% in microdiscectomy and 80.7% in APLD, respectively. 2) In younger age group (below 30 years) and in non-compensatory group, success rates were significantly higher in microdiscectomy. 3) As to protrusion and degeneration on MRI, clinical results of moderate protrusion and degeneration of discs in microdiscectomy were statistically significant, and those of mild protrusion and degeneration of discs in APLD were also statistically significant. 4) The most common cause of failure was inappropriate removal of disc material in microdiscectomy and sequestered discs in APLD. According to the above results, there were no differance in overall success rates between microdiscectomy and APLD. But clinical results seem to be influenced by the age, existence of compensation, and by the degree of protrusion and degeneration of discs as prognostic factors. If the selection of operative procedure between microdiscectomy and APLD for herniated lumbar disc is carefully done with clinical and radiologic findings of patients, good outcome might be achieved.

알콜의존 환자에서 음주욕구를 유발하는 조건화자극에 대한 연구

한귀원,김명정,김성곤,변원탄 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

DSM-IV에 의하여 알콜 의존으로 진단되어 입원 중인 18세에서 65세 사이의 남자로서 과거 3주이상의 단주 경험이 있는 환자 110명을 대상으로 음주 욕구를 유발하는 조건화 자극의 종류와 빈도를 조사하였다. 먼저 예비조사를 통하여 환자들로부터 수집한 알콜연관자극들 중에서 흔한 내적 및 외적 자극 각각 25가지씩, 모두 50가지를 선정한 후, 대상 환자로 하여금 50가지의 알콜연관자극 중에서 자신에게 해당하는 자극을 모두 선택하게 하였다. 그 후 각 알콜연관자극의 빈도와 유형별 빈도를 조사하고 환자의 인구학적 특성, 음주력, 불안 및 우울 척도 등과 관련하여 검토하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 조건화 자극을 내적 및 외적 알콜연관자극으로 분류하였을 때, 내적 자극은 신체 상태, 긍정적 기분 상태 그리고 부정적 기분 상태로, 외적 자극은 즐거운 상황, 불쾌한 상황, 알콜과 연관된 상황 및 기타 상황으로 분류되었다. 2) 1인당 선택한 문항의 평균 수는 14.1±8.6개로 내적 자극이 7.5±4.8개, 외적 자극이 6.5±4.4개이었으며 각 자극을 하나라도 선택한 사람은, 내적 자극은 대상군 모두가 선택하였고 외적 자극은 대상군의 99.1%가 선택하였다. 부정적 기분 상태와 불쾌한 상황은 각각 97.3%, 88.2%로서 가장 높은 빈도를 보였고 긍정적 기분 상태와 즐거운 상황도 각각 42.7%, 71.8%로서 높은 빈도를 보였다. 신체 상태에 관한 자극은 대상군의 68.2%가, 알콜과 연관된 상황에 관한 자극은 68.2%가, 그리고 기타 상황에 관한 자극은 49.1%가 선택하였다. 3) 음주 욕구를 증가사켰던 내적 자극 중 높은 빈도로 선택된 문항들은 화가 날 때(71%), 외로울 때(47%),고민이 될 때(45%), 시장기가 돌 때(45%), 잠이 안올 때(45%) 등이었고, 외적 자극 중에서 높은 빈도로 선택된 문항들은 가족이나 친척들과 갈등이 있거나 다투는 경우(53%), 잔치, 초상, 계 등 사회적인 모임이 있을 경우(52%), 하는 일이 잘 되지 않을 때(49%), 직장에서 혹은 친구와 갈등이 있거나 다투는 경우(42%)등이었다. 4) 환자의 나이와 신체 상태의 알콜연관자극 간에는 유의한 정상관관계가 있었고, 문제 음주로 인해 처음 정신과에 입원한 나이와 신체 상태의 알콜연관자극 간에도 유의한 정상관관계가 있었으며, 교육 수준과 신체 상태의 알콜연관자극 사이에는 유의한 역상관관계가 있었다. 그리고 입원횟수와 부정적 기분 상태의 알콜연관자극 사이에는 유의한 정상관관계가 있었다. 그러나 첫 음주 시작 나이, 문제 음주 시작 나이, 문제 음주 지속 기간, 최대 단주 기간, 병원 치료 후 평균 단주 기간, 개인의 특성 불안과 우울 점수 등과 알콜연관 자극의 유형 간에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 또한 직업 유무별, 사회경제 상태별, 음주가족력 유무별, 결혼 상태별, 종교별 및 음주 양상별로 본 알콜연관자극의 유형별 선택 문항 수에 있어서도 통계적으로 의미있는 차이는 없었다. Conditioned stimuli provoking alcohlol craving in the alcoholics were surveyed in 110 hospitalized male patients with the diagnosis of alcohol dependence according to DSM-IV who had had 3 weeks or more of successful periods of alcohol abstinence after the onset of alcohol dependence. A preliminary study of preparing a list of 50 alcohol related cues(ARCs) was performed by collecting ARCs from 50 alcoholic patients, choosing the more frequent stimuli and rearranging those into 25 internal and 25 external ARCs. And then, each of the 110 subjects was asked to choose all the ARCs which provoked alcohol craving in the past to survey the frequency of the ARCs and their relevance with regards to a number of variables such as certain demographic data, alcohol history and anxiety and depression. The results were as follows ; 1) The ARCs were divided into internal and external ARCs ; the internal ARCs were categorized into positive affects, negative affects and somatic conditions and the external ARCs into pleasant situations, unpleasant situations, alcohlol-related situations and other situations. 2) Total mean number of ARCs per person was 14.1±8.6, that of internal ARCs being 7.5±4.8 and that of external ARSc being 6.5±4.4. All the subjects chose at least one of the internal ARCs and 99.1% chose one or more external ARCs. ARCs of negative affects and unpleasant situations were chosen by 97.3% and 88.2% of the subjects respectively, whereas, those of positive affects and pleasant situations were chosen by 42.7% and 71.8% respectively, showing unexpectedly high frequency. ARCs pertaining to somatic conditions were chosen by 68.2% of the subjects, those of alcohol-related situations were chosen by 68.2% and those of other situations by 49.1%. 3) Frequently chosen items of internal ARCs were when I was angry (71%),' when I was lonely'(47%), 'when I was distressed'(45%), 'when I was hungry'(45%) and 'when I had trouble sleeping' (45%). Those of external ARCs were 'when I had an argument or conflict with a relative' (53%), 'when I was at a social meeting such as party or funeral ceremony'(52%), when the things were not going to work out' (49%), 'when I met a friend whom I liked'(49%) and 'when I had an argument with a friend or people at work' (42%). 4) Positive correlations were seen between age and ARCs of somatic conditions and between age at the first psychiatric hospitalization and ARCs of somatic conditions. However, negative correlation was found between educational level and ARCs of somatic conditions. Number of psychiatric hospitalization was positively correlated with ARCs of negative affects. But there were no significant correlations in age at the first drink, age of onset of alcohol related problems, duration of alcohol related problem drinking, maximal length of abstinence, usual duration of abstinence after hospital treatment and score of trait anxiety and BDI. No significant difference was noted in the mean number of ARC subtypes between different groups divided by other demographic or clinical variables such as status of job, social class, family history of alcohol dependence, status of marriage, religion and drinking patterns.

소아 급성 감염성 질환에 대한 Cefoxitin sodium의 치료 효과

차상원,김용주,변상현,이건수,정용헌 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.12