Efavirenz, indinavir, lopinavir, ritonavir의 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 동시 정량법

채정우,배경진,백인환,서정원,이병요,이은주,남진경,강원구,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2009 藥學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

Efavirenz indinavir and kaleta (co-formulation of lopinavir and ritonavir) are important antiretroviral drugs which have been proved to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors and reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-1 infection. A brief and fast high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS, API 4000) method for the determination of 4 anti-retroviral agents (efavirenz, lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) in human plasma was developed and validated. A simple protein precipitation method was used on 100μl of human plasma. And internal standard solution (10 ng/ml methaqualone) 1ml and reconstitution solution (MeOH) 1ml were added. After vortexing for 30 s and centrifuging at 13,200rpm for 10min, 2μl of supernatant was injected into the column (XTerra MS C_(18) column, 2.1mm × 50mm 3.5㎛ particle size). The mobile phase consisted of MeOH and 0.1% formic acid in water (80:20 , v/v). The chromatogram was run for 1.5 min at a flow rate of 300μl/min. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in a positive ion mode (lopinavir, indinavir, ritonavir) and negative mode (efavirenz), simultaneously and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for drug quantification. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 316→69 (efavirenz) and 629→447 (lopinavir) and 614→421 (indinavir) and 721→296 (ritonavir)were used to measure and quantify the analyte. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 50 ng/ml (efavirenz, indinavir, ritonavir) and 100 ng/ml (lopinavir). The weighted (l/y²) calibration curve was linear over human plasma range 50∼5000ng/ml (efavirenz), 100∼20000ng/ml (lopinavir), 50∼10000ng/ml (indinavir), 50∼2000ng/ml (ritonavir), correlation coefficient(r²) of 4 antiretroviral agents were higher than 0.998. Accuracies and intra-run precisions ranged within 86.60 and 113.29%, 1.06 and 11.16% for all 4 drugs analysed. This analytical method used to determine these drugs was fast and easy to perform, with minimal sample preparation, and without compromising precision and accuracy. The developed method was successful to determine antiretroviral agents in human plasma, and proved suitable for clinical pharmacokinetic study.

농촌지역 노인들의 인지기능 장애와 사망과의 관련성

선병환,박경수,나백주,박요섭,남해성,신준호,손석준,이정애,Sun, Byeong-Hwan,Park, Kyeong-Soo,Na, Baeg-Ju,Park, Yo-Seop,Nam, Hae-Sung,Shin, Jun-Ho,Sohn, Seok-Joon,Rhee, Jung-Ae 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.3

60세이상 노인인구를 대상으로 '농촌지역 노인들의 우울 및 인지기능 장애에 관한 연구'를 한 이정애와 정향균의 연구대상 558명에 대해 농촌지역 노인들의 인지기능 장애와 사망과의 관련성을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 3년동안 동안 전체 대상자의 사망률은 558명중 57명인 10.2%이었으며 353명의 정상 인지기능군 중 사망자는 30명으로 사망률 8.5%, 126명 의 경도 인지장애군중 사망자는 14명으로 사망률 11.1%, 79명의 중증 인지장애군중 사망자는 13명으로 사망률 16.5% 이었다(표 3). 2) 3년동안 전체 연구 대상자의 생존율은 0.91이었으며 정상, 경도, 중증 인지기능 장애군의 3년 생존율은 각각 0.92, 0.90, 0.86이었다. 로그 순위 검정법으로 인지기능 정상군과 경도 및 중증의 각 인지기능 장애군의 생존곡선을 비교한 결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 인지기능 정상군과 경도 이상의 인지기능 장애군간 생존곡선을 비교한 결과도 유의한 차이는 없었다. 3) 혼란변인을 보정하지 않는 Cox의 비례위험 회귀 모형의 단변량분석의 결과 95% 신뢰구간(C.I. : Confidence Interval)에서 사망위험도가 유의한 변인은 연령, 월수입, 흡연습관, 신체장애 등이었으며, 인지기능 장애정도를 정상 그리고 경도 및 중증으로 분류한 분석에서는 정상군에 비해 경도 및 중증의 사망위험도가 유의하게 높지 않았으나, 인지기능 점수(MMSEK score)의 증가에 따른 분석 결과 사망위험도가 0.94로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(표 4). 4) 잠재적 혼란변인들의 영향을 보정한 Cox의 비례위험 회귀모형의 다변량 분석의 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 5). 5) 남녀별로 각각 인지기능 장애와 사망위험도와의 관계를 알아보기 위해 다변량 분석을 시행한 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수 증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 6, 표 7). 이상 본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들에서 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였지만, 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 유의하게 고찰하지 못하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the mortality risk associated with cognitive impairment among the rural elderly. The subjective of study was 558 of 'A Study on the Depression and Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Elderly' of Jung Ae Rhee and Hyang Gyun Jung's study(1993). Cognitive impairment and other social and health factors were assessed in 558 elderly rural community residents. For this study, a Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSEK) was used as a global indicator of cognitive functioning. And mortality risk factors for each cognitive impairment subgroup were identified by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. At baseline 22.6% of the sample were mildly impaired and 14.2% were severely impaired. As the age increased, the cognitive function was more impaired. Sexual difference was existed in the cognitive function level. Also the variables such as smoking habits, physical disorders had the significant relationship with cognitive function impairment. Across a 3-year observation period the mortality rate was 8.5% for the cognitively unimpaired, 11.1% for the mildly impaired, and 16.5% for the severly impaired respendents. And the survival probability was .92 for the cognitively unimpaired, .90 for the mildly impaired, and .86 for the severly impaired respondents. Compared to survival curve for the cognitively unimpaired group, each survival curve for the mildly and the severely impaired group was not significantly different. When adjustments models were not made for the effects of other health and social covariates, each hazard ratio of death of mildly and severely impaired persons was not significantly different as compared with the cognitively unimpaired. But, as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death decreased. Employing Cox univariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, smoking habits, physical disorders. Also when adjustments were made for the effects of other health and social covariates, there was no difference in hazard ratio of death between those with severe or mild impairment and unimpaired persons. And as MMSEK score increased, significantly hazard ratio of death did not decrease. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model, statistically other significant variables were age, monthly income, physical disorders. Employing Cox multivariate proportional hazards model by sex, at men and women statistically significant variable was only age. For both men and women, also cognitive impairment was not a significant risk factor. Other investigators have found that cognitive impairment is a significant predictor of mortality. But we didn't find that it is a significant predictor of mortality. Even though the conclusions of our study were not related to cognitive impairment and mortality, early detection of impaired cognition and attention to associated health problems could improve the quality of life of these older adults and perhaps extend their survival.

Novel Albumin-Bilirubin Grade-Based Risk Prediction Model for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Chemoembolization

( Jung Hee Kim ),( Dong Hyun Sinn ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Dongho Hyun ),( Sin-ho Jung ),( Sung Ki Cho ),( Sung Wook Shin ),( Young Chang ),( Yoon Jun Kim ),( Jung-hwan Yoon ),( Wonseok Kang ),( Geum-yo 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: Recently, albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been suggested as a better surrogate for hepatic functional reserve for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We developed a novel prediction model to predict outcome for HCC patients (n = 476) who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) as a first-line therapy. Methods: From a multivariate Cox-regression model for overall survival, five objective variables (ALBI grade, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, Response after the first TACE session, Alpha-fetoprotein level, and Sex: the ABRAS score) were developed and scored to generate an 8-point risk prediction model. The model’s prognostic performance was assessed in the randomly assigned internal validation set (n = 475) and external validation set (n = 243). Results: The ALBI grade was able to stratify overall patient survival within the same Child-Pugh class. The time-dependent area under receiver-operating characteristics curves (AUROCs) for overall survival at 1- and 3-years were 0.78 and 0.73 in the training set, 0.78 and 0.71 in the internal validation set, and 0.70 and 0.65 in the external validation set, respectively. ABRAS score of more than 3 showed better survival than those with score of less than 2 (3 year survival rate of 74% versus 39%, p < 0.001). When stratified according to the BCLC stage, having ARAS score (excluding BCLC score) of more than 2 could identify subset of patients with dismal prognosis Conclusions: ABRAS score was useful in estimating prognosis for patients who underwent TACE as a first line therapy. This score can be useful in planning and guiding treatment strategies with TACE, which warrants prospective validation.

Living donor liver transplantation for patients with alcoholic liver disease

Yo-Han Park,Shin Hwang,Chul-Soo Ahn,Ki-Hun Kim,Deok-Bog Moon,Tae-Yong Ha,Gi-Won Song,Dong-Hwan Jung,Gil-Chun Park,Jung-Man Namgoong,Hyung-Woo Park,Chun-Soo Park,Sung-Hwa Kang,Bo-Hyeon Jung,Sung-Gyu Le 한국간담췌외과학회 2013 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Backgrounds/Aims: Since most transplantation studies for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) were performed on deceased donor liver transplantation, little was known following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Methods: The clinical outcome of 18 ALD patients who underwent LDLT from Febraury 1997 to December 2004 in a large-volume liver transplantation center was assessed retrospectively. Results: The model for end-stage liver disease score was 23±11, and mean pretransplant abstinence period was 16±13 months, with 14 (77.8%) patients being abstinent for at least 6 months. Graft types were right lobe grafts in 11, left lobe grafts in 2 and dual grafts in 5. Graft to recipient body weight ratio was 0.94±0.16. The relapse rates in patients who did and did not maintain 6 months of abstinence were 7.1% and 50%, respectively (p=0.097). Younger recipient age was a significant risk factor for alcohol relapse (p=0.027). Five recipients with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) received core antibody-positive liver graft, but two of them showed positive HBsAg seroconversion. Overall 5-year patient survival rate following LDLT was 87.8%, with a 5-year relapse rate of 16.7%. Conclusions: Pretransplant abstinence for 6 months appears to be benefical for preventing posttransplant relapse. Life-long prophylactic measure should be followed after use of anti-HBc-positive liver grafts regardless of hepatitis B viral marker status of the recipient.

Possible Negative Effect of Pigmentation on Biosynthesis of Polyketide Mycotoxin Zearalenone in Gibberella zeae

( Sun Yo Jung ),( Jung Eun Kim ),( Sung Hwan Yun ),( Yin Won Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2006 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.16 No.9

토양효소활성을 이용한 미생물제제 처리 고추경작지의 토양미생물군집 분석

김요환 ( Yo Hwan Kim ),임종희 ( Jong Hui Lim ),안창환 ( Chang Hwan An ),정병권 ( Byung Kwon Jung ),김상달 ( Sang Dal Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2012 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.55 No.1

Increasing concerns over green farming technology, plant growth promoting rhizobacterium (PGRP) having growth promoting as well as plant disease suppressing properties was recently preferred to use for biological control of plant pathogens infecting plant. We measured the influence of the selected microbial consortium agents-a mixture of PGPR strains-, commercial biofungicide, and chemical pesticides on soil microbial community in red pepper field. The activities of soil enzyme such as dehydrogenase, urease, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and cellulase were analyzed to investigate that of soil microbial community. We also measured plant length, main stem, stem diameter, number of branches and yields of red-pepper in order to observe the red pepper growth promotion. The results of measuring enzyme activities were dehydrogenase 3.5584 μg TPF g-1h-1, urease 15.8689 μg NH4 -N g-1h-1, phosphatase 0.5692 μg PNP g-1h-1, β-glucosidase 2.4785 μg PNP g-1h-1, and cellulase 86.1597 μg glucose g-1h-1 in the soil treated with the microbial consortium agents, so it came out to be very active in the soil. Observing the growth of red-peppers, the main-stem length and the stem diameter were 6.1% and 8.1% higher in the soil treated with the selected microbial consortium agent than the chemical pesticides. After harvesting, yields were 7.3% higher in the soil treated with selected microbial consortium agents than the chemical pesticides. These results showed that microbial consortium agents contribute to increasing soil microbial diversity, growth promoting, and yield of red pepper.

무선 인터넷 기반의 작명 서비스 설계 및 구현

김정환(Kim Jung-Hwan),허요한(Heo Yo-Han),최정아(Choi Jung-Ah),김도현(Kim Do-Hyeun),변상용(Byun Sang-Yong),안기중(Ahn Khi-Jung) 한국콘텐츠학회 2005 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.3 No.2

최근 무선인터넷을 이용할 수 있는 환경이 많이 만들어지면서 PDA를 이용한 무선인터넷의 활용도가 점점 더 많아지고 있다. PDA를 이용한 무선인터넷의 인프라가 많이 구축되면서 사용자들은 점점 더 많은 서비스와 다양한 콘텐츠를 요구하게 되었고, 실제로 다양한 서비스가 PDA에서 이용되고 있다. 이러한 사회적 여건 변화에 따라 본 논문에서는 휴대가 간편하고 손쉽게 정보를 얻을 수 있는 무선 인터넷 기반의 PDA를 이용하여 작명서비스를 받을 수 있도록 작명에 필요한 법칙을 알고리즘화하고 서비스를 설계하고 구현한다. Recently, with the rise of wireless Internet, it is becoming popular to use PDA. Also, the more wireless Internet Infra increases, the more services and a variety of contents are needed. Actually, a number of services is being used for PDA. Accordingly, this paper designs and implements naming service based on wireless Internet which is portable and easy for information. We develope the algorithm, design and implement the service for naming service.

[Free Paper] Incidence and management of postoperative abdominal bleeding after liver transplantation

Sung Won Jung,Shin Hwang,Jung Man Namgoong,Samuel Youn,Chun Soo Park,Yo Han Park,Hyo Joon Lee,Hyung Woo Park,Gil Chun Park,Dong Hwan Jung,Gi Won Song,Tae Yong Ha,Chul Soo Ahn,Ki Hoon Kim,Deok Bog Moon 대한외과학회 2011 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2011 No.11

Discordance between Physician and the General Public Perceptions of Prognostic Disclosure to Children with Serious Illness: a Korean Nationwide Study

Kim, Min Sun,Lee, Jihye,Sim, Jin-Ah,Kwon, Jung Hye,Kang, Eun Joo,Kim, Yu Jung,Lee, Junglim,Song, Eun-Kee,Kang, Jung Hun,Nam, Eun Mi,Kim, Si-Young,Yun, Hwan-Jung,Jung, Kyung Hae,Park, June Dong,Yun, Yo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.49

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>It is difficult to decide whether to inform the child of the incurable illness. We investigated attitudes of the general population and physicians toward prognosis disclosure to children and associated factors in Korea.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Physicians working in one of 13 university hospitals or the National Cancer Center and members of the general public responded to the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the age appropriate for informing children about the prognosis and the reason why children should not be informed. This survey was conducted as part of research to identify perceptions of physicians and general public on the end-of-life care in Korea.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 928 physicians and 1,241 members of the general public in Korea completed the questionnaire. Whereas 92.7% of physicians said that children should be informed of their incurable illness, only 50.7% of the general population agreed. Physicians were also more likely to think that younger children should know about their poor prognosis compared with the general population. Physicians who opposed incurable illness disclosure suggested that children might not understand the situation, whereas the general public was primarily concerned that disclosure would exacerbate the disease. Physicians who were women or religious were more likely to want to inform children of their poor prognosis. In the general population, gender, education, comorbidity, and caregiver experience were related to attitude toward poor prognosis disclosure to children.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our findings indicate that physicians and the general public in Korea differ in their perceptions about informing children of poor prognosis.</P>

Risk factors for early-onset lung cancer in Korea: analysis of a nationally representative population-based cohort

Jihun Kang(Jihun Kang),Taeyun Kim(Taeyun Kim),Kyung-Do Han(Kyung-Do Han),Jin-Hyung Jung(Jin-Hyung Jung),Su-Min Jeong(Su-Min Jeong),Yo Hwan Yeo(Yo Hwan Yeo),Kyuwon Jung(Kyuwon Jung),Hyun Lee(Hyun Lee) 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: We examined the associations of socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and comorbidities with early-onset lung cancer. METHODS: The study included 6,794,287 individuals aged 20-39 years who participated in a Korean national health check-up program from 2009 to 2012. During the follow-up period, 4,684 participants developed lung cancer. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the independent associations of potential risk factors with incident lung cancer. RESULTS: Older age (multivariable hazard ratio [mHR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.14) and female sex (mHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.49 to 1.75) were associated with increased lung cancer risk. Current smoking was also associated with elevated risk (<10 pack-years: mHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.24; ≥10 pack-years: mHR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.45), but past smoking was not. Although mild alcohol consumption (<10 g/day) was associated with lower lung cancer risk (mHR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.99), heavier alcohol consumption (≥10 g/day) was not. Higher income (highest vs. lowest quartile: mHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.94), physical activity for at least 1,500 metabolic equivalent of task-min/wk (vs. non-exercisers: mHR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.99) and obesity (vs. normal weight: mHR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.96) were associated with lower lung cancer risk, whereas metabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk (mHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.24). CONCLUSIONS: In young adults, age, female sex, smoking, and metabolic syndrome were risk factors for early-onset lung cancer, while high income, physical activity, and obesity displayed protective effects.