The Methodological Approach of Action Research in the Field of English Language Teaching

정영옥(Young Ok Jong),정채관(Chae Kwan Jung) 한국영어어문교육학회 2015 영어어문교육 Vol.21 No.2

Qualitative research has been dominant paradigm in social research including English Language Teaching (ELT) for many years. However, there has been a paradigm shift towards qualitative research that has occurred in much recent social research. In addition, there has been a shift towards a new paradigm, often referred as ‘Action Research (AR)’ in which teachers as researchers study situations in effort to improve some aspect of professional practice. In this paper, we will take AR as a much broader approach within the qualitative research stance to see what is happening in educational and ELT research, so that teacher research can enhance the practice of teachers. With this new methodological movement, we have three purposes in this paper: 1) to explore two different methodological approaches within a theoretical perspective; 2) to criticize an example of sustained cross-school AR in order to better illustrate how action research can proceed; and 3) to investigate the application of AR in order to explore its potential for developing collaborative classroom-based AR. We believe that if further AR is to be sustainable by English teachers as researchers, it will be a promising area needing further research in educational and ELT research in Korea.

무릎 골관절염 환자에서 초음파로 평가된 위중도와 연골 및 활막의 생화학적 지표 간의 상관관계

정영옥 ( Young Ok Jung ),김해림 ( Hae Rim Kim ),강효종 ( Hyo Jong Kang ),유승아 ( Seung Ah Yoo ),나종명 ( Jong Myoung Nah ),조철수 ( Chul Soo Cho ),김호연 ( Ho Youn Kim ),김완욱 ( Wan Uk Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2004 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Objective: Ultrasonography has benefit in detecting soft tissue abnormalities within the joints, which cannot be assessed by conventional X-ray. In this study, we investigated the relationship between soft tissue and/or bony abnormalities on ultrasonography and biochemical markers of synovium and cartilage in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients Methods: Fifty-one knee OA patients who fulfilled the ACR criteria were enrolled in this study. Knee ultrasonography was performed in affected knee joints with a 12 MHz linear probe to assess the presence of effusion, synovial proliferation, capsular distension, length of osteophytes, and thickness of cartilage. At the same time, the serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) were measured by ELISA and serum osteocalcin levels were determined by RIA. Results: The patients with longer medial osteophytes showed higher levels of serum HA and COMP than those with shorter ones. Serum HA levels were significantly higher in patients with larger amount of effusion and/or synovial proliferation, suggesting inflammatory changes within the joint, than those without. In addition, the severity of capsular distention was also correlated well with serum HA and COMP levels. However, the length of lateral osteophytes and thickness of femoral cartilage were not correlated with serum HA or COMP levels. Serum osteocalcin levels did not show any association with above ultrasonographic parameters, either. Conclusion: Using knee ultrasonography, we demonstrated that serum HA and COMP levels were elevated in more severe OA patients than less severe patients. This result suggests that detailed pathologic changes in the soft tissue and/or bone of OA joints on ultrasonography are being directly reflected to biochemical markers measured in the peripheral blood.

영미 아동 청소년 문학을 활용한 다독의 유용성 탐색 : 옥스퍼드 리딩 트리를 중심으로

정영옥 ( Jong¸ Young Ok ),정채관 ( Jung¸ Chae Kwan ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2021 교육문화연구 Vol.27 No.4

4차 산업혁명 시대다. 4차 산업혁명 시대는 초연결·초지능 시대일 뿐만 아니라 상상의 시대이기도 하다. 상상력은 인류가 혁신적인 기술과 발명을 하는 데 견인차 역할을 하며, 상상력은 책 읽기를 통해 더욱 풍부해질 수 있다. 책 읽기는 4차 산업혁명 시대의 인재가 갖추어야 할 핵심역량 중 가장 중요한 문해력을 높이는 방법이다. 따라서 세계 각국은 국가경쟁력 강화를 위해 읽기를 더욱 강조하고 있다. 영어교육에서도 원서 읽기에 관한 관심이 증대되었다. 우리나라와 같이 외국어로서의 영어(English as a Foreign Language, EFL) 교육환경에서는 영어 노출이 절대적으로 부족하므로 원서 읽기는 EFL 아동 영어 학습자에게 음소, 파닉스, 어휘와 더불어 이해력을 신장시킬 수 있는 효과적인 방법으로 자리를 잡았다. 특히 방법론적인 측면에서 책 내용에 집중하여 다량의 책을 빠르게 읽는 다독은 목표어 노출량이 절대적으로 부족한 EFL 아동과 청소년 영어 학습자에게 효과적이다. 본 연구에서는 세계적으로 문해력 신장을 위한 읽기가 강조되는 추세에 맞춰 영미 아동 청소년 문학 중에서도 손꼽히는 옥스퍼드 리딩 트리 시리즈를 분석하여 아동과 청소년 영어 학습자의 언어학습에 도움이 될 수 있는 부분을 문화적, 언어적 측면에서 살펴보고 아동 청소년 문학을 활용한 읽기 지도에서의 다독의 유용성을 탐색하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the cultural and linguistic benefits of extensive reading based on analyses of an English book series for children. The 4th Industrial Revolution era can be characterised as imagination along with hyperconnectivity and superintelligence. Reading can play a fundamental role in technological innovation and invention for future generations. It can also broaden our imagination. Reading has been considered a way to improve literacy, which is one of the core skills in the 21st century. Consequently, many countries have focused on reading development in order to enhance its national competitive power. Reading English books, which is a source of language input identical to the mother tongue, is also drawing attention in the field of English teaching and learning. Particularly, reading English books has been recognised as an effective way to improve phonemes, phonics, vocabulary, and understanding. Similarly, there is no doubt that extensive reading can be the best way to attain these skills in the EFL context, including for Koreans. This study may provide practical considerations through numerous and specific examples.

고추에서 分離한 微生物의 發育과 Capsaicin의 分解에 關한 硏究

鄭榮玉(Young-Ok Jung),劉太鍾(Tai-Jong Yu) 韓國營養學會 1976 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.9 No.3

연근과 우절 에탄올 추출물의 향장효능 검증

장영아(Young Ah Jang),박소현(So Hyun Park),김보애(Bo Ae Kim),박종이(Jong Yi Park),정영옥(Young Ok Jeoung),이진태(Jin Tae Lee) 한국유화학회 2017 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 화장품 소재로서 연근과 우절의 가능성을 확인하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 우리는 연근과 우절 에탄올 추출물을 사용하여 항산화, 항염증 및 항주름에 대한 생물학적 활성 평가를 수행하였다. 연근과 우절을 95% 에탄올로 추출한 다음 항산화 평가를 위해 샘플을 농도 (100, 500, 1000) μg/mL 에 따라 처리하여 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 라디칼 소거능과 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) 양이온 라디칼 소거능을 확인하였다. 또한 항주름 효과를 평가하기 위해 Elastase 저해 활성 평가를 수행 하였다. 항염증 효과를 평가하기 위해서 대식세포 (Raw 264.7 cells)를 이용해 MTT assay를 통한 샘플의 독성평가와 nitric oxide 생성 저해 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 연근과 우절의 1000 μg/mL 농도에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 활성이 각 66.7%, 99.5% 로 ABTS+ 라디칼 소거능 활성은 동일농도에서 각 51.2%, 98.3%로 나타났다. elastase저해 활성 결과 우절이 연근에 비해 높은 항주름 효능을 나타내었다. 우절은 1000 μg/mL 농도에서 대조군 EGCG 보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Nitric oxide 저해 활성 결과에 따르면 연근은 55.8%의 효과를 나타내었고 우절은 66.6%의 효과를 각각 나타내어 우절 추출물이 연근보다 항염증 효과가 더 우수함을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 연근 및 우절 추출물은 안전한 항산화 항염증 및 항주름 천연화장품소재로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. This study is for checking the possibility of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome as cosmetic materials. For this we carried out biological active evaluation about anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle by using ethanol extract of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome. We extracted Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome with 95% ethanol and then in order to evaluate anti-oxidant activity we treated samples by concentrations (100, 500, 1000) μg/mL and carried out 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and The activity of 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging. Also, in order to evaluate effect of anti-wrinkle we carried out evaluation of Elastase inhibitory activity. To evaluate effect of anti-inflammatory we evaluated toxicity of samples through MTT assay with a macrophage (Raw 264.7 cells) and measured nitric oxide production inhibitory activity. As a result, DPPH radical scavenging activity of Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome at 1000 μg/mL was 66.7% and 99.5%, respectively and ABTS + radical scavenging activity was 51.2% and 98.3% at the same concentration, respectively. Elastase inhibitory activity results showed that the nodes of the Lotus Rhizom extract excellent anti-wrinkle efficacy than Lotus Rhizom. Node of Lotus Rhizome showed higher anti-wrinkle activity than the positive the control group BHT at 1000 μg/mL concentration. According to the result of nitric oxide production inhibitory activity, Lotus Rhizom showed 55.8% effect and nodes of the Lotus Rhizom showed 66.6% effect respectively. This showed that effect of anti-inflammatory was greater in nodes of the Lotus Rhizom extracts. As a result it suggests that Lotus Rhizome and node of Lotus Rhizome extracts can be used as natural substance of cosmetics which are safe in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-wrinkle.

지속성 외래 복막투석 환자에서 혈중 Lopoprotein(a) 농도에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대한 다변수 분석

정영옥,박정식,이윤정,김유미,박종하,신영태,김순배,채동환 대한신장학회 1999 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.18 No.5

Lp(a) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Marked increase in plasma lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] was reported in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients. Serum albumin, parameters of nutritional status and parameters of dialysis have been reported to be related with Lp(a) concentration. Eighty nine patients(age 52±13, M: F 61: 28) undergoing CAPD were included in this study. We measured Lp(a) concentration, apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] phenotype, serum albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), Creactive protein(CRP), fibrinogen, 24 hour peritosol protein ancl albumin, 24 hour urine protein and albumin, total albumin clearance, residual renal function(RRF), and parameters of nutritional status such as prealbumin, triceps skin fold(TSF), mid-arm muscle area(MAMA), and normalized protein catabolic rate(nPCR). Peritoneal equilibration test(PET) and weekly Kt/V,. were also measured to evaluate relationship of Lp(a) and the adequacy of dialysis. The median serum Lp(a) was 48.9mg/dl(29.1-73.5 mg/dl)(quartiles). Higher Lp(a) level was observed in the low molecular weight apo(a) subgroup. There was no significant difference in serum Lp(a) levels between male and female, diabetic and non-diabetic patients, smokers and non-smokers. Serum albumin was negatively correlated(r=-0.28, p$lt;0.01), while total albumin clearance was positively correlated with Lp (a)(r=0.20, p$lt;0.05). 4)gLp(a) was not correlated with age, duration of dialysis, prealbumin, fibrinogen, RRF, weekly Kt/V, PET, PTH, CRP, TSF, MAMA, nPCR, 24hour peritosol protein and albumin and 24hour urine protein and albumin. Multivariate analysis using apo(a) phenotype, serurn albumin, total albumin clearance as independent variables revealed that serum albumin and apo(a) phenotype were significantly related with logLp(a)(p$lt;0.05). Apo(a) phenotype and serum albumin were the factors that were independently associated with serum Lp(a) concentration in CAPD patients.

Dexamethasone, Transforming Growth Factor-β1이 사구체 내피세포의 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1(VCAM-1) 발현에 미치는 영향

정영옥,Lee, Jong Soo,장윤혜,양원석,장혜숙,안한종,이재담,박수길 대한신장학회 1998 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.17 No.5

Endothelial cell have been shown to play an active role in many phases of immunologic process, including binding of T lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, and monocytes to the endothelium, as well as phagocytosis. Endothelial cells can also serve as targets that undergo cell injury. The most prominent mediators of endothelial cell activation are IL-1β and TNF-α. VLA-4 was first identified as an endothelial cell surface receptor. We performed the culture of endothelial cells derived from human glomerular capillaries and studied the cytokine-regulated expression of VCAM-1 , and the effect of dexamethasone and TGF-β on the cytokine induced VCAM-1 expression using ELISA method. Expression of VCAM-1 was not detectable above background level in the basal unstimulated state. However, VCAM-1 was rapidly induced after exposure to IL-1β(5ng/ml) or TNF-α(1, 10ng/ml) (O.D.=1.76±0.15, 1.95±0.35, 1.88±0.17, mean±S.E., control=0.36±0.028, n=8-24, P$lt;0.05). But IFN-γdid not increase the expression of VCAM-1. Addiamethasone(10μM) and TGF-β1(1ng, 10ng/ml) blunted IL-1β and TNF-α induced expression of VCAM-1. Therefore, VCAM-1 could be inducible in human glomerular endothelial cells, and it was regulated by dexamethasone and TGF-β1. The negative findings in histopathology may reflect the transience of VCAM-1 expression and does not necessarily exclude an important role of this molecule in the early stages of renal disease.