경기도내 물놀이형 수경시설 중 미생물 분포 조사 연구

정아용(Ah-Yong Jeong),박명기(Myoung-Ki Park),김윤성(Yun-Sung Kim),이창희(Chang-Hee Lee),이정희(Jung-Hee Lee),이혜연(Hye-Yeoun Lee),김영숙(Young-Suk Kim) 한국환경보건학회 2020 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Objectives: We analyzed water in waterscape facilities to investigate contamination levels of water-borne pathogens and four test items (pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, and Escherichia coli) at facilities including play fountains, splash parks, and artificial streams from June to October in Suwon City and in the whole of Gyeonggido. Methods: A total of 62 waterscape facility samples were collected from 36 sites and tested for pathogenic Escherichia coli and water-borne viruses that cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease, eye disease, and acute enteritis. Results: None of the water-borne pathogens were detected in waterscape facility samples collected from across Gyeonggi-do that were for pre-inspection for facility management. However, the results of samples from Suwon collected in hot weather and during the school vacation period showed five total inconsistencies in turbidity (four cases) and Escherichia coli (one case). Three out of the four inconsistent samples in turbidity were from the same facility which operated a sand filtration system due to its locational factors close to mountains. Conclusion: We suggest that the waterscape facilities in Gyeonggi-do are managed properly in the respect of microbial contamination and water quality.

컬러푸드 중 쿼세틴 및 쿼세틴 배당체 함량조사

박예지(Ye-ji Park),김기철(Ki-Cheol Kim),조상훈(Sang-Hun Cho),문선애(Sun-Ae Moon),김한택(Han-Taek Kim),정아용(Ah-Yong Jeong),김아람(A-Ram Kim),채경석(Kyung-Suk Chae),김지원(Ji-Won Kim),박명기(Myoung-Ki Park) 한국식품영양과학회 2023 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.52 No.7

본 연구는 국내에서 주로 소비되고 유통되는 컬러푸드의 쿼세틴 및 배당체 함량을 조사하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 QuEChERS kit인 ENK1-SC와 WT186008075를 사용하여 추출 및 정제하는 전처리법을 확립하였고, LC-MS/MS를 이용해 21분 동안 negative 모드로 분석하는 기기 분석법을 확립하였다. 서류 1품목, 과일류 4품목, 채소류 8품목(총 100건)의 쿼세틴 및 배당체 함량을 분석한 결과, 브로콜리를 제외한 12품목에 함유되었음을 확인하였다. 총 쿼세틴 함량은 블루베리, 체리, 오디, 토마토, 양파, 포도, 고추, 파프리카, 애호박, 고구마, 콜리플라워, 양배추 순으로 높게 나타났다. Rutin의 함량이 가장 높은 항목은 체리(135.88±7.27μg/g FW)였고, 블루베리에서 hyperin(74.22±14.69 μg/gFW), isoquercitrin(58.48±12.30 μg/g FW), quercitrin(5.47±0.73 μg/g FW)의 함량이 가장 높게 검출되었다. 쿼세틴 함량은 양파(4.96±0.36 μg/g FW)에서 높게 나타났다. 또한, 품목은 같지만 색이 다른 시료의 함량을 비교한 결과, 포도의 isoquercitrin 함량은 청포도보다 약 9배 높게 검출되었고, 청고추의 quercitrin 함량은 홍고추보다 약 8배 높게 나타났다. 쿼세틴 함량이 가장 높은 양파를 부위별로 나누어 함량을 비교한 결과, 과육, 뿌리, 껍질 순으로 isoquercitrin과 쿼세틴의 함량이 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과는 국내 다소비 컬러푸드의 쿼세틴 및 배당체 함량에 대한 영양학적 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다. This study was undertaken to determine the contents of quercetin and quercetin glycosides in colored foods. We developed a sample extraction and separation method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) kit, and the analytical method was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Totally, 13 colored foods were analyzed; quercetin and quercetin glycosides were obtained in 12 foods, except broccoli. The total quercetin contents of colored foods were high, in the sequential order blueberry, cherry, mulberry, tomato, onion, grape, pepper, sweet pepper, zucchini, sweet potato, cauliflower, and cabbage. Among the colored foods surveyed, the highest content was obtained for rutin, a quercetin glycoside, in cherries (135.88±7.27 μg/g FW). The highest contents obtained in blueberries were hyperin (74.22±14.69 μg/g FW), isoquercitrin (58.48±12.30μg/g FW), and quercitrin (5.47±0.73 μg/g FW). Quercetin content was the highest in onions (4.96±0.36 μg/g FW). Comparing the contents of quercetin and quercetin glycosides according to color, the isoquercitrin content of purple grapes was determined to be about 9 times higher than in green grapes (P<0.05). Furthermore, the contents of rutin, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin were significantly higher in green pepper than in red pepper (P<0.05).

한국에서 유통되는 화분식품의 잔류농약 함량 분석

김재관,손미희,조영선,한나은,최종철,이성남,박명기,박용배,김병태,Jae-Gwan Kim,Mi-Hui Son,Young-Sun Cho,Na-Eun Han,Jong-Cheol Choi,Seong-Nam Lee,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park,Byeong-Tae Kim 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.4

To analyze the pesticide residues in commercial bee pollen products in South Korea, 61 samples were collected and screened for 339 pesticides. Results revealed that approximately 34% (>LOQ) of samples were contaminated with at least one pesticide. The pesticide residue detection rates of domestic and imported samples were 31% and 44%, respectively. Furthermore, the pesticide residue detection rate of online distribution (60%) was higher than that of offline distribution (27%). Fifteen pesticides were discovered in bee pollen, and pendimethalin, chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos, and fluazinam were detected in 7, 6, 3, and 2 order of frequency, respectively. Even though its concentration was low, chlorfenvinphos which is banned in food crops in the United States, European Union, and Korea, was detected in bee pollen samples commonly. Therefore, continuous investigation of pesticide residues in bee pollen products and their acceptance criteria is required for safety.

고추씨 기름의 잔류농약 모니터링

손미희,김재관,이유진,김지은,백은진,김병태,박명기,박용배,Mi-Hui Son,Jae-Kwan Kim,You-Jin Lee,Ji-Eun Kim,Eun-Jin Baek,Byeong-Tae Kim,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

2022년 8월부터 12월까지 시중에서 유통되는 고추씨기름 4건과 고추맛기름 36건에 대한 잔류농약 실태를 조사 하였다. 총 40건의 시료에 대해 179종의 농약을 모니터링한 결과 39건에서 14종의 농약이 검출되었으며 검출범위는 0.01-2.16 mg/kg이었다. 고추씨기름에선 10종의 농약이 27회 검출되었고 검출범위는 0.02-2.16 mg/kg 이었으며 고추맛기름은 9종의 농약이 94회 검출되었고 검출범위는 0.01-0.80 mg/kg 이었다. 가장 빈번하게 검출된 농약은 tebuconazole, ethion, difenoconazole이었으며 중국산 원재료를 사용한 제품에서 ethion이 다수 검출되었다. 국내 미등록 농약인 ethion은 경기도에서 최근 10년간 검출된 적이 없는 농약성분으로, ethion이 검출시 중국산 제품으로 판단할수 있는 지표물질로 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 고추는 농약이 많이 사용되는 대표적인 농산물 중 하나로, 고추씨로 전이된 농약이 제거되지 않을 경우 고추씨기름에서 다양한 종류의 농약이 검출될 확률이 매우 높다. 따라서 고추씨기름의 안전성을 보장하기 위해선 지속적인 연구조사가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The status of residual pesticides was investigated in four pepper seed oil samples and 36 pepper-flavored oil samples oil distributed on the market from August to December 2022. A total of 179 pesticides were monitored in 40 samples, and 14 pesticides were detected in 39 of the samples, with a detection range of 0.01-2.16 mg/kg. In chili seed oil, 10 pesticides were detected 27 times with a range of 0.11-2.16 mg/kg, and in pepper-flavored oil, 9 pesticides were detected 94 times with a range of 0.01-0.80 mg/kg. The most frequently detected pesticides were tebuconazole, ethion, and difenoconazole, with ethion being detected in large concentrations in products using Chinese raw materials. Ethion, an unregistered pesticide in the Republic of Korea, has not been detected in the Gyeonggi-do area in the past 10 years. It is thought that the detection of ethion can be utilized as an indicator of products made in China. Peppers are a representative agricultural product for which many pesticides are used, and if the pesticides transferred to pepper seeds are not removed, the probability of detecting various types of pesticides in pepper seed oil is very high. Therefore, continuous research is needed to ensure the safety of pepper seed oil.

경기서부지역 로컬푸드 잔류농약 실태조사

손미희,김재관,이유진,김지은,백은진,김병태,이성남,박명기,박용배,Mi-Hui Son,Jae-Kwan Kim,You-Jin Lee,Ji-Eun Kim,Eun-Jin Baek,Byeong-Tae Kim,Seong-Nam Lee,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6

경기 서부지역 로컬푸드 직매장에서 유통되고 있는 농산물 341건을 수거하여 잔류 농약 검사를 실시한 결과 30.8%인 105건에서 잔류농약이 검출되었다. 6건이 잔류허용기준을 초과하여 부적합률은 1.8%로 나타났으며 최근 3년간 평균 부적합률인 1.4%보다 다소 높게 나타났다. 조사대상 농산물 중 과일류와 채소류에서만 잔류농약이 검출된 것으로 나타났으며, 과일류는 34건 중 24건이 검출되어 70.6%, 채소류는 277건중 81건이 검출되어 29.2%의 검출률을 나타내었다. 검출된 농약은 acetamiprid 등 59종으로 총 208회 검출되었으며 검출범위는 0.01-2.38 mg/kg 이었다. 잔류농약이 검출된 105건의 농산물중 62건(59%)에서는 1종의 농약만 검출되었고 43건(41%)에서는 2종 이상의 농약성분이 검출되었다. 특히 복숭아에서는 14종의 농약이 동시에 검출되었으며 농약성분 중 dinotefuran이 21회로 가장 많이 검출되었다. 검출된 농약의 독성을 살펴본 결과 인축독성은 III급(보통독성)이 44회(21.2%), IV급(저독성)이 164회(78.8%) 검출되었고, 어독성은 I급 68회(32.7%), II급 14회(6.7%), III급 126회(60.6%) 검출된 것으로 나타났다. 5회 이상 검출된 다빈도 농약성분에 대한 노출량을 조사한 결과 위해지수는 2.8% 이하로 나타나 식이 섭취량에 따른 잔류농약의 위해도는 미미한 것으로 판단된다. In this study, we detected the presence of residual pesticides in 341 agricultural products collected from local food outlets in western Gyeonggi Province. Residual pesticides were detected in 105 (30.8%) samples. Six samples exceeded the legal limits for residual pesticides, resulting in a non-compliance rate of 1.8%, which was slightly higher than the average non-compliance rate of 1.4% in the last three years. Among the tested agricultural products, only fruits and vegetables were found to have pesticide residues, with 24 of 34 fruits (a detection rate of 70.6%) and 81 of 277 vegetables (a detection rate of 29.2%) testing positive. In total, 59 types of pesticides, including acetamiprid, which was detected 208 times, were detected and had a detection range of 0.01-2.38 mg/kg. Among the 105 agricultural products containing pesticide residues, a single pesticide was detected in 62 samples (59%) and two or more pesticides were detected in 43 samples (41%). In particular, 14 pesticides were detected in the same sample of peaches; dinotefuran was detected 21 times. Upon examining the toxicity of the detected pesticides, Class III pesticides (moderate toxicity) were detected 44 times (21.2%) and Class IV pesticides (low toxicity) were detected 164 times (78.8%). Class I, II, and III pesticides with fish toxicity were detected 68 (32.7%), 14 (6.7%), and 126 times (60.6%), respectively. Upon examining the exposure to high-frequency pesticide components detected five or more times, the hazard index was found to be ≤2.8%. Accordingly, the hazard of residual pesticides based on dietary intake was deemed insignificant.

올리브유의 잔류농약 모니터링 및 노출량 조사

손미희,김재관,이유진,김지은,백은진,김병태,이성남,박명기,박용배,Mi-Hui Son,Jae-Kwan Kim,You-Jin Lee,Ji-Eun Kim,Eun-Jin Baek,Byeong-Tae Kim,Seong-Nam Lee,Myoung-Ki Park,Yong-Bae Park 한국식품위생안전성학회 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.4

A total of 100 commercially available olive oil products were analyzed for 179 pesticide residues using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). The olive oil samples were mixed with organic solvents, centrifuged and frozen to remove fat, and pesticide residues were analyzed using the "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (QuEChERS) method. The determination coefficient (R²) of the analysis method used in this study was ≥0.998. The detection limit of the method ranged 0.004-0.006 mg/kg and its quantitative limit ranged 0.012-0.017 mg/kg. The recovery rate (n=5) measured at the level ranging 0.01-0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg ranged 66.8-119.5%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was determined to be ≤5.7%, confirming that this method was suitable for the "Guidelines for Standard Procedures for Preparing Food Test Methods". The results showed that a total of 151 pesticides (including difenoconazole, deltamethrin, oxyfluorfen, kresoxim-methyl, phosmet, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, and trifloxystrobin) were detected in 64 of the 100 olive oil products. The detection range of these pesticide residues was 0.01-0.30 mg/kg. The percentage acceptable daily intake (%ADI) of the pesticides calculated using ADI and estimated daily intake (EDI) was 0.0001-0.1346, indicating that the detected pesticides were present at safe levels. This study provides basic data for securing the safety of olive oil products by monitoring pesticide residues in commercially available oilve oil products. Collectively, the analysis method used in this study can be used as a method to analyze residual pesticides in edible oils.