Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

북한 문학에 표현된 여성의 주체성과 지향

김현숙 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 1999 여성학논집 Vol.16 No.-

North Korean literature has undertaken five distinctive stages of change until the present. The years of 1927, 1950, 1960, and 1980, especially 1980, can be identified as turning points. Literary circles in North Korea underwent extensive fluctuating changes according to the relations and balance of power between the East and West. The most typical trend of change can be found in the increasing diversification of choice of subjects for literary works, and the approval of distinctly individual writing set apart from collective group writing which was the only form of writing allowed in North Korean. This paper focuses on analyzing the impact of changes in the themes of North Korean literature, with particular attention to the ways in which women characters are established. This study was conducted in connection with "The Meanings in the Creation of Women Characters in North Korean Literature" published in 1994 by the Korean Women's Institute. This research examines how women characters are introduced and defined in modern North Korean literature. This work focuses on analysis of the relationships between heroines and men in daily lives, and between women and wider society, as means of reveal heroine's status. As a conclusion, the author points out that North Korean literature is much more varied than in the past. However, recent literary works appear to be far less diverse due to tile deterioration of domestic affairs following a series of famines and floods. As a result, the years of 1994 and 1995 seem to be a period during which many possibilities in North Korean literature have been cast aside. Years of famine by consecutive droughts and floods including the death of Kim Il-Sung created an almost vacuous situation in which many things have come to a stop. It can be said that their clock was turned back. The various types of heroines who appeared in novels during wider changes in the late 1980s and early 1990s disappeared, replaced by a revival of the older, more typical images of women. Generations of historically produced women appear: the first generation protested against Japanese rule to establish North Korea: and the second generation were involved in the Korean War and enforced the third generation to follow in their footsteps. This has been made possible because literature, like all art forms, is subservient to the Party line and society is always considered prior to the Individual. As everyday life becomes a virtual battlefield in which all citizens must be armed, the actions and nature of the heroines in literature are limited to a few forms. The main themes of literature include the establishment of society (socialist society) and expressing reverence for Kim Il-Sung and Kim Jung-Il. As a society perceived to be in a state of war, the official line of North Korea is that the people are on the frontline with the ultimate foal of victory. Mothers are considered to be most essential to achieve this goal, and they should make contributions by providing a good example to their children in order to nurture them as successful and strong laborers for society no matter what the sacrifice. The most idealized Image of motherhood has shifted from that of the mother of Kim Il-Sung to that of his son, Kim Jung-Il. Kim Jung-Il has composed songs cherishing and praising his mother, and expresses his hope that all women will follow her example. Professional women in the North suffer from the dual burdens of formal employment and the demands of the family just as women in the South do. However, members of the society as a whole come together as small units to solve problems as they are raised. This is made possible because North Korean societies perceived as a sort of big, extended family. Wives depicted in North Korean novels are mostly engaged in jobs as professionals who receive recognition in their fields with solid status in society. When these women return to their families, they are in conflict with family members and have to endure hardships by themselves without any help from other family members. Why do they send their young girls to the battlegrounds and guidance centers in rural areas? North Korean society is faced with two problems. One is economic difficulty, the other is maintaining social stability following the death of Kim Il-Sung. The end of the Cold War and the economic growth in the late 1980s and early 1990s allowed people to think and write more freely. But in times of social turmoil, a system of social stabilization is needed and a model to guide people, while self-legitimating the presence of such a system is necessary'. Literature is not a genre of art which one can freely select and enjoy in North Korea. It is a mouthpiece of the government's policies and leadership. In times of peace and stability, human agony and voiles can be heard in the literary works and arts, but not government policies. Only when North Koreans relinquish their ideology and South Korean give up their materialistic greed can the two come together to share the difficulties of humankind. From there we can strive to become truly humane, and we will to able to meet each other at ease.

항암제 처리한 백혈병 세포주에서의 Apoptosis 발현

김삼용,윤소현,김현수,김종숙,윤환중,김진경,조덕연 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 26 kD protein that promotes cell survival by blocking apoptosis. The bax protein is a member of the bcl-2 familly, now known to form heterodimers with the bcl-2 protein. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 is be critical in determining the fate of the cell in response to stimuli that can induce apoptosis. Extract of Pulsatilla Koreana (SB-31) showed promising antitumor activity in vitro with Topo I inhibitory action. In the present study, the relationship between apoptosis and the apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2 and bax were investigated in human leukemic cell lines HL-60, U-937 and CEM-CM3. All anticancer drugs(adriamycin, etoposide, camptothecin, SB-31) induced extensive apoptosis in HL-60, U-937 cells and CEM-CM3 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax protein were determined in cell lines by western blotting before and after incubation with anticancer drugs at different time points. 1) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, down regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax were found after incubation with ADR, VP-16 or camptothecin. 2) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, no significant change in bcl-2 or bax protein expression resulted after incubation with SB-31. 3) In CEM-CM3 cells, virtually no change was noted in bcl-2/bax expression after incubation with ADR, VP-16, camptothecin or SB-31. It is suggested that different leukemic cell lines use different pathways of apoptosis activation and a given cell may utilize different pathways of apoptosis activation in response to different cytotoxic agents.

남녀 대학생의 콜레스테롤 섭취실태

현태선,김화숙,김현숙,연미영 충북대학교 교육생활연구소 2001 생활과학연구논총 Vol.4 No.-

A dietary surrey with 24-hour recap 1 method was conducted in order to assess cholesterol intake of college students. The subjects of this study were 33 male and 47 female students in Chungbuk National University. Nutrient intakes were calculated using DS24 program with a new cholesterol database updated in Seoul National University. Average cholesterol intakes of male and female students were 332.3mg and 329.3mg, respectively. These values were much higher than the other cholesterol intake data of the previous studies as well as the recommended level, that is, no more than 300mg. Foods contributed to cholesterol intake of the subjects were eggs, frozen dumplings, common squid, pork, chicken, anchovy, milk, in the order. Average cholesterol intakes of the subjects according to some factors affecting nutrient intake were analyzed. Among the factors, resident type, interest in diet, and nutrient in caution were affected on their cholesterol intake, The average intake of self-cooking students was significantly higher than that of home-living students. And the lower the interest in diet was, the higher the average intake was. The average intake of the students who responded that they were concerned about fat or cholesterol was actually higher than that of the other group. These results emphasize the need for nutrition education directed at having attention to their diet and decreasing cholesterol intake through food selection or food preparation, especially to self-cooking students. In addition, to validate the new cholesterol database, cholesterol intake should be further assessed among a variety of groups.

항암제 처리한 백혈병 세포주에서의 Apoptosis 발현

김삼용,윤소현,김현수,김종숙,윤환중,김진경,조덕연 충남대학교 암연구소 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

The bcl-2 proto-oncogene encodes a 26 kD protein that promotes cell survival by blocking apoptosis. The bax protein is a member of the bcl-2 familly, now known to form heterodimers with the bcl-2 protein. The ratio of bax to bcl-2 is be critical in determining the fate of the cell in response to stimuli that can induce apoptosis. Extract of Pulsatilla Koreana (SB-31) showed promising antitumor activity in vitro with Topo I inhibitory action. In the present study, the relationship between apoptosis and the apoptosis related proteins, bcl-2 and bax were investigated in human leukemic cell lines HL-60, U-937 and CEM-CM3. All anticancer drugs(adriamycin, etoposide, camptothecin, SB-31) induced extensive apoptosis in HL-60, U-937 cells and CEM-CM3 cells. The expression of bcl-2 and bax protein were determined in cell lines by western blotting before and after incubation with anticancer drugs at different time points. 1) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, down regulation of bcl-2 and up-regulation of bax were found after incubation with ADR, VP-16 or camptothecin. 2) In HL-60 or U-937 cell lines, no significant change in bcl-2 or bax protein expression resulted after incubation with SB-31. 3) In CEM-CM3 cells, virtually no change was noted in bcl-2/bax expression after incubation with ADR, VP-16, camptothecin or SB-31. It is suggested that different leukemic cell lines use different pathways of apoptosis activation and a given cell may utilize different pathways of apoptosis activation in response to different cytotoxic agents.

일부 의료서비스업 VDT작업자의 상지 근골격계 증상의 정도와 관련된 요인

김형렬,원종욱,송재석,김현수,김치년,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 상지 근골격계 질환의 유병율이 높은 집단으로 알려진 VDT작업자를 대상으로 이들의 근골격계 통증을 정량화하고, 정량화된 통증점수를 종속변수로 하여, 이와 관련성을 갖는 작업요인, 사회심리적 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 서울지역에 위치한 1500병상 규모의 대학병원에 근무하고 단말기 작업을 주로 수행한다고 알려진 부서에 대해 병원내 안전관리과와 협의를 거쳐 163명을 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 이중 138명이 설문에 참가하였고, 이들을 최종 연구대상으로 하였다. 설문지를 가지고 연구변수를 측정하여, 나이, 근무연수, 가사노동의 정도 등의 인구학적 변수와 직무스트레스 및 사회적지지, 근골격계 증상, 통증의 양상 등을 조사하였다. 분석방법은 일반적 특성 및 작업특성, 통증의 양상을 성별에 따라 파악하였고, 통증점수의 타당성을 검정하기 위해, 통증점수의 구성요소와 통증점수를 시각적 상사척도와 상관성 검정을 시행하였다. 통증점수를 종속변수로 하고 직무요구도, 직무재량도, 동료의지지, 상사의지지, 여러작업환경특성, 인구학적 특징 등을 독립변수로 하여 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 첫째 통증의 정량화를 위해 사용한 통증평정지수는 시각적 상사척도와의 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타나, 어느 정도의 타당성을 지닌 방법으로 해석할 수 있었다. 둘째, 이 통증 점수를 종속변수로 하여, 관련요인 분석한 다중회귀분석에서 직무요구도가 높을수록 통증의 정도가 높고(p<0.01), 여성일수록 남성에 비해 높은 통증점수를 보였다(p<0.01). 결론: 근골격계 질환의 높은 유병율을 보이는 집단의 경우, 이들의 증상 유무만을 가지고 관련요인을 분석하는 방법을 사용하기 어렵다. 따라서 이런 경우, 통증을 정량화하여, 다양한 관련요인을 찾으려는 노력이 필요하며, 본 연구에서 사용한 통증평정지수는 타당성을 지닌 정량화 방법이라고 여겨진다. 또한 본 연구에서는 직무요구도가 높을수록, 여성일수록 높은 통증점수를 보였다. Objectives: This study was designed to quantify symptoms in the upper extremities and to identify the pain related factors among hospital workers using video display terminals. Methods: The subject-group consisted of 138 employees working at a hospital using video display terminals. A structured questionnaire was used to estimate the participants' general characteristics, and job contents. Job stress was measured using Karaseks JCQ(Job Content Questionnaire). Pain in the upper extremities was identified according to the NIOSH symptoms survey criteria. Quantification was measured using Kim Chul's method. Pearson's Correlation analysis was used to identify validity in quantification. VAS(visual analog scale) was used to compare with this method. Multiple regression analyses elucidated the relationship between quantified pain and various work factors, such as job stress. Data were analysed with SAS 6.12 program. Results: First, in quantification using Kim Chul's method, the correlation between modified PRS(pain rating score) and VAS was extremely high by 0.60(P<0.01), indicating the high validity of PRS. Second, the groups of high job demand, high job control, and females were related to an increased pain level. Conclusions: These results suggest that the self pain assessment method, PRS, is valuable and useful in analyzing occupational musculoskeletal symptoms. High demand, job control and gender may influence the levels of pain. Prospective studies about musculoskeletal disorder are required.

유아 과학교육 활동을 중심으로 한 수와 사회교육 통합 사례 분석

김숙자,현금자 한국영유아보육학회 2004 한국영유아보육학 Vol.0 No.38

본 연구의 목적은 과학활동을 중심으로 한 수와 사회 통합 교육 활동 수업 사례에서의 유아 반응을 분석하는 것이다. 분석 대상은 충북지역 M유치원 만 5세 유아 5명의 활동 수업 사례들이다. 「물」을 주제로 하여 총 10회 이루어진 교육활동은 선행연구(김숙자.김현정, 2003)에서 제시한 교수-학습과정 기본 모형을 토대로 하여 동기유발 단계, 초기개념 단계, 교수매체 투입, 개별 실험과 소그룹 토의를 통한 확장개념, 심화개념 단계로 재구성 하여 이루어졌다. 분석 결과 초기개념의 단계에서는 물을 옮길 수 있는 물체 예측을 통한 분류 개념과 물을 담는 용기의 높이와 물의 양과의 관련성이 분석되었다. 확장개념의 단계에서는 수 관련 개념으로 분류 개념, 수세기, 순서 짓기, 서수 개념, 높이, 크기, 길이, 양, 무게의 측정개념이 분석되었다. 사회 관련 개념은 문제해결을 위해 토의, 실험하기가 계속 순환되는 과정을 통해 나타난 협동하기, 다른 사람 의견 존중하기의 사회관련 개념이 분석되었다. 심화 개념의 단계에서는 물의 양과 물이 흘러나오는 속도, 물체의 형태변화와 부력의 관련성, 가라앉는 물체를 뜨는 물체에 올려놓는 위치와 부력의 관련성이 분석되었다. The purpose of this study was to analyze teacher's teaching-learning strategies and young children's responses to the science integrated study with mathematics and social studies for young children, based on the basic process model of teaching-learning. The basic process model of teaching-learning is a remodeling which is basic process model of teaching-learning. This was researched by Kim, Suk Ja;Kim, Hyun Joung(2003). To achieve this purpose, actual class episodes were analyzed. The episodes from the classes were derived from 10 sessions of interaction between teacher and 5 kindergarten children. With priority given to scientific activities, educational activities were integrated into mathematics, science and social study. The subject of scientific activities was water. Contents of activities were organized with activities to understand concepts of the volume of water and the velocity of water flow. A qualitative analysis was used to access responses of young children to teaching-studying strategies of teachers in case studies. As a result, young children could have their own scientific ideas about the volume of water, the relationship between volume of water, velocities of water flow, and buoyancy. They could understand the concept of mathematics in ractical exercise. By repetitions of experiments and discussions to solve problems, young hildren could realize the concepts of sociality such as cooperating with each other and respecting other people's opinions.

냉동 제대혈 세포의 체외 증폭

김삼용,김철희,배광봉,김현수,박상준,김종숙,윤환중,조덕연 충남대학교 암연구소 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Background : Cord blood(CB), which has no HLA restriction, is an alternative to bone marrow for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The use of cord blood, however, is limited by the number of progenitor/stem cells necessary to reconstitute the older child or adult. Therefore, ex vivo expansion of CB could have tremendous impact on diverse clinical settings. We studied the ex vivo expansion of isolated population of CD34_(+) cells from cryopreserved CB cells. Methods : CD34 cells were isolated from cryopreserved CB mononuclear cells. Purified cells were cultured with various combinations of hematopoietic growth factors including erythropoietin(EPO), stem cell factor(SCF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF), gra-nulocyte, macrophage-colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), 1L-3, and IL-6. After 7, 10 or 14 days of culture, the fold increases of colony-forming unit- granu-locyte, macrophage(CFU-GM), burst-forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E), colony-forming unit-mix (CFU-Mix), and high proliferative potential colony-forming cell(HPP-CFC) were evaluated. Results : Ten-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-3 resulted in a median of 60-fold increase of CFU-GM, which was greater than those with the combinations of less than 5 growth factors. The addition of IL-6 or GM-CSF to this combination did not enhance CFU-GM expansion. Ten-day culture was significantly superior to 7-day culture for CFU-GM expansion. Prolongation of culture to 14 days, however, revealed decreased expansion of CFU-GM compared to 10 days. BFU-E and CFU-Mix were expanded to 2~5 folds in 7-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, and G-CSF. Further expansion was not achieved in 10-day culture and colonies disappeared in 14-day culture. HPP-CFC was expanded to a median of 7.5 folds in 7-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, IL-3, and IL-6. Neither 10-day or 14 day-culture enhanced expansion of HPP-CFU. Conclusion : Cryopreserved cord blood cells maintain ex vivo expansion potential. In our system, 10-day culture with the combination consisting of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-3 seems to be adequate for hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell expansion from cryopreserved cord blood cells.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

피스톤 가공용 CNC 선반 HOT-1000 개발에 관한 연구

김경석,김종관,김상복,김성식,정현철,이도윤 한국공작기계학회 1996 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The purpose of this study is the development of a lathe which can cut any pistons of oval shape with high speed, accuracy and precision by CNC (computer Numerical Control) method. Y axis which is the mechanism of position determination with high speed response has been aded to the CNC lathe and ovality and profile has been cut under the synchronous control of C-Y-Z axes. In the case of ovality of Φ0.5mm, the productivity can be improved up to 1500rpm by high speed cutting than modeling method.