Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

The Proposal of a Verbal Interaction Framework for Elementary Science Teachers

Kim,Jong-young(Jong-young Kim),Shin,Myeong-kyeong(Myeong-kyeong Shin),Kim,Eun-jeong(Eun-jeong Kim) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2022 교육논총 Vol.42 No.-

This study is purposed to specifically present and suggest two of the five aspects of the existing framework using data recorded by science class teachers. Mortimer and Scott (2003) viewed teaching purposes, content, communicative approach, patterns of discourse, and teacher intervention as five aspects of classroom discourse analysis, analyzed for secondary science classes. In this study, four episodes were extracted from elementary science classes, the entire analysis was conducted, and the analysis frame developed in this study was applied. The results of the study showed that elementary science classes were analyzed differently according to class flow and the score of the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP). In addition, the analysis framework presented in this study and the score of the RTOP were slightly consistent.

Comparison of Screening Methods for Anthracnose Resistant Lines in Pepper

So-Young Kim,Myeong-Cheoul Cho,Shih-Wen Lin,Shieh-Sheue Chin,Zong-Ming Sheu,Byung-Soo Kim1,Sanjeet Kumar 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.5

McCoy 세포에서 Chlamydia trachomatis의 병원성 인자에 관한 연구

강정숙,최지영,차영주,김영주,김덕례,여명구,박열 조선대학교 생명과학연구소 1998 생명과학 연구 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 병원성 세균인 Chlamydia trachomatis(C. trachomatis)가 숙주세포에침습시 C. trachomatis의 병원성 인자와 C. trachomatis와 상호작용하는 숙주 세포막의 인자를 규명함으로써 숙주세포에 대한 감염율을 향상시켜 보다 향상된 진단 방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행하였다. C. trachomatis로 감염된 세포에서 기본소체의 막 단백질을 분리한 결과 각 혈청형의 39 kDa과 42 kDa에서 major outer membranes(MOMPs)이 관찰되었으며, 혈청형 E와 G의 MOMPs는 42.5 kDa으로 동일하였지만 혈청형 F, H, I, 그리고 K의 MOMPs는 각각 다르게 관찰되었다. C. trachomatis가 숙주세포로 침습시 관련된 병원성 인자에 대하여 조사하고자 단층세포로 배양된 배양용기에 C. trachomatis를 24, 48 그리고 73시간대별로 접종시켜 관찰한 결과 72시간의 MOMPs의 양이 가장 많이 증가하였으며 이 결과로 MOMPS이 C. trachomatis 병원성에 중요한 작용을 함을 확인할 수 있었다. C. trachomatis가 침습시 숙주세포의 막 단백질 변화양상을 관찰하기 위해 정상세포와 C. trachomatis로 1, 2, 3 그리고 4시간대별로 접종 시간을 달리한 숙주세포의 막 단백질을 분리한 결과 42 kDa의 단백질 양이 Chlamydia에 감염된 세포 내에서 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이로 42 kDa의 막 단백질이 침습시 숙주세포 표면에 대한 수용체로서 작용함을 알 수 있었다. The present study was performed to analyze the pathogenic factors involved in the invasion process of Chlamydia trachomatis(C. trachomatis) into McCoy cells. In this study, elementary bodies(EBs) of C. trachomatis serotypes(E, F, G, H, I, K and LGV) could be isolated by the method of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and the pathogens of serotypes were also compared from whole-cell lysates by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel elelectrophoresis. All chlamydial serotypes showed a single predominant protein ranging from 39 to 42 kDa. The major outer membrane proteins(MOMPs) of the E and G serotypes had an identical molecular weight of 42.5 kDa. In contrast, the MOMPs of the F, H, I and K serotypes were showed different molecular weights of MOMPs. By immunoblotting with anti-MOMP antibody it was revealed that the quantify of MOMPs was time-dependently increased when McCoy cells were infected with Chlamydia for 24, 48 and 72 hr. These results indicated that MOMPs are closely related to chlamydial infection into the host cell.

Biomass 유래 퓨란계 단량체를 이용한 폴리에스터의 중합 및 특성 연구

정용석(Yong Seong Chung),이영철(Young Chul Lee),서강진(Kang Jin Seo),김명준(Myeong Jun Kim),정지혜(Ji Hea Jeong),노시태(Si Tae Noh) 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.6

바이오매스에서 유래된 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran(DHMF)을 KMnO4 산화반응으로 furan-2,5- dicarboxylic acid(FDCA)를 합성하였다. 합성한 FDCA와 다이올류를 에스테르화 반응과 축중합 반응을 진행시 켜 폴리에스터를 중합하였다. 폴리에스터는 NMR을 통해 조성을 분석하였고 DSC와 TGA를 통해 열적특성을 분 석하였다. 합성된 폴리에스터의 고유점도는 0.78∼1.2 dL/g으로 상용화된 poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) 와 비슷하였다. 다이올의 길이가 증가할수록 Young`s modulus와 strength는 낮아지고 elongation-to-break는 높아지는 경향을 확인하였다. 합성한 poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate)(PEF)의 Young`s modulus는 3551 MPa, strength는 103 MPa로 상용화된 PET와 비슷하였다. Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was synthesized by KMnO4 oxidation of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran( DHMF) derived from biomass. Polyesters were synthesized by esterification and polycondensation of FDCA with various diols(ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane- 1,6-diol, decane-1,10-diol). The composition of polyesters was characterized by using 1H NMR. Thermal properties of the polyesters were characterized by DSC and TGA. Intrinsic viscosities(IV) of the polyesters were measured to be 0.78∼1.2 dL/g comparable with IV of commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET). As the chain lengths of diols increased, Young`s modulus and strength decreased and elongation-to-break generally increased. Young`s modulus and strength of the polyesters were measured to be 3551 MPa and 103 MPa, respectively, comparable with commercial PET.

이해를 위한 문장 처리에서 통사 요인과 의미 요인

김영진,조명한 서울대학교 어학연구소 1981 語學硏究 Vol.17 No.1

Studies in sentence comprehension reveal that conflicting views currently exist about the part played by syntax. The autonomy model of syntax processing claims that the operation of syntactic processor is not guided or intervened by an assessment of the plausible semantic relations while the automaticity model views that the crucial properties of sentence to which listeners normally attend are semantic rather than syntactic. The present experiments were carried out to examine the listener's on-line accessibility to the surface structure of sentences, and to find out any possible effects of semantic factors on syntactic processing. The method of click monitoring was adopted and the RT was measured throughout the Experiments I, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and V with the exception of Experiment Ⅲ in which subjects were asked about the semantic relations implied in the stimulus sentence. The on-line measures of RT showed no difference of word-order effects either in the materials of both concrete and abstract sentences (Experiment I and Ⅱ) or between the reversible and nonreversible sentences (Experiment Ⅳ). To be surprisingly enough when compared with the English data, moreover, there was no difference in the syntactic computational difficulty between the subject relatives and the object relatives (Experiment Ⅲ).On the other hand, the sentence containing the left branching relatives (the right branching sentences) were consistently superior to the center-embedded relative sentences, the results being due to the left-to-right syntactic processing. In addition, the word meaning coherence made significantly reduce the monitoring RT in overall levels of syntactic complexity without interaction (Experiment V). The shortened RT without interaction of semantic factor with syntactic structure supports the automaticity claims. However, the fact that difference between the right branching and self-embedded sentences occurred only when there is more than one relative (Experiment Ⅲ) enables one to favor the autonomy model in so far as no additional load is imposed upon the upper-limit of the short-term processing capacity. Accordingly, mental strategies for the Korean language comprehension were proposed, in which the syntactic processing undergoes the left-to right coding procedure and the semantic processing represents the bottom-up procedure.

흰쥐 중추신경계내 난소로 투사하는 미주신경로에 관한 연구

김명주,장명세,고미희,노해숙,조해영,오문유,이봉희 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究 Vol.14 No.1

본 실험은 부교감신경의 하나인 미주신경이 난소를 지배하는 신경으로 관여하고 있는지를 pseudorabies 바이러스를 이용하여 난소신경로와 난소주사후 미주신경절단을 통하여 조사한 연구 보고이다. 이를 위하여 Sprague Dawley계 암흰쥐를 대상으로 pseudorabies 바이러스를 난소에 주사한 무리와 난소 주사후 미주신경을 절단한 무리에서 뇌를 적출하여 pseudorabies 바이러스에 대한 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 비교하였다. 본 실험결과 미주신경 중추신경로내의 상위신경핵들이 pseudorabied 바이러스에 대하여 양성반응이 줄어들었거나 관찰되지 않는 차이를 보였다. 즉 적색핵, 종말판혈관기관, 줄무늬체, 침상핵과 이마엽겉질은 부분적으로 난소의 미주신경로에 관여하고 있으며 미주신경등쪽핵, 고립로핵, 최후영역, 청색반점, 팔옆핵, 코리케퓨즈핵, 흑색질 및 시각교차위핵은 양성반응이 관찰되지 않아 미주신경으로 투사하는 부교감신경핵으로 조사되었다. The mammalian ovary has been known as receiving its innervation by sympathetic and sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system from the brain. Recently, there were several functional reports that the vagus nerves were also regulating the ovarian function, but the vagus nerve had not been identified by clear morphological evidence. A viral transneuronal tracing technique has been used to demonstrate the morphological evidence for the central vagal involvement in ovarian innervation in brain areas. Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus injection was made into the ovary of Sprague Dawley rats. In experimental group, the vagus nerve of the same injection side was removed right after ovarian injection. At five days after initial injection, all the rats were sacrificed and brains were processed for immunohistochemistry. Several central nuclei including hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus showed strong bilateral positive labelings after unilateral injection in control rats, but the positive labelings were disappeared or decreased in several hypothalamic nuclei and nuclei of the vagus nerve. I n conclusion, these results provide the morphological evidence that vagus nerve has neural connection to ovary and by which the central nervous system may maintains the state of ovulation and reproduction as a possible parasympathetic routes in mammals.

유기산 세정폐수에 대한 펜톤산화 적용시 최적인자 평가

김영권,이진명 한경대학교 2003 論文集 Vol.35 No.-

The objectives of this study is to estimate the parameters and to optimize the process of the Fenton's oxidation for organic acid cleaning wastewater in the power plant. For this, optimum ratio between ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide and reaction time were examined with the organic acid cleaning wastewater. The ratio of dosage between Fe(Ⅱ) and H₂O₂ was 1 : 3 to the organic cleaning reagent. Reaction time and pH were 10 minutes and 4.0, respectively. Under the these conditions, TOC removal efficiencies of hydroxy acetic acid and thiourea were lower than 89.2% but TOC removal efficiencies of formic acid, triton x-100, and sorbic acid were reached at about 100%. In the raw wastewater of organic acid cleaning process, the ratio of dosage between Fe(Ⅱ) and H₂O₂ was 1 : 10. And TOC removal efficiency in the series reactions was about 99.0% at the second injection. The same amount of Fenton’s reagent was used to every steps. The accumulation data would be required for further development of series reaction.

긴 관동맥병변에서 긴 스텐트삽입에 대한 임상경과 및 재협착율

김영학,박성욱,정상식,박훈기,이상곤,이일수,이철환,김재중,홍명기,박승정 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.6

곡면의 분지된 삼중 피복의 분포에 관한 연구

김명옥,김주영 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1997 연구논문집 Vol.56 No.2

A well-known Alexander's theorem[1] says that every orientable surface is a branched double covering of the sphere S², and every nonorientable surface is a branched covering of the projective planc. In this paper, we enumerate the equivalence classes of the 3-fold branched surface coverings p:S -> S²for a given surface S and show that every orientable surface is a branched 3-fold covering of the sphere S².