Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

The Antioxidant Effect of the Rhaponticum uniflorum Extracts on the Oxidative Stress in H₂O₂ induced Human Keratinocytes

So Hee Ahn,Won Yeoung Choi,Ji Won Jeong,Geon Woo Park,Su Yeon Kang,Eun Jeong Kim,Su Rim Sin,Eun Seo Jang,Gye Won Lee,Young Ho Cho 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

In this study, To investigate the antioxidant activities of Rhaponticum uniflorum extracts (RUE), we assessed scavenging activities on DPPH, ABTS radicals, and reducing power. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (SC50) of RUE were 96.97±1.19 μg/mL and 31.26±0.13 μ g/mL, respectively, and the reducing power significantly increased dose-dependent manner. To study the antioxidant effecters of RUE in H₂O₂ induced human keratinocytes, expression of Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot and qRT-PCR. RUE induced the expression of HO-1, a critical target enzyme of Nrf2, in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of HO- 1 mRNA was also induced in H₂O₂-treated HaCaT cells but no significant difference in the level of HO-1 mRNA was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that RUE may be useful as a potential ingredient for anti-aging products.

성인에서 발생한 발진성 가성 혈관종증

서상희 ( Sang Hee Seo ),장호선 ( Ho Sun Jang ),목혜수 ( Hye Soo Mok ),김성준 ( Sung Jun Kim ),김병수 ( Byung Soo Kim ),김문범 ( Moon Bum Kim ),오창근 ( Chang Keun Oh ),권경술 ( Kyung Sool Kwon ) 대한피부과학회 2007 대한피부과학회지 Vol.45 No.8

Background: Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis (EPA) is a rare, benign, spontaneously regressing childhood exanthem. It is characterized by the sudden onset of several bright red angioma-like papules surrounded by pale halos with a distinct histopathology from true angiomas. Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of EPA occuring in adults. Methods: Ten adult patients who visited Pusan National University Hospital and Mok Hye-SooㆍJang Ho-Sun Dermatology Clinic from March 2005 to September 2006 were evaluated. We prospectively evaluated the sex, age, onset season, past medical history including immunosuppressive abnormalities, systemic disorders and other diseases including allergies. We also investigated the relations of mosquito biting, patients` occupations and outdoor activities to occurrence of EPA. In addition, simultaneous occurrence in family members, the clinical, histopathologic, laboratory findings, disease courses and responses to treatment were evaluated. Based on medical records, photographs and pathologic slides, we retrospectively diagnosed another 20 EPA patients suspected as insect bite from October 2003 to March 2005. The same questions were inquired as for the 10 patients who prospectively underwent evaluation. Results: In the study, female predominance (76.7%) was observed and the average age of onset was 54.2 years. Interestingly, there was no child patient during the period of study. Multiple, 2∼5 mm sized, red angiomatous papules surrounded by pale halos occurred on exposed areas such as the arms (86.7%), legs (50%), and face (46.7%), although it could also occur to a non-exposed area. EPA occuring in adults usually appeared in summer (80%). The mean disease duration was 3.4 weeks. Although EPA spontaneously regressed, it had the potential of recurrence (46.7%). Histopathologic findings showed dilated dermal blood vessels without the evidence of increase in numbers, and perivascular lymphocytes infiltration. Inside the lumen of dermal blood vessels, plump endothelial cells were found. Conclusion: EPA occuring in adults usually happened to exposed sites in summer, so it can be misdiagnosed as insect bite. We suggest that dermatologists should be concerned about EPA in adults and conduct further investigation to have a better understanding of the disease. (Korean J Dermatol 2007;45(8):797∼803)

정신분열병 환자의 인지기능 평가

장계호,이철,조희수,이창욱,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.5

목 적 : 본 연구의 목적은 정신분열병 환자의 인지적 결함을 정상 대조군과 비교하여 평가하고, 환자의 인지적 결함과 다른 임상변인들과의 연관성을 알아보고자 함이다. 방 법 : 총 25명의 환자들과 19명의 정상 대조군이 전산화 신경심리 검사를 완수하였다. 환자들은 양성 및 음성 증상평가척도와 추체외로증상평가척도를 사용한 반구조화된 정신과적 면담을 통하여 평가되었다. 환자의 나이, 성별, 교육수준, 유병기간, 임상아형, 약물투여 상대 및 유전적 소인들에 대해서도 조사하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자들은 인식력검사, 주의력검사, 표준도형지능검사에서 정상 대조군보다 낮은 수행능력을 보였고 이것은 환자의 성별, 유전적 소인, 추체외로 증상, 양성 및 음성증상, 유병기간과 무관하였다. 정신분열병 환자의 인지적 결함은 주로 이들의 교육수준 및 임상아형과 상관있었다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자들 중 일부는 인지적 결함을 보이며, 이러한 결함은 주로 교육수준 및 임상아형과 상관있다고 판단된다. 정신분열병 환자들의 적절한 치료를 위해서는 이들의 인지적 기능에 대한 주의깊은 평가가 필요하다. Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the cognitive function in schizophrenic pathents. We also examined the correlation of cognitive impairment with other clinical variables. Methods : A total of 25 patients and 19 normal controls completed Vienna Test System, a computerized neuropsychological test. These included Cognitrone test, continuous attention test, standard progressive matrices. We separately assessed the patient group on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(EPS scale). The other clinical variables included in this study were age, sex, education level, disease duration, clinical subtype, medication state and genetic factor. Results : Schizophrenic patients had poorer performance than normal controls on the tests of cognitrone, continuous attention, and standard progressive matrices, independent of sex, genetic factors, EPS scale scores, PANSS scores, disease duration . The cognitive impairment in schizophrenics was mainly associated with their education levels and clinical subtypes. Conclusion : In light of our results, it seemed that some schizophrenics perform poorly on cognitive tasks, and this poor performance may be associated with education levels and clinical subtypes. The more careful evaluation of cognitive function in schizophrenic patients would be needed for their proper management.

청정지역과 도시지역의 오존농도 특성 연구

장광미,강창희,서명석,허철구,박경윤,이호근,김영준 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

A study has been performed on the characteristics of rural and urban surface ozone concentration for the period of March 1992 to February 1993. The monitoring station of rural ozone is located at Kosan, Cheju and other urban monitoring stations are located at Seoul, Pusan and Kwangju. Rural's and urban's ozone data exhibit a distinct features in many ways. First, annual mean of rural ozone concentration is very high(42 ppbv) but urban's are very low(10~15 ppbv). Second, rural ozone data shows a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in summer, but urban's show a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in winter. Third, diurnal variation of rural data is very small but that of urban's are very large. Fourth, monthly mean of daily minimum of rural data is not low and shows a large seasonal variation, but those of urban's data are extremely low(<3 ppbv) and have no seasonal variations.

Clozapine 투여후 발생한 급성 간염

장순주,이호택,백주희,이상연 대한신경정신의학회 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.1

Clozapine 투여 후에 급성 간염이 발생했던 두 명의 환자에 대한 증례로, 두 명 모두 이전에 약물에 이한 간염이 발생한 과거력이 있었던 환자로서 무증사의 급성 간염이 발생한 후에 보존적 치료 후에 호전 되었다. 간염이 발생한 후에 간효소수치에 대해 정기적으로 검사를 하면서, 사용하고 있던 clozapine의 용량을 낮춘 후 간장제를 투여함으로써 간효소수치는 정상화되었다. Clozapine과 비교하면 clozapine은 간세포의 cytochrome P450에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되고 있고 chlorpromazine은 간내 담즙저류에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 과거 약물에 의한 간염을 경험한 환자는 clozapine에 의해 유도된 감염에 보다 취약성을 보일 가능성이 있으며, 이런 관점에서 이전의 간 기능 이상을 경험했거나 물질 사용 장애 등의 병발이 있을 경우 정기적인 간기능 평가가 임상적으로 중요할 것으로 판단된다. The authors report two cases of clzapine-induced acute hepatitis. Two patients developed asymptomatic hepatitis and got better with conservative care. We decreased the dosage of clozapine and added hepatic protections, resulting in normalized laboratory findings. The authors also reviewed side effects of clozapine in this report. We reviewed the suggested mechanism of either clozapine or chlorpromazine-induced hepatitis. clozapine influences the liver cell via cytochrome P 450 and chlorpromazine does so via mild cholestasis. There may be a possibility that a patient who has experienced drug-induced hepatitis is vulnerable to clozapine-induced acute hepatitis. In this respect, those who have experienced drug-induced hepatitis must be observed more closely.

Analysis about TV advertisement Expression by the Post-structuralism

Jang,Ho Hyun,Pyo,Hee Chan (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 2006 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2006 No.2

축산시설에서 발생되는 악취의 축종별 특성에 대한 설문조사

장영기,송기봉,김호정,유용희 한국환경영향평가학회 2004 환경영향평가 Vol.13 No.1

At Recent the number of livestock is rapidly increased and the scale of farm has changed to large operations in Korea. So the odors frcm livestock feeding operations have increased and become major environmental problem. The odor emission are dependent on the types of manure management system and the meteorological factors. This report presents the results of a questionnaire on the odor characteristics from livestock facilities for the beef, dairy, swine and poultry. It is founded that the impact by odors from the facilities for swine and poultry is higher than cow and dairy, and the odor intensity at morning is higher than other times.

제주도 고산에서 수용성 에어로졸의 화학적 성분 분석

장광미,이호근,강창희,허철구,박경윤,서명석 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

Atmospheric aerosols were collected by a High Volume Tape Sampler from March 1992 to December 1993 at Kosan, Cheju, korea. The water soluble ion concentrations in aerosol were analyzed. The concentrations of cations(Na+, K+, Ca²+, Mg²+, NH₄+) were determined by an Inductively Coupled Plazma(ICP) or an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer(AAS), and those of anions(Cl-, NO₃-, SO₄²-) were analayzed by the capillary electrophoresis method. The Ca²+, SO₄²-and NO₃- concentrations in spring were higher than those in other seasons. The lowest concentrations of these elements were found in summer, largely due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially the ca²+ concentration on April was three to four times higher than the annual mean concentration. The enrichment factor(E.F.) of each element was calculated. The annual mean E.F. values of the Ca²+, Mg²+ and Cl- in 1992 were the same as those in 1993 except K+ and SO₄²-. The correlation formula between all cations and anions for the whole period was Anions=0.759xCations+0.066.

중학생의 역사 드라마 시청이 역사의식에 미치는 영향

장희흥,차경호,구혜진 大邱大學校 師範大學 附設 敎育硏究所 2010 學校敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.2

This study is aimed at proposing the specific plans to use history drama lessons through the study on the relations between reality, fascination and involvement that are sub-variables of history drama viewing and middles school students’ historical consciousness, and to raise their historical consciousness by using history drama lessons. In order to accomplish such a goal, the study selected respective 250 middle school students in Daegue and Gumi, Gyeongsangbuk-do as its subjects, and the surveyed and analyzed findings are obtained as follows. First, it is the result obtained by dividing the subjects’ general characteristics. Fascination and involvement among reality, fascination, and involvement that were sub-variables had a difference in the division by sex. Fascination was shown to be higher in female students while involvement was higher in male students. In addition, as to the region, history drama viewing had no difference in middle school students of Daegue and Gyeongsangbuk-do. Historical consciousness was higher in middle school students of Daegue that those of Gyeongsangbuk-do, while regarding the grade there was no difference in history drama viewing and historical consciousness. Second, it was the result regarding how reality, fascination, and involvement that were sub-variables of history dram viewing affected historical consciousness. With regards to types of history dram viewing, fascination, reality, and involvement significantly affected historical consciousness in order. According to the gender, male students’ reality, involvement, and fascination gave a significant effect on historical consciousness while female students’ involvement didn’t affect historical consciousness, and fascination and reality gave an effect on historical consciousness in order. As to the grade, the first graders’ reality, fascination, and involvement were not related to historical consciousness while the second graders’ reality and fascination except for involvement affected in order. Besides, the third graders’ fascination only affected historical consciousness. Regarding the region, fascination and reality of middle school students in Daegu affected historical consciousness in order while fascination, involvement, and reality of middle school students in Gyeongsangbuk-do influenced historical consciousness. Like this, there was a little difference in the gender, grade, and region, but reality, fascination, and involvement that were sub-variables related to history drama viewing affected historical consciousness, and the higher sub-variables related to history drama viewing were, the higher historical consciousness was. Due to the fact that history dramas had a fictional element, there was a discussion on educational efficiency. However, this study verified the fact that history dramas can be educationally used, instead of deciding whether history drams were true or not. Based on the findings of the study, the effective utilization methods of history dramas in history lessons are suggested as follows. First, the study of historical figures using history dramas is possible. Students can understand properties of characters through re-enactment and empathy, and approach various figures that don’t appear in textbooks. Second, they can raise critical view that is able to divide false and fact of history dramas and use it to the fact learning. Third, it is possible to learn historical terms. By learning unfamiliar and difficult historical terms in advance, they can increase interest in history lessons. Fourth, storytelling of historical materials is possible. Students can make their own new interpretation by constructing various historical materials in a way of history dramas. Fifth, they can use a decoration making of history dramas, a visiting of the set, and a clipping of TV screen capture in various manufacturing studies as materials. Sixth, they can have a mock trial and a role-playing lesson regarding behaviors decisions of history drama figures. Seventh, they can study the public life history through history dramas. 이 논문은 중학생의 역사 드라마 시청이 역사의식에 미치는 영향에 대한 것이다. 역사 드라마 시청과 관련된 하위변인인 현실감, 심취도, 관여도는 성별, 학년, 지역에 따른 차이는 있지만, 역사의식에 분명 히 영향을 미치고 있다. 영향력의 크기는 심취도, 현실감, 관여도 순으로 나타났다. 그렇기에 역사 드라 마 시청과 관련한 역사 수업은 중학생의 역사의식 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 역사 드라마를 시청하려는 의도와 시청하는 동안의 관여도 정도는 남학생의 경우 역사의식에 유의한 영향을 미쳤지만, 여학생의 경우 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나왔다. 학년별로 결과를 살펴보면 모든 학년에서 관여도는 역사의식에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났고, 제일 고학 년인 3학년에서 심취도만이 영향을 주는 것으로 보아 역사 드라마를 시청함에 있어 역사적 사실과 허구를 구별하는 능력이 아래 학년보다 발달하여 현실감의 영향을 덜 받은 것으로 보인다. 역사의식은 대구광역시 중학생이 경상북도 중학생보다 다소 높다. 그리고 실제 사극의 선호도는 퓨전 이나 판타지를 선호하지만 실제 전통사극이 역사의식에 더 높은 영향을 미쳤다. 이것은 현장 교사의 경 험담과 일치한다.