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홍수진,In Kyung Sung,김재규,이상우,최석채,양창헌,이상인,Dong Ho Lee,김광하,전성우,박무인,박수경,박병주,설상영 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2011 Gut and Liver Vol.5 No.4
Background/Aims: The role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) is still uncertain. We originally planned a randomized clinical study to observe dyspeptic symptoms after H. pylori eradication therapy. However, we failed to complete the study; therefore,we analyzed the factors that affected the failure of the study. Methods: Interviews and questionnaire surveys were conducted to analyze the factors that induced early termination from the study. Results: Many patients were screened by gastroenterologists at 11 tertiary referral hospitals between July 2009 and August 2010; however, only 4 patients met the enrollment criteria. Most patients who visited our clinics had been experiencing FD symptoms for less than 6 months or were already taking medication. They also demanded to continue taking medications and using other drugs. Only 3of the 4 patients signed informed consent. Conclusions: The application of the current Rome III criteria to FD is difficult to evaluate in Korean patients with dyspeptic symptoms because of the early medical evaluation. Most Korean patients who were diagnosed with FD by the Rome III criteria did not overcome their fear of being unable to use rescue medications during the study period.
홍수진 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2010 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.16 No.1
Chronic psychological stress is associated with visceral hyperalgesia. Microglia in the central nervous system are a type of nonneuronal cells and play a key role in the initiation or maintenance of hyperalgesia and allodynia, as demonstrated in animal models of chronic pain caused by peripheral inflammation or nerve injury.1 However, the mechanisms of microglia activation and the downstream pathways leading to amplification of the nociceptive signaling are only partially understood. Activated microglia produce and release a range of proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor ), chemokines, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins, all of which can act on afferent nerve terminals and spinal sensory neurons and increase neuronal excitability.2 The authors wanted to identify the role of spinal microglia in the development of visceral hyperalgesia from chronic stress in a rat model. In the study, the authors used adult male Wistar rats with or without water avoidance (WA) stress. Rats were placed on a block (8×8×10 cm) affixed to the center of a Plexiglas cage (25 ×25×45 cm) filled with fresh water at room temperature (25oC) to within 1 cm of the top of the block (WA) or kept empty (sham WA) for a period of one hour daily for 10 consecutive days.3 The rats had a surgically implanted chronic intrathecal (IT) catheter and an osmotic mini-pump. The rats then had a Teflon-coated electrode inserted into the external oblique musculature for electromyographic (EMG) recording.4One group of rats was exposed to chronic WA stress or sham WA for 10 days and were sacrificed on day 11. Samples of lumbar spinal cord (L6S1) were collected and processed for immunohistochemically for P-p38, the microglia marker OX42, or the neuronal marker NeuN. Also, other groups of rats were exposed to WA stress or sham stress for 10 days and given daily injections of minocycline, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 inhibitor SB203580, or vehicle (0.9% saline) via osmotic pump connected to an IT catheter. Phosphorylation levels of the kinase p38 (P-p38), the microglia marker OX42, NK1R, and IB were assessed by immunoblotting and/or immunostaining of spinal samples. The authors also performed EMG recordings and baseline recordings of the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) before beginning the treatment (day 0) and then again 24 hours after the last WA or sham WA sessions (day 11). The effects of the microglia-activating factor fractalkine were assessed on the visceral sensitivity in control nonstressed rats exposed to minocycline or vehicle. The immunohistochemistry for the activation marker of mi croglia, P-p38, revealed greater P-p38 staining in the spinal dorsal horn from WA stressed rats compared with controls. The immunoreactivity for P-p38 colocalized with OX42-positive cells (microglia) from WA stressed rats. Western blotting also demonstrated increased levels of P-p38 in WA stressed rats compared with controls. This increase was inhibited by treatment with IT minocycline or with IT SB203580. Western blotting showed increased expression of NK1R in WA stressed rats compared with controls. Stress-induced increased NK1R expression was completely blocked by minocycline but not SB203580. WA stress induced decreased IB expression, and this decrease was partially blocked by minocycline and SB203580. WA stress induced hyperalgesia in stressed rats treated with vehicle. WA induced visceral hyperalgesia was blocked by daily treatment with IT injection of minocycline or SB203580. Fractalkine injection-induced hyperalgesia was blocked by minocycline.
Climate Responses in the Tropical Pacific Associated with Atlantic Warming in Recent Decades
홍수진,강인식,최일대,함유근 한국기상학회 2013 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.49 No.2
In this study, we investigated the impact of the Atlantic decadal-scale sea surface temperature (SST) variation on the tropical Pacific climate using a Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). During the recent decade from 2000 to 2010 when the Atlantic SST has sharply increased, observations have shown that the strong easterly and increased precipitation anomalies appeared over the western-central Pacific. It is different from the conventional Gilltype response in which the easterly due to heating in the Atlantic is expected to be extended to the Indian Ocean. We have found that the warm pool over the western Pacific plays an important role in enhancing the atmospheric response to the Atlantic SST forcing in the Pacific basin. Simplified Aqua planet GCM experiments showed that the central location of the anomalous easterly over the Pacific produced by the Atlantic SST forcing highly depends on the location of the idealized warm pool. The reason for this is because the moisture feedback is strongest over the warm pool region, which leads to additional local anomalous convergence, and therefore the easterly produced by the Atlantic SST forcing is enhanced only over the east of the warm pool region.
홍수진,이미영,임철수,백성욱 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2012 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.6
지적장애 아동들은 언어적 능력이 부족하고 스스로가 창의적이며 능동적인 학습이 어려움으로 이러한 부분들을 해결할 수 있는 시스템이 필요로 하다. 본 논문은 지적장애 아동들의 창의적인 콘텐츠 저작과 효율적인 학습을 위하여 지적장애 아동들을 위한 어린이용 저작시스템(COSMOS Kids)의 추가 기능과 새로운 인터페이스를 제안하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 기존의 어린이용 저작시스템 자체에 대한 만족도 평가와 저작시스템의 세부 기능별 만족도 평가를 각각 수행하여 기존 저작시스템의 문제점을 파악하였다. 이어 그 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 추가 기능을 제안·적용하고, 이 기능에 대한 유용성 평가를 수행하였다. 마지막으로는 지적장애 아동들을 위한 새로운 인터페이스를 설계하였다.
직장항문 기능성 질환에 있어 자기장 자극 (magnetic stimulation) 치료에 대한 연구
홍수진,이준성 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
Backgraoud/Aims: Magnetic stimulation therapy is a conservative, non-invasive treatment for stress urinary incontinence in women. This therapy use a powerful, pulsed magnetic field to induce depolarization of the nerves in the pelvic floor and subsequent contractions of the pelvic floor musculature. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of magnetic stimulation therapy on various anorectal functional disorders. Methods: Twelve patients were enrolled and evaluated for the various anorectal symptoms using questionnaire and baseline anorectal functional studies These patients were treated with magnetic stimulation therapy. In all sessions, the frequency of induced electromagnetic field was constant (50 Hz for 30 minutes). Results: For fecal incontinence, all patients had improved on symptom scores. The patients with proctalgia fugax were reduced after magnetic stimulation therapy. In pelvic floor dyssynergia, resting anal pressure were decreased (p=0.007) and symptom scores tended to decrease (p=0.063). Conclusions: Magnetic stimulation therapy was found to be an effective and convenient method of treating fecal incontinence. It may be useful in treatment of proctalgia fugax and pelvic floor dyssyenrgia. Long-term placebo-controlled studies are needed to properly evaluate the true efficacy of this treatment modality.